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Examining the Relationship between Foot Medial Arch Height and Short and Medium Distance Running Performances and Some Variables in Athletes

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 4, 816 - 824
https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1468002

Abstract

In this study, the relationship between foot medial arch height, age, height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), calf and thigh thickness and 100-meter and 3000-meter running performances in athletes was investigated. 28 athletes competing in national competitions, with an average age of 18.29±5.68 years, were included in the study on a voluntary basis. The right foot medial arch heights, heights, body weights, calf and thigh thicknesses of the participants were determined. BMI's were calculated. Also, 100 m and 3000 m. running times were determined. Data analyzes were performed using descriptive statistics and correlation tests. As a result of the analysis, 100 m running performance had a negative relationship with the values of height (r= -.377), body weight (r= -.466), BMI (r= -.428) and thigh circumference (r= -.433). It was observed that there was a relationship with the calf circumference measurement value (-.496) at the p<0.01 level. On the other hand, it was determined that the relationship between foot medial arch height (r= -.178) was not significant (p>0.05). On the other hand, 3000 m running performance was negatively affected by height (r= -.493), body weight (r= -.641), BMI (r= -.625) and calf girth thickness (r= -.623). It was determined that it showed significance at the p<0.01 level. It was also determined that there was a significant relationship with medial arch height in a negative direction (r = -.404) and at p < 0.05. As a result, it can be said that foot medial arch height, height, body weight, BMI, thigh and calf circumference thickness values are effective on short and medium distance running performances.

