Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

The Effect of 12-Week Outward-Bound Training on Sports Attitude, Heart Rate and Physical Fitness Among College Students in China

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 663 - 675, 25.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1417223

Abstract

Outward-bound training (OBT) originated in the UK as an outdoor survival method during World War II and is an experiential training course that emphasizes shaping teamwork, enhancing and strengthening individual psychological and athletic potential, and promoting organizational growth. However, OBT to improve sports attitude and physical fitness among college students remains unclear. The purpose of this study investigated the effect on sport attitude, heart rate and physical fitness among college students in China. Sixty college students (Aged 18-20, 19.05±0.85y) who were selected from Jiangxi Teachers College took part in this study. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups EG and CG. The EG completed 12 weeks OBT combined normal PE class intervention and the CG only for 12 weeks normal PE class intervention. The result indicated that the EG was statistically significant difference than control group after Paired-samples T test analysis for sports attitude questionnaire score (Male T=-11.515, P=0.001 and Female T=-23.070, P=0.001); HRMax (Male T=-5.755, P=0.001 and Female T=-4.007, P=0.001); HRAvg (Male T=-5.072, P=0.001 and Female T=-4.801, P=0.001); 50m run (Male T=8.085, P=0.001 and Female T=8.413, P=0.001); 800m run (Female T=5.949, P=0.001); 1000m run (Male T=3.722, P=0.001); Standing long jump (Male T=-2.233, P=0.042 and Female T=-5.824, P=0.001); Sit and reach (Male T=-3.872, P=0.002 and Female T=-5.274, P=0.001); Sit-up (Female T=-11.042, P=0.001 ); Pull-up (Male T=-4.276, P=0.001). Therefore, the conclusion suggested that 12-week OBT intervention was significant to improve sports attitude, heart rate and physical fitness among college students in China.

References

  • An, Y., Yang, J., Niu, S. J., & Wang, J. (2022). Health First: The Sustainable Development of Physical Education in Chinese Schools. Sustainability, 14(5), Article 5. [CrossRef]
  • Banville, D., Marttinen, R., Kulinna, P. H., & Ferry, M. (2021). Curriculum decisions made by secondary physical education teachers and comparison with students’ preferences. Curriculum Studies in Health and Physical Education, 12(3), 199–216. [CrossRef]
  • Dong, X., Huang, F., Starratt, G., & Yang, Z. (2023). Trend in health-related physical fitness for Chinese male first-year college students: 2013–2019. Frontiers in Public Health, 11. [PubMed]
  • Fan, X., & Yu, M. (2017). Changing Trend of University Students’ Physical Fitness and the Reform of Teaching Methods. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(12), 8227–8232. [CrossRef] Freeman, M. (2011). From ‘character‐training’ to ‘personal growth’: The early history of Outward Bound 1941–1965. History of Education, 40(1), 21–43. [CrossRef]
  • Guanghong, L. (2017). Construction of the outward-bound training mode in university physical education in a development perspective. Agro Food Industry Hi-Tech, 28(1), 2458–2462.
  • Guo, Q., Samsudin, S., Yang, X., Gao, J., Ramlan, M. A., Abdullah, B., & Farizan, N. H. (2023). Relationship between Perceived Teacher Support and Student Engagement in Physical Education: A Systematic Review. Sustainability, 15(7), Article 7. [CrossRef]
  • Herbert, C., Meixner, F., Wiebking, C., & Gilg, V. (2020). Regular Physical Activity, Short-Term Exercise, Mental Health, and Well-Being Among University Students: The Results of an Online and a Laboratory Study. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. [PubMed]
  • Hu, C. (2022). Evaluation of physical education classes in colleges and universities using machine learning. Soft Computing, 26(20), 10765–10773. [CrossRef]
  • Kim, D.-H., Cho, Y.-H., & Seo, T.-B. (2022). Correlation between physical efficiency index using Harvard step test and heart rate variation in college students. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 18(6), 389–394. [PubMed]
  • Kljajević, V., Stanković, M., Đorđević, D., Trkulja-Petković, D., Jovanović, R., Plazibat, K., Oršolić, M., Čurić, M., & Sporiš, G. (2022). Physical Activity and Physical Fitness among University Students—A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(1), Article 1. [PubMed]
  • Liang, S., & Hong, F. (2012). Historical Review of State Policy for Physical Education in the People’s Republic of China. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 29(4), 583–600. [CrossRef]
  • Matlovičová, K., & Matlovič, R. (2019). Geography Education At The Comenius University In Bratislava In The Years Of 1922-1938: Institutionalization, Actors And Study Courses.
  • Mees, A., Toering, T., & Collins, L. (2022). Exploring the development of judgement and decision making in ‘competent’ outdoor instructors. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 22(1), 77–91. [CrossRef]
  • O’Brien, M. W., Shivgulam, M. E., Wojcik, W. R., Barron, B. A., Seaman, R. E., & Fowles, J. R. (2022). 30 Year Trends of Reduced Physical Fitness in Undergraduate Students Studying Human Movement. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21), Article 21. [PubMed]
  • Smith, B. J., Tang, K. C., & Nutbeam, D. (2006). WHO Health Promotion Glossary: New terms. Health Promotion International, 21(4), 340–345. [PubMed]
  • Wang, J. (2022). Influence Of Physical Training On The Physical Quality Of University Students. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Do Esporte, 29, e2022_0184. [CrossRef]
  • Wei, X., & Liu, Z. (2018). Comprehensive Assessment of the Psychological Burden for Students in Physical Education Classes in Chinese Universities. Medical Science Monitor Basic Research, 24, 79–83. [PubMed]
  • Yang, X., Samsudin, S., Wei, S., Guo, Q., Geork, S., & Yaakob, S. S. N. (2023). The effect of outdoor education intervention to improve leadership among students: A systematic review. International Journal of Multicultural Education, 25, 53.
  • Yun, G., Ravi, R., & Jumani, A. (2022). Analysis of the teaching quality on deep learning-based innovative ideological political education platform. Progress in Artificial Intelligence. [CrossRef]
  • Zang, J. (2023). Smart Sports Outward Bound Training Assistant System Based on WSNs. International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies (IJDST), 14(2), 1–11. [CrossRef]
  • Zhou, Y., Wang, L., Wang, B., & Chen, R. (2022). Physical activity during physical education in elementary school in China: The role of teachers. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 27(4), 409–421. [CrossRef]
Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 663 - 675, 25.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1417223

