Research Article
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Effect of Aquatic Exercise Training in Young Female Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 49 - 59

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to examine effect of aquatic exercise training in young females with chronic instability of the ankle. Method: The research comprised of 100 female individuals aged 20-30 years that fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants were separated into two categories with equal participants, control group (n=50) and experimental group (n=50) by using SPSS software. Experimental group underwent hydrotherapy program while control group underwent land-based exercise program with frequency of twice a week for about 6 weeks. The scores were statistically analysed by using paired and unpaired t-test. Findings: The findings showed that the two groups improved significantly in ROM. Group B improved significantly in ankle dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, and eversion (p < 0.0001), while the Group A showed p values of 0.0271, 0.3758, 0.4466, and 0.0452, respectively. The experimental group exhibited more improvement in MMT than the control group. The experimental group had significant strength in dorsiflexors, plantarflexors, invertors, and evertors (p < 0.0001), while the control group had significant strength dorsiflexors, invertors, and evertors (p = 0.0015, 0.0055, and 0.0020) and plantarflexors (p = 0.0207), respectively. The experimental group improved SEBT significantly (p < 0.0001) in all directions, while the control group exhibited significant results (p< 0.0001,0.0068,0.0062,0.0031,0.0090, 0.0423,0.0167).Conclusion: It concluded that the aquatic training program had shown a significant positive response in improving ROM, muscle strength and balance among young females experiencing chronic instability of the ankle.

Ethical Statement

The institutional ethical council of KVVDU, Karad provided ethical authorization (Protocol No.295/2022-2023).

Supporting Institution

Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed to be University, Karad, Maharashtra, India.

