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Investigation of the Consolidation Behavior of Soft Soil Improved with Vertical Drains by Finite Element Method

Year 2021, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 93 - 105, 09.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.24107/ijeas.1002115

Abstract

The primary consolidation may take long time due to the low permeability of clay soils in such cases soil improvement may be required to shorten the consolidation time, increase shear strength, and therefore bearing capacity. Preloading is one of the commonly used methods to consolidate soils before actual load and to strengthen weak compressible soils. In cases with time problems, the use of prefabricated vertical drains (PVD) with pre-loading shortens the drainage path and reduces the consolidation time by taking advantage of the horizontal permeability of the soils is generally higher. In this study, an embankment constructed at different load rates with constant accelerates and analyzes were performed for the non-drained and drained conditions of clay soils with PVDs are in 2m, 1m, and 0.5m intervals. In this way, the effect of load rate and PVD usage on consolidation settlement and excess pore pressures in underlying low permeable clayey soil was investigated.

References

  • Zhou, W., Hong, H. P., & Shang, J. Q., Probabilistic design method of prefabricated vertical drains for soil improvement. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 125(8), 659–664, 1999. Mitchell, J. K., Soil Improvement — State-of-the Art Report, 10th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 4, 509–565, 1981.
  • Shang, J. Q., Tang, M., & Miao, Z., Vacuum preloading consolidation of reclaimed land: a case study. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 35(5), 740–749, 1998.
  • Yan, S.-W., & Chu, J., Soil improvement for a storage yard using the combined vacuum and fill preloading method. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 42(4), 1094–1104, 2011.
  • Jamiolkowski, M., Lancellotta, R., & Wolski, W., Pre-compression and Speeding up Consolidation, General Report, In Proceedings of Eight European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 1201–1226, Balkema, Rotterdam, 1983.
  • Bergado, D. T., Anderson, L. R., Miura, N., & Balasubramaniam, A. S., Soft Ground Improvement, in Lowland and other Environments. ASCE Press, 1996.
  • Rixner, J. J., Kraemer, S. R., & Smith, A. D., Prefabricated vertical drains, Engineering Guidelines, Final Report, 1, Washington DC, 1986.
  • Holtz, R. D., Shang, J. Q., & Bergado, D. T., Soil improvement, Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering Handbook, Kluwer Academic Publishing, Norwell, USA, 2001.
  • Chai, J. C., Miura, N., Zhu, H. H., & Yudhbir, A., Compression and consolidation characteristics of structured natural clay. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 41(6), 1250–1258, 2004.
  • Barron, R. A., Consolidation of fine-grained soils by drain wells by drain wells. Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 113(1), 718–742, 1948.
  • Kjellman, W., Consolidation of clay soil by means of atmospheric pressure, Proc. Conf. on Soil Stabilization, M. I. T., 258–263, 1952. https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10008001454. Accessed 20 September 2021
  • Yoshikuni, H., & Nakanodo, H., Consolidation of soils by vertical drain wells with finite permeability. Soils and Foundations, 14(2), 35–46, 1974.
  • Onoue, A., Consolidation by vertical drains taking well resistance and smear into consideration. Soils and Foundations, 28(4), 165–174, 1988.
  • Zeng, G. X., & Xie, K. H., New development of the vertical drain theories, In 12th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 1435–1438, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 1989.
  • Hansbo, S., Consolidation of Fine-grained Soils by Prefabricated Drains, In Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 677–682, Stockholm, 1981.
  • Hird, C. C., Pyrah, I. C., & Russell, D., Finite element modelling of vertical drains beneath embankments on soft ground. Geotechnique, 42(3), 499–511, 1992.
