The Relationships with Maximal Aerobic Speed, Maximal Oxygen Uptake and Isokinetic Strength in Hearing Impaired Men's Handball Players

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 415 - 425, 25.03.2024

Mehmet Söyler , Hamza Küçük

https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1423185

Abstract

Study aim: This study aimed to analyze the relationships between weekly training frequency, changes in training duration, and Maximal Aerobic Speed (MAS), Maximum Oxygen Uptake (VO2max), and Isokinetic Strength over an 8-week period (pre-season 8 weeks). Material and methods: Eighteen hearing-impaired handball players (age: 26.78±2.26 years; height: 177.76±4.40 cm; body weight: 64.94±2.73 kg, training experience 13.1±2.6 years) were positioned in defense and offense based on their playing positions and were monitored for 8 weeks. Repeated Measures ANOVA test was performed for the pre-test and post-test comparisons of defense and offense players, frequency and distribution is observed, average standard deviation, maximum, and minimum values were taken. Results: The analysis results revealed a significant large positive difference in the agonist/antagonist ratio in the right extremity (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Throughout the study, fluctuating changes in the numbers and durations of training sessions were observed to significantly increase and correlate with changes in the players' fitness status. There is a statistically significant difference between pre-test and post- test values for maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), maximal aerobic speed (MAS), and maximal heart rate (HRmax) (p< 0.01). However, the variability in the large positive difference in the agonist/antagonist ratio in the right extremity suggests that it cannot be solely explained by the number and duration of training sessions in terms of fitness level.

Keywords

exercise, maximal aeorobıc speed, maximal oxygen uptake, isokinetıc strength

Ethical Statement

The study was approved by the university health ethical committe of Çankırı Karatekin University with the code date 08.05.2023 and followed the ethical recommendations for the study in humans as suggested by the Declaration of Helsinki.