Project Number

295/2022-2023

References

  • Abadi, F. H., Elumalai, G., Sankaraval, M., & Ramli, F. A. B. M. (2017). Effects of aqua-aerobic exercise on the cardiovascular fitness and weight loss among obese students. International Journal of Physiotherapy, 4(5), 278-283.[CrossRef]
  • Al-Mohrej, O. A., & Al-Kenani, N. S. (2016). Chronic ankle instability: Current perspectives. Avicenna journal of medicine, 6(4), 103–108. [PubMed]
  • A,Y., S.M, and R.İ.Z. (2015). Comparison of Exercises in Water and Land on Pain Relief, Performance, Static and Dynamic Balance of People with Chronic Ankle Sprain. Sport Medicine "Harakat", 7(2), 175-191.[CrossRef]
  • Bernier, J. N., & Perrin, D. H. (1998). Effect of coordination training on proprioception of the functionally unstable ankle. The Journal of Orthopaedic And Sports Physical Therapy, 27(4), 264–275. [CrossRef]
  • Ben Moussa Zouita, A., Majdoub, O., Ferchichi, H., Grandy, K., Dziri, C., & Ben Salah, F. Z. (2013). The effect of 8-weeks proprioceptive exercise program in postural sway and isokinetic strength of ankle sprains of Tunisian athletes. Annals of Physical And Rehabilitation Medicine, 56(9-10), 634–643.[CrossRef]
  • Blackburn, T., Guskiewicz, K. M., Petschauer, M. A., & Prentice, W. E. (2000). Balance and joint stability: the relative contributions of proprioception and muscular strength. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 9(4), 315-328. [CrossRef]
  • Cox, R. W., Martinez, R. E., Baker, R. T., & Warren, L. (2018). Validity of a Smartphone Application for Measuring Ankle Plantar Flexion. Journal Of Sport Rehabilitation, 27(3),10.1123/jsr.2017-0143. [CrossRef]
  • de Noronha, M., Refshauge, K. M., Herbert, R. D., Kilbreath, S. L., & Hertel, J. (2006). Do voluntary strength, proprioception, range of motion, or postural sway predict occurrence of lateral ankle sprain?. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(10), 824–828. [PubMed]
  • Docherty, C. L., Valovich McLeod, T. C., & Shultz, S. J. (2006). Postural control deficits in participants with functional ankle instability as measured by the balance error scoring system. Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine, 16(3), 203–208. [CrossRef]
  • Donoghue, O. A., Shimojo, H., & Takagi, H. (2011). Impact forces of plyometric exercises performed on land and in water. Sports Health, 3(3), 303–309. [PubMed]
  • Gribble, P. A., Hertel, J., & Denegar, C. R. (2007). Chronic ankle instability and fatigue create proximal joint alterations during performance of the Star Excursion Balance Test. International Journal Of Sports Medicine, 28(3), 236–242.[CrossRef]
  • Han, J., Anson, J., Waddington, G., Adams, R., & Liu, Y. (2015). The Role of Ankle Proprioception for Balance Control in relation to Sports Performance and Injury. Biomed Research İnternational, 2015, 842804.[PubMed]
  • Hertel J. (2000). Functional instability following lateral ankle sprain. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 29(5), 361–371. [CrossRef]
  • Heitz, N. A., Eisenman, P. A., Beck, C. L., & Walker, J. A. (1999). Hormonal changes throughout the menstrual cycle and increased anterior cruciate ligament laxity in females. Journal Of Athletic Training, 34(2), 144–149. [PubMed]
  • Hertel, J., & Corbett, R. O. (2019). An Updated Model of Chronic Ankle Instability. Journal of Athletic Training, 54(6), 572–588. [PubMed]
  • Herzog, M. M., Kerr, Z. Y., Marshall, S. W., & Wikstrom, E. A. (2019). Epidemiology of Ankle Sprains and Chronic Ankle Instability. Journal of Athletic Training, 54(6), 603–610. [PubMed]
  • Hoogenboom, B., & Lomax, N. E. (2004). Aquatic therapy in rehabilitation. Rehabilitation Techniques for Sports Medicine and Athletic Training. New York, NY: McGraw Hill, 326-345. [CrossRef]
  • Jain, T. K., Wauneka, C. N., & Liu, W. (2014). The effect of balance training on ankle proprioception in patients with functional ankle instability. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research, 7(Suppl 1), A37. [CrossRef]
  • Kadav, N., Bhende, R., & Shinde, S. (2023). Proximal to distal posture correction protocol for IT band friction syndrome in female amateur runners. Int J Disabil Sports Health Sci, 6(2), 139-149. [CrossRef]
  • Kendall, F. P., McCreary, E. K., Provance, P. G., Rodgers, M. M., & Romani, W. A. (2005). Muscles: testing and function with posture and pain (Vol. 5, pp. 1-100). Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • Kinzey, S. J., & Armstrong, C. W. (1998). The reliability of the star-excursion test in assessing dynamic balance. The Journal of Orthopaedic And Sports Physical Therapy, 27(5), 356–360. [CrossRef]
  • Manjrekar, M., Dhane, S., & Shinde, S. (2024). Effect of Pre-Participation Aquatic Training Program on Running Performance in Marathon Runners. Int J Disabil Sports Health Sci,s, 7(1), 94-102. [CrossRef]
  • Norkin, C. C., & White, D. J. (2016). Measurement of joint motion: a guide to goniometry. FA Davis.
  • Nualona, P., Piriyaprasartha, P., & Yuktanandanab, P. (2013). The role of 6-week hydrotherapy and land-based therapy plus ankle taping in a preseason rehabilitation program for athletes with chronic ankle instability. Asian Biomed, 7(4), 553-9. [CrossRef]
  • Pöyhönen, T., Sipilä, S., Keskinen, K. L., Hautala, A., Savolainen, J., & Mälkiä, E. (2002). Effects of aquatic resistance training on neuromuscular performance in healthy women. Medicine And Science İn Sports And Exercise, 34(12), 2103–2109. [CrossRef]
  • Prentice, W. E., Kaminski, T. W., & Scibek, J. (2004). Rehabilitation techniques for sports medicine and athletic training. (No Title). [CrossRef]
  • Ragab, I. M. A. (2020). Aquatic therapy versus combined aquatic and land-based therapy in the treatment of chronic lateral ankle sprain. Egyptian Journal of Physical Therapy, 2(1), 16-23. [CrossRef]
  • Ross, S.E., & Guskiewicz, K.M. (2006). Effect of coordination training with and without stochastic resonance stimulation on dynamic postural stability of subjects with functional ankle instability and subjects with stable ankles. Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine, 16(4), 323–328. [CrossRef]
  • Sawant Janhavi, M., & Shinde, S. (2021). Effect of lower limb proximal to distal muscle imbalance correction on functional pes planus deformity in young adults”. Journal of Medical Pharmaceutical And Allied Sciences, 10(4), 3469-3473. [CrossRef]
  • Singh, M., Kumar, N., Awasthi, S., Saxena, P. P., & Shohail, A. (2023). Comparıson of water and land-based balance training in functional ankle instability. JMSCR,11(9):4-19. [CrossRef]
  • Tabassum, N.,and Azim, A. (2024). Common Sports Injuries, Training Load and Treatment Strategies for Optimal Recovery in Female University Athletes.Int. J. Act. Health Aging, 2(2)53-59. [CrossRef]
  • Takeshima, N., Rogers, M. E., Watanabe, E., Brechue, W. F., Okada, A., Yamada, T., Islam, M. M., & Hayano, J. (2002). Water-based exercise improves health-related aspects of fitness in older women. Medicine And Science İn Sports And Exercise, 34(3), 544–551. [CrossRef]
  • Thein, J.M., & Brody, L.T. (1998). Aquatic-based rehabilitation and training for the elite athlete. The Journal of Orthopaedic And Sports Physical Therapy, 27(1), 32–41. [CrossRef]
  • Yalfani, A., Sharifi, M., Raeisi, Z.A (2015). Comparison between Two Methods of Exercise in Water and Land to Improve Pain, Function, Static and Dynamic Balance in Patients with Chronic Ankle Sprain. Sport Sciences and Health Research, 7(2): 175-191. [CrossRef]
  • Wang, T. J., Belza, B., Elaine Thompson, F., Whitney, J. D., & Bennett, K. (2007). Effects of aquatic exercise on flexibility, strength and aerobic fitness in adults with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. Journal Of Advanced Nursing, 57(2), 141–152. [CrossRef]
  • Wikstrom, E.A., Tillman, M.D., Chmielewski, T.L., Cauraugh, J.H., & Borsa, P.A. (2007). Dynamic postural stability deficits in subjects with self-reported ankle instability. Medicine And Science İn Sports And Exercise, 39(3), 397–402. [CrossRef]
Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 49 - 59