  • Indraratna, B., & Redana, I. W., Plane-Strain modeling of smear effects associated with vertical drains. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 123(5), 474–478, 1997.
  • Borges, J. L., Geosynthetic-reinforced embankments on soft soils. Analysis and design, University of Porto, 1995.
  • Quaresma, M. G., Behaviour and modelling of an embankment over soft soils reinforced by geotextile, Universite Joseph Fourier, Grenoble I, 1992.
  • Yeo, K. C., Simplified foundation data to predictors, In Proceedings of the prediction symposium on a reinforced embankment on soft ground, King’s College, London, UK, 1986.
  • Shen, S. L., Chai, J. C., Hong, Z. S., & Cai, F. X., Analysis of field performance of embankments on soft clay deposit with and without PVD-improvement. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 23(6), 463–485, 2005.
  • Chai, J. C., Carter, J. P., & Hayashi, S., Vacuum consolidation and its combination with embankment loading. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 43(10), 985–996, 2006.
  • Ong, C.-Y., & Chai, J.-C., Lateral displacement of soft ground under vacuum pressure and surcharge load. Frontiers of Architecture and Civil Engineering in China, 5(2), 239–248, 2011.
  • Chai, J., & Rondonuwu, S. G., Surcharge loading rate for minimizing lateral displacement of PVD improved deposit with vacuum pressure. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 43(6), 558–566, 2015.
  • Lo, S. R., Mak, J., Gnanendran, C. T., Zhang, R., & Manivannan, G., Long-term performance of a wide embankment on soft clay improved with prefabricated vertical drains. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 45(8), 1073–1091, 2008.
  • Akan, R., Sert, S., & Bol, E., Killi Zeminler Üzerindeki Yol Dolgularında Konsolidasyonun Hızlandırılması, In 6th International Symposium on Innovative Technologies in Engineering Science, 9-11 November. Alanya, Antalya, Turkey, 2018.
  • Wang, J., Gao, Z., Fu, H., Ding, G., Cai, Y., Geng, X., & Shi, C., Effect of surcharge loading rate and mobilized load ratio on the performance of vacuum–surcharge preloading with PVDs. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 47(2), 121–127, 2019.
  • Kaisarta, A. M., & Ilyas, T., Finite element modeling of soil improvement using vacuum consolidation with vertical drain method (Case study: Apartment project, Tangerang), In International Conference on Science, Technology, and Environment, 59–66, Surabaya, 2020.
  • Zhafirah, A., Permana, S., Daris, M., & Yogawsara, D., Comparative analysis of soft soil consolidation time due to improvement using prefabricated vertical drain. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1098(2), 022056, 2021.
  • Nguyen, T. N., Shukla, S. K., Dang, P. H., Lam, L. G., Khatir, S., & Cuong-Le, T., Numerical modeling of prefabricated vertical drain with vacuum consolidation technique. Transportation Infrastructure Geotechnology, 2021.
  • Nguyen, T., Bergado, D., Kikumoto, M., Dang, P., Chaiyaput, S., & Nguyen, P., A simple solution for prefabricated vertical drain with surcharge preloading combined with vacuum consolidation. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 49, 304–322, 2021.
  • Syahril, S., The effect of soft clay improvement using prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) for rigid pavement structure. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1098(2), 022063, 2021.
  • Tigdemir, M., Jafarzadyeganeh, M., Bayrak, M. Ç., Avcar, M., Numerical modelling of wheel on the snow. International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 10(2), 64–72, 2018.
  • Bayrak, M. Ç., Avcar, M., Finite element modeling of receding contact problem. International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 11(4), 468–475, 2019.
  • Mercan, K., Civalek, Ö., Modal analysis of micro and nanowires using finite element softwares. International Journal Of Engineering & Applied Sciences, 10(4), 291–304, 2019.
Year 2021, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 93 - 105, 09.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.24107/ijeas.1002115