References

  • Atamtürk, D. (2009). Relationship of flatfoot and high arch with main anthropometric variables. Acta orthopaedica et traumatologica turcica, 43(3), 254-259). [CrossRef]
  • Bjelopetrovich, A. (2016). Effects of Body Weight Loading on Arch Height. [CrossRef]
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çoklu, Ö., & Köklü, N. (2016). Statistics for social sciences, (18th edition) Ankara. Pegem Publications.
  • Chang, J.-H., Wang, S.-H., Kuo, C.-L., Shen, H. C., Hong, Y.-W., & Lin, L.-C. (2010). Prevalence of flexible flatfoot in Taiwanese school-aged children in relation to obesity, +gender, and age. European journal of pediatrics, 169, 447-452. [CrossRef]
  • Cote, K. P., Brunet, M. E., Gansneder, B. M., & Shultz, S. J. (2005). Effects of pronated and supinated foot postures on static and dynamic postural stability. Journal of athletic training, 40(1), 41 . [PubMed]
  • Dare, D. M., & Dodwell, E. R. (2014). Pediatric flatfoot: cause, epidemiology, assessment, and treatment. Current opinion in pediatrics, 26(1), 93-100. [CrossRef]
  • Denyer, J. R., Hewitt, N. L., & Mitchell, A. C. (2013). Foot structure and muscle reaction time to a simulated ankle sprain. Journal of athletic training, 48(3), 326-330. [CrossRef]
  • Fiolkowski, P., Brunt, D., Bishop, M., Woo, R., & Horodyski, M. (2003). Intrinsic pedal musculature support of the medial longitudinal arch: an electromyography study. The Journal of foot and ankle surgery, 42(6), 327-333. [CrossRef]
  • Forriol, F., & Pascual, J. (1990). Footprint analysis between three and seventeen years of age. Foot & ankle, 11(2), 101-104. [CrossRef]
  • Franco, A. H. (1987). Pes cavus and pes planus: analyses and treatment. Physical therapy, 67(5), 688-694. [CrossRef]
  • Jankowicz-Szymanska, A., Mikolajczyk, E., & Wardzala, R. (2015). Arch of the foot and postural balance in young judokas and peers. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics B, 24(5), 456-460. [CrossRef]
  • Jonely, H., Brismée, J.-M., Sizer Jr, P. S., & James, C. R. (2011). Relationships between clinical measures of static foot posture and plantar pressure during static standing and walking. Clinical Biomechanics, 26(8), 873-879. [CrossRef]
  • Kitaoka, H. B., Ahn, T.-K., Luo, Z. P., & An, K.-N. (1997). Stability of the arch of the foot. Foot & ankle international, 18(10), 644-648. [CrossRef]
  • Knechtle, B. (2014). Relationship of anthropometric and training characteristics with race performance in endurance and ultra-endurance athletes. Asian journal of sports medicine, 5(2), 73. [CrossRef]
  • Ledoux, W. R., & Hillstrom, H. J. (2002). The distributed plantar vertical force of neutrally aligned and pes planus feet. Gait & posture, 15(1), 1-9. [CrossRef]
  • Lundberg, A., Svensson, O. K., Bylund, C., Goldie, I., & Selvik, G. (1989). Kinematics of the ankle/foot complex—part 2: pronation and supination. Foot & ankle, 9(5), 248-253. [CrossRef]
  • Madhav, R., Amin, A., Eastwood, D., & Singh, D. (2018). Biomechanics and joint replacement of the foot and ankle. In Basic Orthopaedic Sciences (pp. 337-349). CRC Press. [CrossRef]
  • Mickle, K. J., Steele, J. R., & Munro, B. J. (2006). The feet of overweight and obese young children: are they flat or fat? Obesity, 14(11), 1949-1953. [CrossRef]
  • Morita, N., Yamauchi, J., Kurihara, T., Fukuoka, R., Otsuka, M., Okuda, T., Ishizawa, N., Nakajima, T., Nakamichi, R., & Matsuno, S. (2015). Toe flexor strength and foot arch height in children. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 47(2), 350-356. [CrossRef]
  • Morris, J. M. (1977). Biomechanics of the foot and ankle. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®(122), 10-17. [CrossRef]
  • Mosca, V. S. (2010). Flexible flatfoot in children and adolescents. Journal of children's orthopaedics, 4(2), 107-121. [CrossRef]
  • Murley, G. S., Menz, H. B., & Landorf, K. B. (2009). A protocol for classifying normal-and flat-arched foot posture for research studies using clinical and radiographic measurements. Journal of foot and ankle research, 2, 1-13. [CrossRef]
  • Obrien, D. L., & Tyndyk, M. (2014). Effect of arch type and Body Mass Index on plantar pressure distribution during stance phase of gait. Acta of bioengineering and biomechanics, 16(2). [CrossRef]
  • Razeghi, M., & Batt, M. E. (2002). Foot type classification: a critical review of current methods. Gait & posture, 15(3), 282-291. [CrossRef]
  • Rejeki, P. S., Irwadi, I., & Munir, M. (2017). Correlation Between Body Mass Index and Medial Longitudinal Arch of The Foot in Children Aged 5–6 Years. In: Proceedings of Surabaya International Physiology Seminar. SCITEPREES-Science and Technology Publications, Surabaya, pp. 230-233. [CrossRef]
  • Rosende-Bautista, C., Munuera-Martínez, P. V., Seoane-Pillado, T., Reina-Bueno, M., Alonso-Tajes, F., Pérez-García, S., & Domínguez-Maldonado, G. (2021). Relationship of body mass index and footprint morphology to the actual height of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(18), 9815. [CrossRef]
  • Saltzman, C. L., Nawoczenski, D. A., & Talbot, K. D. (1995). Measurement of the medial longitudinal arch. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 76(1), 45-49. [CrossRef]
  • Scott, S. H., & Winter, D. A. (1991). Talocrural and talocalcaneal joint kinematics and kinetics during the stance phase of walking. Journal of biomechanics, 24(8), 743-752. [CrossRef]
  • Shariff, S. M., Manaharan, T., Shariff, A. A., & Merican, A. F. (2017). Evaluation of foot arch in adult women: Comparison between five different footprint parameters. Sains Malaysiana, 46(10), 1839-1848. [CrossRef]
  • Sharma, J., & Upadhyaya, P. (2016). Effect of flat foot on the running ability of an athlete. Indian Journal of Orthopaedics Surgery, 2(1), 119-123. [CrossRef]
  • Staheli, L. T., Chew, D. E., & Corbett, M. (1987). The longitudinal arch. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 69(3), 426-428. [CrossRef]
  • Subotnick, S. I. (1985). The biomechanics of running implications for the prevention of foot injuries. Sports Medicine, 2, 144-153. [CrossRef]
  • Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 6). pearson Boston, MA. [CrossRef]
  • Thordarson, D. B., Schmotzer, H., Chon, J., & Peters, J. (1995). Dynamic support of the human longitudinal arch: a biomechanical evaluation. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®(316), 165-172. [CrossRef]
  • Torun, B., & Çay, N. (2018). Relationship between the angle of the foot arch and the length of the foot. Kafkas TıpBilimleri Dergisi, 8(3), 172-177. [CrossRef]
  • Usman, M. A., Supriyadi, W., Zulkarnain, Z., & Thehumury, A. A. Arabian Journal of Medical Sciences. [CrossRef] Viladot, A. (1992). Surgical treatment of the child's flatfoot. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®, 283, 34-38. [CrossRef]
  • Volpon, J. B. (1994). Footprint analysis during the growth period. Journal of pediatric orthopedics, 14(1), 83-85. [CrossRef]
  • Zaryski, C., & Smith, D. J. (2005). Training principles and issues for ultra-endurance athletes. Current sports medicine reports, 4(3), 165-170. [CrossRef]
  • Zhao, X., Gu, Y., Yu, J., Ma, Y., & Zhou, Z. (2020). The influence of gender, age, and body mass index on arch height and arch stiffness. The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 59(2), 298-302. [CrossRef]
Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 4, 816 - 824
https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1468002