Abstract

Project Number

295/2022-2023

References

  • Abadi, F. H., Elumalai, G., Sankaraval, M., & Ramli, F. A. B. M. (2017). Effects of aqua-aerobic exercise on the cardiovascular fitness and weight loss among obese students. International Journal of Physiotherapy, 4(5), 278-283.[CrossRef]
  • Al-Mohrej, O. A., & Al-Kenani, N. S. (2016). Chronic ankle instability: Current perspectives. Avicenna journal of medicine, 6(4), 103–108. [PubMed]
  • A,Y., S.M, and R.İ.Z. (2015). Comparison of Exercises in Water and Land on Pain Relief, Performance, Static and Dynamic Balance of People with Chronic Ankle Sprain. Sport Medicine "Harakat", 7(2), 175-191.[CrossRef]
  • Bernier, J. N., & Perrin, D. H. (1998). Effect of coordination training on proprioception of the functionally unstable ankle. The Journal of Orthopaedic And Sports Physical Therapy, 27(4), 264–275. [CrossRef]
  • Ben Moussa Zouita, A., Majdoub, O., Ferchichi, H., Grandy, K., Dziri, C., & Ben Salah, F. Z. (2013). The effect of 8-weeks proprioceptive exercise program in postural sway and isokinetic strength of ankle sprains of Tunisian athletes. Annals of Physical And Rehabilitation Medicine, 56(9-10), 634–643.[CrossRef]
  • Blackburn, T., Guskiewicz, K. M., Petschauer, M. A., & Prentice, W. E. (2000). Balance and joint stability: the relative contributions of proprioception and muscular strength. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 9(4), 315-328. [CrossRef]
  • Cox, R. W., Martinez, R. E., Baker, R. T., & Warren, L. (2018). Validity of a Smartphone Application for Measuring Ankle Plantar Flexion. Journal Of Sport Rehabilitation, 27(3),10.1123/jsr.2017-0143. [CrossRef]
  • de Noronha, M., Refshauge, K. M., Herbert, R. D., Kilbreath, S. L., & Hertel, J. (2006). Do voluntary strength, proprioception, range of motion, or postural sway predict occurrence of lateral ankle sprain?. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(10), 824–828. [PubMed]
  • Docherty, C. L., Valovich McLeod, T. C., & Shultz, S. J. (2006). Postural control deficits in participants with functional ankle instability as measured by the balance error scoring system. Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine, 16(3), 203–208. [CrossRef]
  • Donoghue, O. A., Shimojo, H., & Takagi, H. (2011). Impact forces of plyometric exercises performed on land and in water. Sports Health, 3(3), 303–309. [PubMed]
  • Gribble, P. A., Hertel, J., & Denegar, C. R. (2007). Chronic ankle instability and fatigue create proximal joint alterations during performance of the Star Excursion Balance Test. International Journal Of Sports Medicine, 28(3), 236–242.[CrossRef]
  • Han, J., Anson, J., Waddington, G., Adams, R., & Liu, Y. (2015). The Role of Ankle Proprioception for Balance Control in relation to Sports Performance and Injury. Biomed Research İnternational, 2015, 842804.[PubMed]
  • Hertel J. (2000). Functional instability following lateral ankle sprain. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 29(5), 361–371. [CrossRef]
  • Heitz, N. A., Eisenman, P. A., Beck, C. L., & Walker, J. A. (1999). Hormonal changes throughout the menstrual cycle and increased anterior cruciate ligament laxity in females. Journal Of Athletic Training, 34(2), 144–149. [PubMed]
  • Hertel, J., & Corbett, R. O. (2019). An Updated Model of Chronic Ankle Instability. Journal of Athletic Training, 54(6), 572–588. [PubMed]
  • Herzog, M. M., Kerr, Z. Y., Marshall, S. W., & Wikstrom, E. A. (2019). Epidemiology of Ankle Sprains and Chronic Ankle Instability. Journal of Athletic Training, 54(6), 603–610. [PubMed]
  • Hoogenboom, B., & Lomax, N. E. (2004). Aquatic therapy in rehabilitation. Rehabilitation Techniques for Sports Medicine and Athletic Training. New York, NY: McGraw Hill, 326-345. [CrossRef]
  • Jain, T. K., Wauneka, C. N., & Liu, W. (2014). The effect of balance training on ankle proprioception in patients with functional ankle instability. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research, 7(Suppl 1), A37. [CrossRef]