Abstract

References

  • Zhou, W., Hong, H. P., & Shang, J. Q., Probabilistic design method of prefabricated vertical drains for soil improvement. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 125(8), 659–664, 1999. Mitchell, J. K., Soil Improvement — State-of-the Art Report, 10th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 4, 509–565, 1981.
  • Shang, J. Q., Tang, M., & Miao, Z., Vacuum preloading consolidation of reclaimed land: a case study. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 35(5), 740–749, 1998.
  • Yan, S.-W., & Chu, J., Soil improvement for a storage yard using the combined vacuum and fill preloading method. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 42(4), 1094–1104, 2011.
  • Jamiolkowski, M., Lancellotta, R., & Wolski, W., Pre-compression and Speeding up Consolidation, General Report, In Proceedings of Eight European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 1201–1226, Balkema, Rotterdam, 1983.
  • Bergado, D. T., Anderson, L. R., Miura, N., & Balasubramaniam, A. S., Soft Ground Improvement, in Lowland and other Environments. ASCE Press, 1996.
  • Rixner, J. J., Kraemer, S. R., & Smith, A. D., Prefabricated vertical drains, Engineering Guidelines, Final Report, 1, Washington DC, 1986.
  • Holtz, R. D., Shang, J. Q., & Bergado, D. T., Soil improvement, Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering Handbook, Kluwer Academic Publishing, Norwell, USA, 2001.
  • Chai, J. C., Miura, N., Zhu, H. H., & Yudhbir, A., Compression and consolidation characteristics of structured natural clay. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 41(6), 1250–1258, 2004.
  • Barron, R. A., Consolidation of fine-grained soils by drain wells by drain wells. Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 113(1), 718–742, 1948.
  • Kjellman, W., Consolidation of clay soil by means of atmospheric pressure, Proc. Conf. on Soil Stabilization, M. I. T., 258–263, 1952. https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10008001454. Accessed 20 September 2021
  • Yoshikuni, H., & Nakanodo, H., Consolidation of soils by vertical drain wells with finite permeability. Soils and Foundations, 14(2), 35–46, 1974.
  • Onoue, A., Consolidation by vertical drains taking well resistance and smear into consideration. Soils and Foundations, 28(4), 165–174, 1988.
  • Zeng, G. X., & Xie, K. H., New development of the vertical drain theories, In 12th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 1435–1438, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 1989.
  • Hansbo, S., Consolidation of Fine-grained Soils by Prefabricated Drains, In Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 677–682, Stockholm, 1981.
  • Hird, C. C., Pyrah, I. C., & Russell, D., Finite element modelling of vertical drains beneath embankments on soft ground. Geotechnique, 42(3), 499–511, 1992.
  • Indraratna, B., & Redana, I. W., Plane-Strain modeling of smear effects associated with vertical drains. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 123(5), 474–478, 1997.
  • Borges, J. L., Geosynthetic-reinforced embankments on soft soils. Analysis and design, University of Porto, 1995.
  • Quaresma, M. G., Behaviour and modelling of an embankment over soft soils reinforced by geotextile, Universite Joseph Fourier, Grenoble I, 1992.
  • Yeo, K. C., Simplified foundation data to predictors, In Proceedings of the prediction symposium on a reinforced embankment on soft ground, King’s College, London, UK, 1986.
  • Shen, S. L., Chai, J. C., Hong, Z. S., & Cai, F. X., Analysis of field performance of embankments on soft clay deposit with and without PVD-improvement. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 23(6), 463–485, 2005.
  • Chai, J. C., Carter, J. P., & Hayashi, S., Vacuum consolidation and its combination with embankment loading. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 43(10), 985–996, 2006.
  • Ong, C.-Y., & Chai, J.-C., Lateral displacement of soft ground under vacuum pressure and surcharge load. Frontiers of Architecture and Civil Engineering in China, 5(2), 239–248, 2011.
  • Chai, J., & Rondonuwu, S. G., Surcharge loading rate for minimizing lateral displacement of PVD improved deposit with vacuum pressure. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 43(6), 558–566, 2015.
  • Lo, S. R., Mak, J., Gnanendran, C. T., Zhang, R., & Manivannan, G., Long-term performance of a wide embankment on soft clay improved with prefabricated vertical drains. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 45(8), 1073–1091, 2008.
  • Akan, R., Sert, S., & Bol, E., Killi Zeminler Üzerindeki Yol Dolgularında Konsolidasyonun Hızlandırılması, In 6th International Symposium on Innovative Technologies in Engineering Science, 9-11 November. Alanya, Antalya, Turkey, 2018.
  • Wang, J., Gao, Z., Fu, H., Ding, G., Cai, Y., Geng, X., & Shi, C., Effect of surcharge loading rate and mobilized load ratio on the performance of vacuum–surcharge preloading with PVDs. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 47(2), 121–127, 2019.
  • Kaisarta, A. M., & Ilyas, T., Finite element modeling of soil improvement using vacuum consolidation with vertical drain method (Case study: Apartment project, Tangerang), In International Conference on Science, Technology, and Environment, 59–66, Surabaya, 2020.
  • Zhafirah, A., Permana, S., Daris, M., & Yogawsara, D., Comparative analysis of soft soil consolidation time due to improvement using prefabricated vertical drain. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1098(2), 022056, 2021.
  • Nguyen, T. N., Shukla, S. K., Dang, P. H., Lam, L. G., Khatir, S., & Cuong-Le, T., Numerical modeling of prefabricated vertical drain with vacuum consolidation technique. Transportation Infrastructure Geotechnology, 2021.
  • Nguyen, T., Bergado, D., Kikumoto, M., Dang, P., Chaiyaput, S., & Nguyen, P., A simple solution for prefabricated vertical drain with surcharge preloading combined with vacuum consolidation. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 49, 304–322, 2021.
  • Syahril, S., The effect of soft clay improvement using prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) for rigid pavement structure. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1098(2), 022063, 2021.
  • Tigdemir, M., Jafarzadyeganeh, M., Bayrak, M. Ç., Avcar, M., Numerical modelling of wheel on the snow. International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 10(2), 64–72, 2018.
  • Bayrak, M. Ç., Avcar, M., Finite element modeling of receding contact problem. International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 11(4), 468–475, 2019.
  • Mercan, K., Civalek, Ö., Modal analysis of micro and nanowires using finite element softwares. International Journal Of Engineering & Applied Sciences, 10(4), 291–304, 2019.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Recep Akan 0000-0002-9277-1659