Thanks

We thank hearing ımpaired men's handball players for helping in data collecting

References

• Altavilla, G., Riela, L., Di Tore, A. P., & Raiola, G. 2017). The physical effort required from professional football players in different playing positions. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 17, 2007-2012. [CrossRef]
• Aloui, G., Hermassi, S., Hayes, L. D., Shephard, R. J., Chelly, M. S., & Schwesig, R. 2021). Effects of elastic band plyometric training on physical performance of team handball players. Applied Sciences, 113), 1309. [PubMed]
• Andersen, V., Fimland, M. S., Cumming, K. T., Vraalsen, Ø., & Saeterbakken, A. H. 2018). Explosive resistance training using elastic bands in young female team handball players. Sports Medicine International Open, 206), E171-E178. [PubMed]
• Arslanoğlu, C., Baynaz, K., Acar, K., Mor, A., İpekoğlu, G., & Arslanoğlu, E. 2017). Relationship between leg strength and aerobic and anaerobic capacity in football players. Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 201), 37-45.
• Beltz, N. M., Gibson, A. L., Janot, J. M., Kravitz, L., Mermier, C. M., & Dalleck, L. C. 2016). Graded exercise testing protocols for the determination of VO 2 max: historical perspectives, progress, and future considerations. Journal of Sports Medicine. [CrossRef]
• Billat, V. L., Morton, R. H., Blondel, N., Berthoin, S., Bocquet, V., Koralsztein, J. P., & Barstow, T. J. 2000). Oxygen kinetics and modelling of time to exhaustion whilst running at various velocities at maximal oxygen uptake. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 82, 178-187. [PubMed]
• Boraczyński, T., & Urniaż, J. 2008). Changes in aerobic and anaerobic power indices in elite handball players following a 4-week general fitness mesocycle. Journal of Human Kinetics, 19, 131-140. [CrossRef]
• Bourdon, P. C., Cardinale, M., Murray, A., Gastin, P., Kellmann, M., Varley, M. C., & Cable, N. T. 2017). Monitoring athlete training loads: consensus statement. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12s2), S2-161. [PubMed]
• Bragazzi, N. L., Rouissi, M., Hermassi, S., & Chamari, K. 2020). Resistance training and handball Players’ isokinetic, isometric and maximal strength, muscle power and throwing ball velocity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 178), 2663. [PubMed]
• Campos-Vazquez, M. A., Toscano-Bendala, F. J., Mora-Ferrera, J. C., & Suarez-Arrones, L. J. 2017). Relationship between internal load indicators and changes on intermittent performance after the preseason in professional soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 316), 1477-1485. [PubMed]
• Cameron, M., Camic, C. L., Doberstein, S., Erickson, J. L., & Jagim, A. R. 2018). The acute effects of a multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement on resting energy expenditure and exercise performance in recreationally active females. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 151), 1. [PubMed]
• Chukhlantseva N. 2019). Development of movement coordination among handballists at the initial preparation stage. Scientific Journal of the National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series No 15. Scientific and Pedagogical Problems of Physical Culture Physical Culture and Sports), 9117)19: 7–10
• Coutinho, D., Gonçalves, B., Figueira, B., Abade, E., Marcelino, R., & Sampaio, J. 2015). Typical weekly workload of under 15, under 17, and under 19 elite Portuguese football players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 3312), 1229-1237. [PubMed]
• Dafoe, W. 2007). Principles of exercise testing and interpretation. The Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 234), 274. Daros, L. B., Osiecki, R., Dourado, A. C., Stanganélli, L. C. R., Fornaziero, A. M., & Osiecki, A. C. 2012). Maximum aerobic power test for soccer players. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online, 152).
• D'Isanto, T., D'Elia, F., Raiola, G., & Altavilla, G. 2019). Assessment of sport performance: Theoretical Aspects and Practical Indications. Sport Mont, 17, 79-82.
• Drake, D., Kennedy, R., Godfrey, M., MacLead, S., Davis, A., & Maguire, M. 2017). A step towards a field based agility test in team sports. A perspective on return to play criteria. Physical Therapy in Sport, 28, ee20.
• Gabbett, T. J. 2020). Debunking the myths about training load, injury and performance: empirical evidence, hot topics and recommendations for practitioners. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 541), 58-66. [PubMed]
• Gorostiaga, E. M., Granados, C., Ibañez, J., González-Badillo, J. J., & Izquierdo, M. 2006). Effects of an entire season on physical fitness changes in elite male handball players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 382), 357–366. [PubMed]
• Granados, C., Izquierdo, M., Ibáñez, J., Ruesta, M., & Gorostiaga, E. M. 2008). Effects of an entire season on physical fitness in elite female handball players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 402), 351–361. [PubMed]
• Hammami, M., Gaamouri, N., Cherni, Y., Chelly, M. S., Hill, L., & Knechtle, B. 2022). Effects of contrast strength training with elastic band program on sprint, jump, strength, balance and repeated change of direction in young female handball players. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 175), 1147-1157. [CrossRef]
• Hantău, C. 2021). Dynamic games-an efficient method in handball training. Discobolul-Physical Education, Sport & Kinetotherapy Journal, 604),499-508.
• Ibrahim, H., Nor, N. E. M., Hashim, A. H. M., & Zainuddin, Z. A. 2017). The change of direction speed performance of hearing-impaired netball players. Man in India, 9713), 195-203.