  • Kadav, N., Bhende, R., & Shinde, S. (2023). Proximal to distal posture correction protocol for IT band friction syndrome in female amateur runners. Int J Disabil Sports Health Sci, 6(2), 139-149. [CrossRef]
  • Kendall, F. P., McCreary, E. K., Provance, P. G., Rodgers, M. M., & Romani, W. A. (2005). Muscles: testing and function with posture and pain (Vol. 5, pp. 1-100). Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • Kinzey, S. J., & Armstrong, C. W. (1998). The reliability of the star-excursion test in assessing dynamic balance. The Journal of Orthopaedic And Sports Physical Therapy, 27(5), 356–360. [CrossRef]
  • Manjrekar, M., Dhane, S., & Shinde, S. (2024). Effect of Pre-Participation Aquatic Training Program on Running Performance in Marathon Runners. Int J Disabil Sports Health Sci,s, 7(1), 94-102. [CrossRef]
  • Norkin, C. C., & White, D. J. (2016). Measurement of joint motion: a guide to goniometry. FA Davis.
  • Nualona, P., Piriyaprasartha, P., & Yuktanandanab, P. (2013). The role of 6-week hydrotherapy and land-based therapy plus ankle taping in a preseason rehabilitation program for athletes with chronic ankle instability. Asian Biomed, 7(4), 553-9. [CrossRef]
  • Pöyhönen, T., Sipilä, S., Keskinen, K. L., Hautala, A., Savolainen, J., & Mälkiä, E. (2002). Effects of aquatic resistance training on neuromuscular performance in healthy women. Medicine And Science İn Sports And Exercise, 34(12), 2103–2109. [CrossRef]
  • Prentice, W. E., Kaminski, T. W., & Scibek, J. (2004). Rehabilitation techniques for sports medicine and athletic training. (No Title). [CrossRef]
  • Ragab, I. M. A. (2020). Aquatic therapy versus combined aquatic and land-based therapy in the treatment of chronic lateral ankle sprain. Egyptian Journal of Physical Therapy, 2(1), 16-23. [CrossRef]
  • Ross, S.E., & Guskiewicz, K.M. (2006). Effect of coordination training with and without stochastic resonance stimulation on dynamic postural stability of subjects with functional ankle instability and subjects with stable ankles. Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine, 16(4), 323–328. [CrossRef]
  • Sawant Janhavi, M., & Shinde, S. (2021). Effect of lower limb proximal to distal muscle imbalance correction on functional pes planus deformity in young adults”. Journal of Medical Pharmaceutical And Allied Sciences, 10(4), 3469-3473. [CrossRef]
  • Singh, M., Kumar, N., Awasthi, S., Saxena, P. P., & Shohail, A. (2023). Comparıson of water and land-based balance training in functional ankle instability. JMSCR,11(9):4-19. [CrossRef]
  • Tabassum, N.,and Azim, A. (2024). Common Sports Injuries, Training Load and Treatment Strategies for Optimal Recovery in Female University Athletes.Int. J. Act. Health Aging, 2(2)53-59. [CrossRef]
  • Takeshima, N., Rogers, M. E., Watanabe, E., Brechue, W. F., Okada, A., Yamada, T., Islam, M. M., & Hayano, J. (2002). Water-based exercise improves health-related aspects of fitness in older women. Medicine And Science İn Sports And Exercise, 34(3), 544–551. [CrossRef]
  • Thein, J.M., & Brody, L.T. (1998). Aquatic-based rehabilitation and training for the elite athlete. The Journal of Orthopaedic And Sports Physical Therapy, 27(1), 32–41. [CrossRef]
  • Yalfani, A., Sharifi, M., Raeisi, Z.A (2015). Comparison between Two Methods of Exercise in Water and Land to Improve Pain, Function, Static and Dynamic Balance in Patients with Chronic Ankle Sprain. Sport Sciences and Health Research, 7(2): 175-191. [CrossRef]
  • Wang, T. J., Belza, B., Elaine Thompson, F., Whitney, J. D., & Bennett, K. (2007). Effects of aquatic exercise on flexibility, strength and aerobic fitness in adults with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. Journal Of Advanced Nursing, 57(2), 141–152. [CrossRef]
  • Wikstrom, E.A., Tillman, M.D., Chmielewski, T.L., Cauraugh, J.H., & Borsa, P.A. (2007). Dynamic postural stability deficits in subjects with self-reported ankle instability. Medicine And Science İn Sports And Exercise, 39(3), 397–402. [CrossRef]
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Isha Kharat 0009-0002-5983-0124

