Effect of Fertilizer Applications on Drough Tolerance of Sunflower

Year 2019, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 228 - 235, 15.12.2019

Uğur Sevilmiş Deniz Sevilmiş

Abstract

The most cultivated oilseed
crop in Turkey is sunflower (Helianthus
annuus L.). Sunflower, which is a moderately resistant crop to drought, is
produced both in rainfed and irrigated conditions in Turkey. Drought in rainfed
conditions results with a decrease in grain and oil production of this species.
Different management strategies have been proposed to improve drought
tolerance. One of them is increasing the fertilization level in dry conditions,
which has been proposed to eliminate the nutrient deficiency and increase the
yield by increasing the nutrient uptake from soil in dry conditions.
Interestingly, contrary to this situation, in Çukurova region, where sunflower
production is carried out only under rainfall conditions, farmers prefer to
crop wheat with fertilizer application when fertilizer prices are low but they
shift to crop sunflower without fertilization when fertilizer prices are high. In
this review, international studies on sunflower fertilization under drought
stress was analysed in detail and recommendations were proposed for rainfed
sunflower production zones of Turkey.

Keywords

Drought, Sunflower, Fertilizer, Nutrient Uptake

Gübre Uygulamalarının Ayçiçeğinin Kuraklık Toleransına Etkisi

Abstract

Türkiye’de
üretimi en çok yapılan yağlı tohumlu bitki türü ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.)’dir. Kuraklığa orta derecede dayanıklı bir
tür olan ayçiçeğinin Türkiye’de üretimi hem sulu hem de yağışa dayalı
koşullarda yapılmaktadır. Yağışa dayalı koşullardaki kuraklık, bu türün tohum
ve yağ üretiminde azalmaya neden olmaktadır. Kuraklık toleransını iyileştirmek
için farklı yönetim stratejileri önerilmiştir. Bunlardan biri olan kurak
koşullarda gübreleme düzeyinin artırılması uygulaması, kuru topraklarda
topraktan besin elementi alımının ciddi düzeyde düşmesi durumunda ortaya çıkan
besin eksikliğini gidermek ve verimi artırmak için önerilmiştir. İlginç bir
şekilde bu duruma ters bir şekilde, ayçiçeği üretiminin sadece yağışa dayalı
koşullarda yapıldığı Çukurova’da çiftçilerin, gübre fiyatlarının düşük olduğu
yıllarda buğday ekip gübreleme yapması, gübre fiyatlarının yüksek olduğu
yıllarda ayçiçeği ekip gübrelemeden kaçınması yaygın bir davranıştır. Bu
derlemede, kuraklık stresi altında ayçiçeği gübrelemesi konusunda uluslararası
alanda yapılmış çalışmaların detaylı bir incelemesi yapılmış ve Türkiye’deki
yağışa dayalı ayçiçeği üretim sahalarında için tavsiyelerde bulunulmuştur.

Keywords

Kuraklık, Ayçiçeği, Gübre, Besin Elementi Alımı

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