Abstract

References

  • Atamtürk, D. (2009). Relationship of flatfoot and high arch with main anthropometric variables. Acta orthopaedica et traumatologica turcica, 43(3), 254-259). [CrossRef]
  • Bjelopetrovich, A. (2016). Effects of Body Weight Loading on Arch Height. [CrossRef]
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çoklu, Ö., & Köklü, N. (2016). Statistics for social sciences, (18th edition) Ankara. Pegem Publications.
  • Chang, J.-H., Wang, S.-H., Kuo, C.-L., Shen, H. C., Hong, Y.-W., & Lin, L.-C. (2010). Prevalence of flexible flatfoot in Taiwanese school-aged children in relation to obesity, +gender, and age. European journal of pediatrics, 169, 447-452. [CrossRef]
  • Cote, K. P., Brunet, M. E., Gansneder, B. M., & Shultz, S. J. (2005). Effects of pronated and supinated foot postures on static and dynamic postural stability. Journal of athletic training, 40(1), 41 . [PubMed]
  • Dare, D. M., & Dodwell, E. R. (2014). Pediatric flatfoot: cause, epidemiology, assessment, and treatment. Current opinion in pediatrics, 26(1), 93-100. [CrossRef]
  • Denyer, J. R., Hewitt, N. L., & Mitchell, A. C. (2013). Foot structure and muscle reaction time to a simulated ankle sprain. Journal of athletic training, 48(3), 326-330. [CrossRef]
  • Fiolkowski, P., Brunt, D., Bishop, M., Woo, R., & Horodyski, M. (2003). Intrinsic pedal musculature support of the medial longitudinal arch: an electromyography study. The Journal of foot and ankle surgery, 42(6), 327-333. [CrossRef]
  • Forriol, F., & Pascual, J. (1990). Footprint analysis between three and seventeen years of age. Foot & ankle, 11(2), 101-104. [CrossRef]
  • Franco, A. H. (1987). Pes cavus and pes planus: analyses and treatment. Physical therapy, 67(5), 688-694. [CrossRef]
  • Jankowicz-Szymanska, A., Mikolajczyk, E., & Wardzala, R. (2015). Arch of the foot and postural balance in young judokas and peers. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics B, 24(5), 456-460. [CrossRef]
  • Jonely, H., Brismée, J.-M., Sizer Jr, P. S., & James, C. R. (2011). Relationships between clinical measures of static foot posture and plantar pressure during static standing and walking. Clinical Biomechanics, 26(8), 873-879. [CrossRef]
  • Kitaoka, H. B., Ahn, T.-K., Luo, Z. P., & An, K.-N. (1997). Stability of the arch of the foot. Foot & ankle international, 18(10), 644-648. [CrossRef]
  • Knechtle, B. (2014). Relationship of anthropometric and training characteristics with race performance in endurance and ultra-endurance athletes. Asian journal of sports medicine, 5(2), 73. [CrossRef]
  • Ledoux, W. R., & Hillstrom, H. J. (2002). The distributed plantar vertical force of neutrally aligned and pes planus feet. Gait & posture, 15(1), 1-9. [CrossRef]
  • Lundberg, A., Svensson, O. K., Bylund, C., Goldie, I., & Selvik, G. (1989). Kinematics of the ankle/foot complex—part 2: pronation and supination. Foot & ankle, 9(5), 248-253. [CrossRef]
  • Madhav, R., Amin, A., Eastwood, D., & Singh, D. (2018). Biomechanics and joint replacement of the foot and ankle. In Basic Orthopaedic Sciences (pp. 337-349). CRC Press. [CrossRef]
  • Mickle, K. J., Steele, J. R., & Munro, B. J. (2006). The feet of overweight and obese young children: are they flat or fat? Obesity, 14(11), 1949-1953. [CrossRef]
  • Morita, N., Yamauchi, J., Kurihara, T., Fukuoka, R., Otsuka, M., Okuda, T., Ishizawa, N., Nakajima, T., Nakamichi, R., & Matsuno, S. (2015). Toe flexor strength and foot arch height in children. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 47(2), 350-356. [CrossRef]
  • Morris, J. M. (1977). Biomechanics of the foot and ankle. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®(122), 10-17. [CrossRef]
