A Brief Introduction to the Properties of Aerospace Materials

Abstract

This article provides a detailed examination of the historical development and areas of use of aviation materials. By investigating the fundamental properties of materials used in aircraft and aerospace vehicle design, such as durability, lightness, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance, the study aims to offer an important perspective from both engineering and industrial viewpoints. Additionally, the role of material selection in factors like flight safety, efficiency, and environmental impact is discussed. The field of aviation materials is a fundamental element of aerospace engineering, encompassing many areas such as aircraft technology design, aerodynamics, flight control systems, avionics, propulsion systems, fuselage structures, and other critical disciplines. Launching a vehicle, whether an aircraft or a spacecraft, requires significant thrust and energy to initiate and sustain flight. Reducing engine weight to improve performance, while maintaining thrust capabilities, is of critical importance. Achieving these advancements requires the use of new materials that offer higher melting points, enhanced durability, and longer lifespans. As a result, materials such as polymer composites and magnesium alloys are in demand. With the advancement of superalloy technology, faster and more powerful aircraft for passenger, cargo, and other aviation applications are expected. This article aims to explore the historical development and applications of aviation materials.

Keywords

• Aerospace materials
• Alloy
• Composite Material
• Nano Composite
• Material Selection.

References

1. National Research Council, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, National Materials and Manufacturing Board, Committee, Materials Needs and R&D Strategy for Future Military Aerospace Propulsion Systems, National Academies Press, 2011.
2. Mouritz A., Introduction to Aerospace Materials, Reston, VA : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics ; Cambridge, UK : Woodhead Publishing, 2012.
3. Buhl H., Advanced Aerospace Materials- Materials Research and Engineering, Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 1992.
4. Anderson, Jr., D., Uçuşa Başlangıç (Çev. A. Yükselen). Nobel Akademik Press, s.1-68, İstanbul, 2016.
5. Minami, Y. Transition of Space Propulsion and Challenge to the Future -Breakthrough of Propulsion Technology. International Journal of Civil Aviation, 3, 1, 1-31, 2019.
6. Keskin, G., Kuşhan, M. C. (2020). Biyomimetik, Kuşlar ve Planörler. Makina, 164, 11-12.
7. Yudar, Serhat. A Study of the Change of Aircraft Wings from the Past to the Future. Journal of Aviation and Space Studies, 3, 89-109, 2023.
8. Loutun, M., J., T., Didane, D., H., Batcha, M., F., M., Abdullah, K., 2D CFD Simulation Study on Performance of Various NACA Airfoils. CFD Letters, 13, 4, 38-50, 2021.

9. Flower H. M., High Performance Materials in Aerospace, London: Chapman & Hall, Springer, Dordrecht, 1995.
10. Dursun T., Soutis C., Recent developments in advanced aircraft aluminium alloys, Mater. Des. 56 862–871, 2014.
11. Prasad N. E., Wanhill R. J. H., Aerospace Materials and Material Technologies, Volume 1: Aerospace Materials, Springer, Singapore, 2017.
12. Raj, R. Jini, P. Selvam and M. Pughalendi, A review of aluminum alloys in aircraft and aerospace industry. J. Huazhong Univ. Sci. Technol 1671: 4512, 2021.
13. URL-1, https://www.constellium.com/markets%20applications/aerospace/products-and-solutions , (Access Date: 21.11.2024)
14. Peters M., Kumpfert J., Ward C.H., Leyens C., Titanium alloys for aerospace applications, Adv. Eng. Mater. 5 (6) ,419–427, 2003.
15. Zhao Q., et al., High-strength titanium alloys for aerospace engineering applications: A review on melting-forging process, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 845 (May), 143260, 2022.
16. Wollmann M., Kiese J. and Wagner L., Properties and applications of titanium alloys in transport, Ti 2011 - Proc. 12th World Conf. Titan., vol. 2, no. December, pp. 837–844, 2012.
17. Boyer R. R., Briggs R. D., The use of β titanium alloys in the aerospace industry, J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 14 (6), 681–685, 2005.
18. Salishchev G., Zherebtsov S., Malysheva S., Smyslov A., Saphin E. and Izmaylova N., Mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy with submicrocrystalline structure produced by multiaxial forging. Mater. Sci. Forum, 584-586 PART 2, .9, 783–788, 2008.
19. Cantor, B., Assender, H., Grant, P., Aerospace Materials, Institute of Physics Publishing Bristol and Philadelphia, 2001.
20. Gad S. C., in Encyclopedia of Toxicology (Third Edition), 2014.
21. Boyer, R. R., Titanium for aerospace: Rationale and applications. Advanced Performance Materials. 2, 349-368, 1995.
22. Ostrovsky I. and Henn Y., Present State and Future Of Magnesium Application In Aerospace Industry, International Conference “New Challenges In Aeronautics”, Moscow, 2007.
23. Landkof, B., Magnesium applications in aerospace and electronic industries. Magnesium alloys and their applications, 168-172, 2000.
24. U.S. Department of Defense, Military Handbook - MIL-HDBK-5H: Metallic Materials and Elements for Aerospace Vehicle Structures, (Knovel Interactive Edition 2003), 1998.
25. Zagainov G.I., Lozino-Lozinsky G.B., Composite Materials in Aerospace Design (Soviet Advanced Composites Technology Series, 6), Springer, 1996.
26. Ahmad I., Yazdani B., Zhu Y., Recent advances on carbon nanotubes and graphene reinforced ceramics nanocomposites. Nanomaterials, 5, 1, 90–114, 2014.
27. Dawson, D. M., Ceramic materials in aerospace. High Performance Materials in Aerospace. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 182-201, 1995.
28. Zhang C., Ling Y., Zhang X., Liang M., Zou H., Ultra-thin carbon fiber reinforced carbon nanotubes modified epoxy composites with superior mechanical and electrical properties for the aerospace field, Compos. A Appl. Sci. Manuf, 163, 107197, 2022.
29. Mangalgiri, P. D., Composite materials for aerospace applications. Bulletin of Materials Science, 22: 657-664, 1999.
30. Ndukwe A. I., Green inhibitors for corrosion of metals in acidic media: A review, Acad. J. Manuf. Eng., 20, 2, 36–50, 2022.