Abstract

References

  • An, Y., Yang, J., Niu, S. J., & Wang, J. (2022). Health First: The Sustainable Development of Physical Education in Chinese Schools. Sustainability, 14(5), Article 5. [CrossRef]
  • Banville, D., Marttinen, R., Kulinna, P. H., & Ferry, M. (2021). Curriculum decisions made by secondary physical education teachers and comparison with students’ preferences. Curriculum Studies in Health and Physical Education, 12(3), 199–216. [CrossRef]
  • Dong, X., Huang, F., Starratt, G., & Yang, Z. (2023). Trend in health-related physical fitness for Chinese male first-year college students: 2013–2019. Frontiers in Public Health, 11. [PubMed]
  • Fan, X., & Yu, M. (2017). Changing Trend of University Students’ Physical Fitness and the Reform of Teaching Methods. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(12), 8227–8232. [CrossRef] Freeman, M. (2011). From ‘character‐training’ to ‘personal growth’: The early history of Outward Bound 1941–1965. History of Education, 40(1), 21–43. [CrossRef]
  • Guanghong, L. (2017). Construction of the outward-bound training mode in university physical education in a development perspective. Agro Food Industry Hi-Tech, 28(1), 2458–2462.
  • Guo, Q., Samsudin, S., Yang, X., Gao, J., Ramlan, M. A., Abdullah, B., & Farizan, N. H. (2023). Relationship between Perceived Teacher Support and Student Engagement in Physical Education: A Systematic Review. Sustainability, 15(7), Article 7. [CrossRef]
  • Herbert, C., Meixner, F., Wiebking, C., & Gilg, V. (2020). Regular Physical Activity, Short-Term Exercise, Mental Health, and Well-Being Among University Students: The Results of an Online and a Laboratory Study. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. [PubMed]
  • Hu, C. (2022). Evaluation of physical education classes in colleges and universities using machine learning. Soft Computing, 26(20), 10765–10773. [CrossRef]
  • Kim, D.-H., Cho, Y.-H., & Seo, T.-B. (2022). Correlation between physical efficiency index using Harvard step test and heart rate variation in college students. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 18(6), 389–394. [PubMed]
  • Kljajević, V., Stanković, M., Đorđević, D., Trkulja-Petković, D., Jovanović, R., Plazibat, K., Oršolić, M., Čurić, M., & Sporiš, G. (2022). Physical Activity and Physical Fitness among University Students—A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(1), Article 1. [PubMed]
  • Liang, S., & Hong, F. (2012). Historical Review of State Policy for Physical Education in the People’s Republic of China. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 29(4), 583–600. [CrossRef]
  • Matlovičová, K., & Matlovič, R. (2019). Geography Education At The Comenius University In Bratislava In The Years Of 1922-1938: Institutionalization, Actors And Study Courses.
  • Mees, A., Toering, T., & Collins, L. (2022). Exploring the development of judgement and decision making in ‘competent’ outdoor instructors. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 22(1), 77–91. [CrossRef]
  • O’Brien, M. W., Shivgulam, M. E., Wojcik, W. R., Barron, B. A., Seaman, R. E., & Fowles, J. R. (2022). 30 Year Trends of Reduced Physical Fitness in Undergraduate Students Studying Human Movement. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21), Article 21. [PubMed]
  • Smith, B. J., Tang, K. C., & Nutbeam, D. (2006). WHO Health Promotion Glossary: New terms. Health Promotion International, 21(4), 340–345. [PubMed]
  • Wang, J. (2022). Influence Of Physical Training On The Physical Quality Of University Students. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Do Esporte, 29, e2022_0184. [CrossRef]
  • Wei, X., & Liu, Z. (2018). Comprehensive Assessment of the Psychological Burden for Students in Physical Education Classes in Chinese Universities. Medical Science Monitor Basic Research, 24, 79–83. [PubMed]
  • Yang, X., Samsudin, S., Wei, S., Guo, Q., Geork, S., & Yaakob, S. S. N. (2023). The effect of outdoor education intervention to improve leadership among students: A systematic review. International Journal of Multicultural Education, 25, 53.
  • Yun, G., Ravi, R., & Jumani, A. (2022). Analysis of the teaching quality on deep learning-based innovative ideological political education platform. Progress in Artificial Intelligence. [CrossRef]
  • Zang, J. (2023). Smart Sports Outward Bound Training Assistant System Based on WSNs. International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies (IJDST), 14(2), 1–11. [CrossRef]
  • Zhou, Y., Wang, L., Wang, B., & Chen, R. (2022). Physical activity during physical education in elementary school in China: The role of teachers. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 27(4), 409–421. [CrossRef]
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Physical Activity and Health
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Jianxin Gao 0009-0006-5421-206X

