Morning vs Evening Psychological Skills Training: Impacts on Psychosomatic Health in Kho-Kho Players

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 76 - 82

Sanjaykumar Swamynathan , Yogalakshmi P , Subhashree Natarajan Ratko Pavlovıc , Nikola Radulović Zhanneta Kozına , Ali Md Nadzalan

Abstract

This study aims to investigate how the timing of exercise impacts psychological skill training and its influence on psychosomatic variables among college-level female Kho-Kho players. The study's subjects included 45 Kho-Kho players from various colleges in Tamil Nadu; each group had 15 subjects. The age range of the players was 18 to 25 years old. They had played Kho-Kho for a minimum of three years. Group I is the Psychological Skills Training Morning Group (PSTM), Group II is the Psychological Skills Training Evening Group (PSTE), and Group III is the control group. These groups consist of people who participated in inter-college tournaments in Tamil Nadu. To determine the effectiveness of the training method, the experimental group trained for 30 minutes in morning and evening practices for 6 weeks, while the control group continued the regular curriculum without receiving any special practices. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) encompassing 42 items will be utilized to measure depression, anxiety, and stress levels. Results from ANOVA indicated significant differences among the groups for depression (F = 4.36326, p < 0.05), stress (F = 5.66268, p = 0.006647), and anxiety (F = 4.17362, p = 0.02222). Post-hoc comparisons highlighted that the Psychological Skills Training Morning Group (PSTM) displayed significant differences compared to both the Psychological Skills Training Evening Group (PSTE) and the control group for depression, stress, and anxiety, indicating morning sessions' potential efficacy. Morning interventions seemed particularly effective in managing depression, stress, and anxiety compared to evening sessions or no intervention.

Keywords

Psychological Skill Training, Psychosomatic variables, DASS, Kho-Kho, Women

Ethical Statement

The study followed ethical guidelines, ensuring informed consent, confidentiality, and voluntary participation of all Kho-Kho players involved.

Thanks

We thank the Kho-Kho players, coaches, and various Tamil Nadu colleges for their support and participation, making this research possible.

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