  • Mosca, V. S. (2010). Flexible flatfoot in children and adolescents. Journal of children's orthopaedics, 4(2), 107-121. [CrossRef]
  • Murley, G. S., Menz, H. B., & Landorf, K. B. (2009). A protocol for classifying normal-and flat-arched foot posture for research studies using clinical and radiographic measurements. Journal of foot and ankle research, 2, 1-13. [CrossRef]
  • Obrien, D. L., & Tyndyk, M. (2014). Effect of arch type and Body Mass Index on plantar pressure distribution during stance phase of gait. Acta of bioengineering and biomechanics, 16(2). [CrossRef]
  • Razeghi, M., & Batt, M. E. (2002). Foot type classification: a critical review of current methods. Gait & posture, 15(3), 282-291. [CrossRef]
  • Rejeki, P. S., Irwadi, I., & Munir, M. (2017). Correlation Between Body Mass Index and Medial Longitudinal Arch of The Foot in Children Aged 5–6 Years. In: Proceedings of Surabaya International Physiology Seminar. SCITEPREES-Science and Technology Publications, Surabaya, pp. 230-233. [CrossRef]
  • Rosende-Bautista, C., Munuera-Martínez, P. V., Seoane-Pillado, T., Reina-Bueno, M., Alonso-Tajes, F., Pérez-García, S., & Domínguez-Maldonado, G. (2021). Relationship of body mass index and footprint morphology to the actual height of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(18), 9815. [CrossRef]
  • Saltzman, C. L., Nawoczenski, D. A., & Talbot, K. D. (1995). Measurement of the medial longitudinal arch. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 76(1), 45-49. [CrossRef]
  • Scott, S. H., & Winter, D. A. (1991). Talocrural and talocalcaneal joint kinematics and kinetics during the stance phase of walking. Journal of biomechanics, 24(8), 743-752. [CrossRef]
  • Shariff, S. M., Manaharan, T., Shariff, A. A., & Merican, A. F. (2017). Evaluation of foot arch in adult women: Comparison between five different footprint parameters. Sains Malaysiana, 46(10), 1839-1848. [CrossRef]
  • Sharma, J., & Upadhyaya, P. (2016). Effect of flat foot on the running ability of an athlete. Indian Journal of Orthopaedics Surgery, 2(1), 119-123. [CrossRef]
  • Staheli, L. T., Chew, D. E., & Corbett, M. (1987). The longitudinal arch. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 69(3), 426-428. [CrossRef]
  • Subotnick, S. I. (1985). The biomechanics of running implications for the prevention of foot injuries. Sports Medicine, 2, 144-153. [CrossRef]
  • Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 6). pearson Boston, MA. [CrossRef]
  • Thordarson, D. B., Schmotzer, H., Chon, J., & Peters, J. (1995). Dynamic support of the human longitudinal arch: a biomechanical evaluation. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®(316), 165-172. [CrossRef]
  • Torun, B., & Çay, N. (2018). Relationship between the angle of the foot arch and the length of the foot. Kafkas TıpBilimleri Dergisi, 8(3), 172-177. [CrossRef]
  • Usman, M. A., Supriyadi, W., Zulkarnain, Z., & Thehumury, A. A. Arabian Journal of Medical Sciences. [CrossRef] Viladot, A. (1992). Surgical treatment of the child's flatfoot. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®, 283, 34-38. [CrossRef]
  • Volpon, J. B. (1994). Footprint analysis during the growth period. Journal of pediatric orthopedics, 14(1), 83-85. [CrossRef]
  • Zaryski, C., & Smith, D. J. (2005). Training principles and issues for ultra-endurance athletes. Current sports medicine reports, 4(3), 165-170. [CrossRef]
  • Zhao, X., Gu, Y., Yu, J., Ma, Y., & Zhou, Z. (2020). The influence of gender, age, and body mass index on arch height and arch stiffness. The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 59(2), 298-302. [CrossRef]
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Physical Fitness, Kinantropometri
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