Sedat Sert 0000-0002-4114-6132

Publication Date December 9, 2021
Acceptance Date November 10, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 13 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Akan, R., & Sert, S. (2021). Investigation of the Consolidation Behavior of Soft Soil Improved with Vertical Drains by Finite Element Method. International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 13(3), 93-105. https://doi.org/10.24107/ijeas.1002115
AMA Akan R, Sert S. Investigation of the Consolidation Behavior of Soft Soil Improved with Vertical Drains by Finite Element Method. IJEAS. December 2021;13(3):93-105. doi:10.24107/ijeas.1002115
Chicago Akan, Recep, and Sedat Sert. “Investigation of the Consolidation Behavior of Soft Soil Improved With Vertical Drains by Finite Element Method”. International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 13, no. 3 (December 2021): 93-105. https://doi.org/10.24107/ijeas.1002115.
EndNote Akan R, Sert S (December 1, 2021) Investigation of the Consolidation Behavior of Soft Soil Improved with Vertical Drains by Finite Element Method. International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 13 3 93–105.
IEEE R. Akan and S. Sert, “Investigation of the Consolidation Behavior of Soft Soil Improved with Vertical Drains by Finite Element Method”, IJEAS, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 93–105, 2021, doi: 10.24107/ijeas.1002115.
ISNAD Akan, Recep - Sert, Sedat. “Investigation of the Consolidation Behavior of Soft Soil Improved With Vertical Drains by Finite Element Method”. International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 13/3 (December 2021), 93-105. https://doi.org/10.24107/ijeas.1002115.
JAMA Akan R, Sert S. Investigation of the Consolidation Behavior of Soft Soil Improved with Vertical Drains by Finite Element Method. IJEAS. 2021;13:93–105.
MLA Akan, Recep and Sedat Sert. “Investigation of the Consolidation Behavior of Soft Soil Improved With Vertical Drains by Finite Element Method”. International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, vol. 13, no. 3, 2021, pp. 93-105, doi:10.24107/ijeas.1002115.
Vancouver Akan R, Sert S. Investigation of the Consolidation Behavior of Soft Soil Improved with Vertical Drains by Finite Element Method. IJEAS. 2021;13(3):93-105.

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