Borhannudin Bin Abdullah This is me 0000-0002-4869-2769

Roxana Dev Omar Dev This is me 0000-0001-8456-5268

Early Pub Date May 20, 2024
Publication Date May 25, 2024
Submission Date January 9, 2024
Acceptance Date May 17, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Gao, J., Abdullah, B. B., & Dev, R. D. O. (2024). The Effect of 12-Week Outward-Bound Training on Sports Attitude, Heart Rate and Physical Fitness Among College Students in China. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 7(3), 663-675. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1417223
AMA Gao J, Abdullah BB, Dev RDO. The Effect of 12-Week Outward-Bound Training on Sports Attitude, Heart Rate and Physical Fitness Among College Students in China. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. May 2024;7(3):663-675. doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1417223
Chicago Gao, Jianxin, Borhannudin Bin Abdullah, and Roxana Dev Omar Dev. “The Effect of 12-Week Outward-Bound Training on Sports Attitude, Heart Rate and Physical Fitness Among College Students in China”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 7, no. 3 (May 2024): 663-75. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1417223.
EndNote Gao J, Abdullah BB, Dev RDO (May 1, 2024) The Effect of 12-Week Outward-Bound Training on Sports Attitude, Heart Rate and Physical Fitness Among College Students in China. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 7 3 663–675.
IEEE J. Gao, B. B. Abdullah, and R. D. O. Dev, “The Effect of 12-Week Outward-Bound Training on Sports Attitude, Heart Rate and Physical Fitness Among College Students in China”, International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 663–675, 2024, doi: 10.33438/ijdshs.1417223.
ISNAD Gao, Jianxin et al. “The Effect of 12-Week Outward-Bound Training on Sports Attitude, Heart Rate and Physical Fitness Among College Students in China”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 7/3 (May 2024), 663-675. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1417223.
JAMA Gao J, Abdullah BB, Dev RDO. The Effect of 12-Week Outward-Bound Training on Sports Attitude, Heart Rate and Physical Fitness Among College Students in China. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2024;7:663–675.
MLA Gao, Jianxin et al. “The Effect of 12-Week Outward-Bound Training on Sports Attitude, Heart Rate and Physical Fitness Among College Students in China”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, vol. 7, no. 3, 2024, pp. 663-75, doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1417223.
Vancouver Gao J, Abdullah BB, Dev RDO. The Effect of 12-Week Outward-Bound Training on Sports Attitude, Heart Rate and Physical Fitness Among College Students in China. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2024;7(3):663-75.


Flag Counter