H. Bayram Temur 0000-0002-5124-2523

Hüseyin Esen 0009-0000-9025-0318

O. Bilge İnce This is me 0009-0007-2726-2720

Hüseyin Karadağ 0000-0002-0174-6504

Early Pub Date July 17, 2024
Publication Date
Submission Date April 17, 2024
Acceptance Date June 20, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Temur, H. B., Esen, H., İnce, O. B., Karadağ, H. (2024). Examining the Relationship between Foot Medial Arch Height and Short and Medium Distance Running Performances and Some Variables in Athletes. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 7(4), 816-824. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1468002
AMA Temur HB, Esen H, İnce OB, Karadağ H. Examining the Relationship between Foot Medial Arch Height and Short and Medium Distance Running Performances and Some Variables in Athletes. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. July 2024;7(4):816-824. doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1468002
Chicago Temur, H. Bayram, Hüseyin Esen, O. Bilge İnce, and Hüseyin Karadağ. “Examining the Relationship Between Foot Medial Arch Height and Short and Medium Distance Running Performances and Some Variables in Athletes”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 7, no. 4 (July 2024): 816-24. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1468002.
EndNote Temur HB, Esen H, İnce OB, Karadağ H (July 1, 2024) Examining the Relationship between Foot Medial Arch Height and Short and Medium Distance Running Performances and Some Variables in Athletes. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 7 4 816–824.
IEEE H. B. Temur, H. Esen, O. B. İnce, and H. Karadağ, “Examining the Relationship between Foot Medial Arch Height and Short and Medium Distance Running Performances and Some Variables in Athletes”, International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 816–824, 2024, doi: 10.33438/ijdshs.1468002.
ISNAD Temur, H. Bayram et al. “Examining the Relationship Between Foot Medial Arch Height and Short and Medium Distance Running Performances and Some Variables in Athletes”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 7/4 (July 2024), 816-824. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1468002.
JAMA Temur HB, Esen H, İnce OB, Karadağ H. Examining the Relationship between Foot Medial Arch Height and Short and Medium Distance Running Performances and Some Variables in Athletes. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2024;7:816–824.
MLA Temur, H. Bayram et al. “Examining the Relationship Between Foot Medial Arch Height and Short and Medium Distance Running Performances and Some Variables in Athletes”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, vol. 7, no. 4, 2024, pp. 816-24, doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1468002.
Vancouver Temur HB, Esen H, İnce OB, Karadağ H. Examining the Relationship between Foot Medial Arch Height and Short and Medium Distance Running Performances and Some Variables in Athletes. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2024;7(4):816-24.


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