Sandeep Shinde 0000-0002-6466-3888

Pooja Jain 0000-0002-1414-1520

Apurva Saptale 0000-0001-8782-8668

Project Number 295/2022-2023
Early Pub Date January 14, 2025
Publication Date
Submission Date May 11, 2024
Acceptance Date November 22, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kharat, I., Shinde, S., Jain, P., Saptale, A. (2025). Effect of Aquatic Exercise Training in Young Female Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 8(1), 49-59.
AMA Kharat I, Shinde S, Jain P, Saptale A. Effect of Aquatic Exercise Training in Young Female Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. January 2025;8(1):49-59.
Chicago Kharat, Isha, Sandeep Shinde, Pooja Jain, and Apurva Saptale. “Effect of Aquatic Exercise Training in Young Female Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 8, no. 1 (January 2025): 49-59.
EndNote Kharat I, Shinde S, Jain P, Saptale A (January 1, 2025) Effect of Aquatic Exercise Training in Young Female Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 8 1 49–59.
IEEE I. Kharat, S. Shinde, P. Jain, and A. Saptale, “Effect of Aquatic Exercise Training in Young Female Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability”, International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 49–59, 2025.
ISNAD Kharat, Isha et al. “Effect of Aquatic Exercise Training in Young Female Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 8/1 (January 2025), 49-59.
JAMA Kharat I, Shinde S, Jain P, Saptale A. Effect of Aquatic Exercise Training in Young Female Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2025;8:49–59.
MLA Kharat, Isha et al. “Effect of Aquatic Exercise Training in Young Female Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, vol. 8, no. 1, 2025, pp. 49-59.
Vancouver Kharat I, Shinde S, Jain P, Saptale A. Effect of Aquatic Exercise Training in Young Female Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2025;8(1):49-5.


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