Determination of Reactions of Some Resistant Sugar Beet Varieties against Rhizoctonia spp.

Abstract

Fungal diseases causing rotting of seedlings and roots on sugar-beet are one of the major problems for significant yield and quality losses. In Turkey, Konya region is an important sugar-beet production area with approximately 35.5% of Turkey production. In recent years, there has been significant increases in yield losses caused by root rot and damping-off in the Konya region. Resistant sugar beet variety reaction studies were tested against AG-2-2-IIIB, AG-4-HGI, AG-4-HGII, AG-4-HGIII, AG-A and AG-K isolates identified from Rhizoctonia spp., which cause sugar beet crown and root rot in Konya region, during the growing periods of 2015-2017. In this study, 10 resistant sugarbeet varieties and anastomosis groups of the isolates with the highest virulence above 50% were selected and each of them was tested by using an inoculum layer technique in the pot experiments. Cultivation of resistant sugar-beet varieties is part of an integrated management with Rhizoctonia root rot. As a result, no effective resistant varieties for multinucleate Rhizoctonia have been detected whereas binucleate Rhizoctonia with lower virulence, Iguana, Valentina, Eldorado, Rodeo, Lider and 5K614 varieties for AG-A, Lider and Valentina varieties for AG-K have been determined as high resistant.

Keywords

• Beta vulgaris
• damping-off
• resistant varieties
• Rhizoctonia spp.
• artificial inoculation

Bazı Dayanıklı Şeker Pancarı Çeşitlerinin Rhizoctonia spp.’ye Karşı Reaksiyonlarının Belirlenmesi

Öz

Şeker pancarında fide ve kök çürüklüklerine sebep olan fungal hastalıklar, bu bitkide önemli verim ve kalite kayıplarına sebep olmaktadır. Ülkemizde Konya bölgesi, şeker pancarı üretim alanlarının yaklaşık %35.5'ini elinde tutan önemli bir şeker pancarı üretim alanıdır. Son yıllarda Konya bölgesinde kök çürümesi ve çökertenin meydana getirdiği verim kayıplarında önemli artışlar meydana gelmiştir. Çeşit reaksiyon çalışmaları, 2015-2017 büyüme dönemlerinde, Konya bölgesinde şeker pancarı taç ve kök çürüklüğüne neden olan Rhizoctonia spp.’lerden tespiti yapılan AG-2-2-IIIB, AG-4-HGI, AG-4-HGII, AG-4-HGIII, AG-A ve AG-K izolatlarına karşı denenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, 10 dirençli şeker pancarı çeşidi ve izolatların anastomosis grupları belirlenen ve tüm AG'leri temsil eden %50'nin üzerinde en yüksek virülansa sahip izolatlarından birer adet seçilerek, saksı denemelerinde inokulum tabaka tekniği kullanılarak denemeye tabi tutulmuştur. Dayanıklı şeker pancarı çeşitleri, Rhizoctonia kök çürüklüğü ile entegre bir yönetimin parçasıdır. Denemeler sonucunda çok çekirdekli Rhizoctonia izolatlarında inokulum seviyesinin ve patojenin yüksek olan virülensliğinin de etkisi sonucu, çeşitlerde bir dayanıklılık tespit edilmemiştir.Virülensliği daha düşük olan iki çekirdekli Rhizoctonia’lar da ise AG-A için Iguana, Valentina, Eldorado, Rodeo, Lider ve 5K614 çeşitleri, AG-K için ise Lider ve Valentina çeşitleri yüksek dayanıklı olarak belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Beta vulgaris
• Çökerten
• Dayanıklı çeşitler
• Rhizoctonia spp.
• Yapay inokülasyon

References

1. Abbott, W. S. (1925). A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 18:265–267.
2. Ajayi-Oyetunde, O. O., ve Bradley, C. A. (2017). Identification and characterization of Rhizoctonia species associated with soybean seedling disease. Plant Disease, 101(4), 520–533.
3. Anonim (2017). T.C. Şeker Kurumu 2016 Yılı Faaliyet Raporu. 26.05.2017 Ankara.
4. Avan, M. (2020). Konya bölgesi şeker pancarı ekim alanlarında görülen Rhizoctonia türlerinin karakterizasyonu ve mücadelesi üzerine araştırmalar (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara
5. Berdugo, C., Hillnhütter, C., Sikora, R. ve Oerke, E. C. (2012). A Resistance Bioassay for Rhizoctonia Root and Crown Rot and Damping-off Caused by the Anastomosis Groups AG 2-2IIIB and AG 4 in Sugar Beet. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. A, 2(3A), 294.
6. Buddemeyer, J., ve Märländer, B. (2004). Integrated control of crown rot in sugar beet roots (Rhizoctonia solani Kühn) – the impact of tillage factors, crop rotation, and selection of varieties, including maize. Zuckerindustrie, 129, 799-809.
7. Büttner, G., Pfähler, B., ve Märländer, B. (2004). Greenhouse and field techniques for testing sugar beet for resistance to Rhizoctonia root and crown rot. Plant breeding, 123(2), 158-166.
8. Carling, D. E., Baird, R. E., Gitaitis, R. D., Brainard, K. A. ve Kuninaga, S. (2002). Characterization of AG-13 a newly reported anastomosis group of Rhizoctonia solani. Phytopathology, 92(8), 893–899.