• Ivarsson, T. 2014). A Comparison Between Foam Rolling and Dynamic Stretch on Throwing Velocity and Accuracy Among Male Handball Players. Master’s Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering.
• Ignjatovic, A. M., Markovic, Z. M., & Radovanovic, D. S. 2012). Effects of 12-week medicine ball training on muscle strength and power in young female handball players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 268), 2166-2173. [PubMed]
• Jagim, A. R., Jones, M. T., Wright, G. A., St. Antoine, C., Kovacs, A., & Oliver, J. M. 2016). The acute effects of multi-ingredient pre-workout ingestion on strength performance, lower body power, and anaerobic capacity. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 131), 11. [PubMed]
• Kejonen, P., Kauranen, K., & Vanharanta, H. 2003). The relationship between anthropometric factors and body-balancing movements in postural balance. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 841), 17-22. [PubMed]
• Michalsik, L. B., Aagaard, P., & Madsen, K. 2012). Locomotion characteristics and match-induced impairments in physical performance in male elite team handball players. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 590-599. [PubMed]
• Milanović, D., Vuleta, D., & Ohnjec, K. 2018). Performance indicators of winning and defeated female handball teams in matches of the 2012 Olympic Games tournament. Journal of Human Kinetics, 641), 247-253. [PubMed]
• Mujika, I., Halson, S., Burke, L. M., Balagué, G., & Farrow, D. 2018). An integrated, multifactorial approach to periodization for optimal performance in individual and team sports. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 135), 538-561. [PubMed]
• Müller, C., & Brandes, M. 2015). Effect of kinesiotape applications on ball velocity and accuracy in amateur soccer and handball. Journal of Human Kinetics, 491), 119-129. [PubMed]
• Nopianto, W., Setiakarnawijaya, Y., Widiastuti, D., & Lanos, M. E. C. 2021). Shooting Skills Training Needs Analysis in Handball Game for Young Athlete. Sciences, 93), 554-559.
• Park, J., Chang, K., Ahn, J., Kim, J., & Lee, S. 2021). Comparative analysis of win and loss factors in women's handball using international competition records. International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences, 332).
• Petridis, L., Pálinkás, G., Tróznai, Z., Béres, B., & Utczás, K. 2021). Determining strength training needs using the force-velocity profile of elite female handball and volleyball players. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 161), 123-130. [CrossRef]
• Saavedra, J. M., Þorgeirsson, S., Chang, M., Kristjánsdóttir, H., & García-Hermoso, A. 2018). Discriminatory power of women’s handball game-related statistics at the olympic games 2004-2016). Journal of Human Kinetics, 621), 221-229. [PubMed]
• Práxedes, A., Del Villar, F., Pizarro, D., & Moreno, A. 2018). The impact of nonlinear pedagogy on decision-making and execution in youth soccer players according to game actions. Journal of Human Kinetics, 621), 185-198. [PubMed]
• Raeder, C., Fernandez-Fernandez, J., & Ferrauti, A. 2015). Effects of six weeks of medicine ball training on throwing velocity, throwing precision, and isokinetic strength of shoulder rotators in female handball players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 297), 1904-1914. [PubMed]
• Söyler, M., Zileli, R., & Diker, G. 2023). U19 Elit A Ligi Oyuncularında Diz Fleksör-Ekstansör İzokinetik Kuvveti ile Sprint ve Sıçrama Performansı Arasındaki İlişki; Pilot Bir Çalışma. The Online Journal of Recreation and Sports, 122), 176-191. [CrossRef]
• Schwesig, R., Hermassi, S., Wagner, H., Fischer, D., Fieseler, G., Molitor, T., & Delank, K. S. 2016). Relationship between the range of motion and isometric strength of elbow and shoulder joints and ball velocity in women team handball players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 3012), 3428-3435. [PubMed]
• Śliwowski, R., Grygorowicz, M., Hojszyk, R., & Jadczak, Ł. 2017). The isokinetic strength profile of elite soccer players according to playing position. PloS One, 127), e0182177. [PubMed]
• Szymanski, D. J., McIntyre, J. S., Szymanski, J. M., Bradford, T. J., Schade, R. L., Madsen, N. H., & Pascoe, D. D. 2007). Effect of torso rotational strength on angular hip, angular shoulder, and linear bat velocities of high school baseball players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 214), 1117-1125. [PubMed]
• Timmins, T. D., & Saunders, D. H. 2014). Effect of caffeine ingestion on maximal voluntary contraction strength in upper-and lower-body muscle groups. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2811), 3239-3244. [PubMed]
• Tyshchenko, V., Pavel, P., Olena, B., Lia, G., Maria, S., Anna, S., & Olga, S. 2017). Testing of control systems of highly qualified handball teams during the annual training macrocycle. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 173), 1977-1984.
• Wagner, H., Gierlinger, M., Adzamija, N., Ajayi, S., Bacharach, D. W., & Von Duvillard, S. P. 2017). Specific physical training in elite male team handball. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 3111), 3083-3093. [PubMed]
• Williams, S., Trewartha, G., Cross, M. J., Kemp, S. P., & Stokes, K. A. 2017). Monitoring what matters: a systematic process for selecting training-load measures. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12s2), S2-101.
• Wolpern, A. E., Burgos, D. J., Janot, J. M., & Dalleck, L. C. 2015). Is a threshold-based model a superior method to the relative percent concept for establishing individual exercise intensity? a randomized controlled trial. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 7, 1-9. [PubMed]
• Zemková, E., & Hamar, D. 2014). Agility performance in athletes of different sport specializations. Acta Gymnica, 443), 133-140. [CrossRef]