9. Dhingra, O. D., ve Sinclair, J. B. (1995). Basic Plant Pathology Methods. 2nd edn. CRC Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, London.
10. Dong, W. H., Li, Y. Q., Duan, C. F., Li, X. G., Naito, S., Conner, R. L., vd. (2017). Identification of AG-V, a new anastomosis group of binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. from taro and ginger in Yunnan province. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 148(4), 895–906.
11. Engelkes, C. A., ve Windels, C. E. (1996). Susceptibility of sugar beetand beans to Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-2 IIIb and AG-2-2 IV. Plant Disease, 80, 1413-1417.
12. FAOSTAT, (2019). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [online]. Website http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/visualize (accessed on 12.12.2019).
13. García, V.G., Portal Onco, M. A. ve Susan, V. R. (2006). Review. Biology and Systematics of the form genus Rhizoctonia. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 4(1), 55-79.
14. González Garcia, V., Portal Onco, M. A., ve Rubio Susan, V. (2006). Review. Biology and systematics of the form genus Rhizoctonia. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 4, 55–79.
15. Halloin, J. M., ve Johnson, D. J. (2000). Reduction of sugarbeet losses from Rhizoctonia crown and root rot by use of mixtures of resistant and susceptible varieties. Phytopathology, 90.
16. Hanson, L. E. (2006). First report of Fusarium yellows of sugar beet caused by Fusarium oxysporum in Michigan, Plant Disease, 90, 1554.
17. Herr, L. J., ve Roberts, D. L. (1980). Characterization of Rhizoctonia populations obtained from sugarbeet fields with differing soil textures. Phytopathology, 70(6), 476-480.
18. Herr, L. J. (1996). Sugar beet disease incited by Rhizoctonia solani spp. In Rhizoctonia Species: Taxonomy, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Pathology and Disease Control, 341-349. Kluwer Academic Publ., The Netherlands.
19. Ogoshi, A. (1987). Ecology and pathogenicity of anastomosis and intraspecific groups of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 25, 125–143.
20. Pierson, V. G., ve Gaskill, J. O. (1961). Artificial exposure of sugar beets to Rhizoctonia solani. Journal of the American Society of Sugar Beet Technologists, 11, 574-590.
21. Scholten, O. E., Panella, L. W., De Bock, T. S. M., ve Lange, W. (2001). A greenhouse test for screening sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) for resistance to Rhizoctonia solani. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 107, 161-166.
22. Townsend, G. K., ve Heuberger, J. W. (1943). Methods for estimating losses caused by diseases in fungicide experiments. Plant Disease Report, 27, 340-343.
23. Wang, P. P., ve Wu, X. H. (2012). First report of sugar beet seedling damping-off caused by binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-A in China. Plant disease, 96(11), 1696-1696.
24. Windels, C. E. ve Nabben, D. J. (1989). Characterization and pathogenicity of anastomosis groups of Rhizoctonia solani isolated from Beta vulgaris. Phytopathology, 79(1), 83-88.
25. Yang, Y. G., Zhao, C., Guo, Z. J. ve Wu, X. H. (2015a). Anastomosis group and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani associated with stem canker and black scurf of potato in China. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 143(1), 99–111.
26. Yang, Y. G., Zhao, C., Guo, Z. J. ve Wu, X. H. (2015b). Characterization of a new anastomosis group (AG-W) of binucleate Rhizoctonia, causal agent for potato stem canker. Plant Disease, 99(12), 1757–1763.
27. Zhao, C., Li, Y., Wu, S., Wang, P., Han, C., ve Wu, X. (2019). Anastomosis group and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia spp. associated with seedling damping-off of sugar beet in China. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 153(3), 869-878.