Optimizing the Tilt Angle of Solar Panels to Reduce Carbon Footprint: Case for The West Mediterranean Region of Turkey

Year 2019, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 10 - 15, 04.02.2019

Zuhal Akyürek , Ali Özhan Akyüz , Afşin Güngör

Abstract

Carbon
footprint is a term used to express the lasting effect of human consumption activities
on nature. A carbon footprint is often defined as CO₂ or equivalent
greenhouse gas emitted as a result of an activity or process associated with a
product, service or region. The carbon footprint account is one of the most
interesting researches in recent years. In this study, the optimal choice of
the tilt angle for the solar panels in order to collect the maximum solar
irradiation is investigated in order to reduce the carbon footprint in West
Mediterranean Region of Turkey.

Keywords

Solar energy, Tilt angle, Carbon footprint, Turkey

Karbon Ayak izini Azaltmak için Güneş Panellerinin Eğim Açısının Optimizasyonu: Türkiye'nin Batı Akdeniz Bölgesi Örneği

Abstract

Karbon ayak izi, insan tüketimi faaliyetlerinin doğaya kalıcı
etkisini ifade etmek için kullanılan bir terimdir. Bir karbon ayak izi
genellikle bir ürün, hizmet veya bölge ile bağlantılı bir faaliyet veya işlem
sonucunda yayılan CO2 veya eşdeğer sera gazı olarak tanımlanır. Karbon ayak izi
hesabı, son yıllarda en ilginç araştırmalardan biridir. Bu çalışmada,
Türkiye’nin Batı Akdeniz Bölgesi’ndeki karbon ayak izini azaltmak amacıyla,
maksimum güneş ışığını toplamak için güneş panelleri için eğim açısının en uygun
seçimi incelenmiştir.

Keywords

Güneş enerjisi, Eğim Açısı, Karbon ayak izi, Türkiye

References

• Bakirci K. (2009). A simple calculation method for estimation of instantaneous global solar radiation on horizontal surface. Journal of Thermal Science and Technology 29:53–8.
• Bakirci. K. (2009). Correlations for estimation of daily global solar radiation with hours of bright sunshine in Turkey. Energy 34:485–501.
• Bakirci K. (2012). General models for optimum tilt angles of solar panels: Turkey case study. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16: 6149-59.
• Beckman, W., Duffie, J. (1980). Solar engineering of thermal processes. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley and Sons.
• Benghanem, M. (2011) Optimization of tilt angle for solar panel: case study for Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Applied Energy 88(4):1427–33.
• Despotovic, M. and Nedic, V. (2015). Comparison of optimum tilt angles of solar collectors determined at yearly, seasonal and monthly levels. Energy Conversion and Management 97: 121-31.
• Garni, H.A., Awasthi, A., Wright, D. (2019) Optimal orientation angles for maximizing energy yield for solar PV in Saudi Arabia, Renewable Energy 133, 538-50.
• Ghosh, H.R., Bhowmik, N.C., Hussain, M. (2010). Determining seasonal optimum tilt angles, solar radiations on variously oriented, single and double axis tracking surfaces at Dhaka. Renewable Energy 35(6):1292–7.
• Gunerhan, H., Hepbasli, A. (2007). Determination of the optimum tilt angle of solar collectors for building applications. Building and Environment 42:779–83.Jones, C.M., and Kammen, D.M. (2011). Quantifying carbon footprint reduction opportunities for U.S. households and communities. Environmental Science and Technology 45 (9): 4088-4095.
• Kaldellis, J., Zafirakis, D. (2012) Experimental investigation of the optimum photovoltaic panels tilt angle during the summer period. Energy 38(1): 305–14.
• Kitzes, J., Peller, A., Goldfinger, S., Wackernagel, M. (2007). Current methods for calculating national ecological footprints accounts. Science for Environment and Sustainable Society 4 (1): 1-9.
• Kitzes, J., Galli, A., Rizk, S.M., Reed, A., Wackernagel, M. (2008). Guidebook to the national footprint accounts. Global Footprint Network. Oakland.
• Kumar, A. and Chandel, S.S. (2013). Tilt angle optimization to maximize incident solar radiation: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 23: 503-13.
• Lave, M., Kleissl, J. (2011). Optimum fixed orientations and benefits of tracking for capturing solar radiation in the continental United States. Renewable Energy 36(3):1145–52.
• Liu, B., Jordan, R. (1962). Daily insolation on surfaces tilted towards the equator. Trans ASHRAE, 67.
• Lubitz, W.D. (2011). Effect of manual tilt adjustments on incident irradiance on fixed and tracking solar panels. Applied Energy 88(5):1710–9.
• Lynas M. (2009) Carbon footprint, Harper Collins Publishers, Glasgow.
• Maatallah, T., El Alimi, S., Nassrallah, S.B. (2011). Performance modeling and investigation of fixed, single and dual-axis tracking photovoltaic panel in Monastir city, Tunisia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15(8): 4053–66.
• Mattila, T., Kujanpaa, M., Dahlbo, H., Soukka, R., Myllymaa, T. (2011). Uncertainty and sensitivity in the carbon footprint of shopping bags. Journal of Industrial Ecology 15 (2), 217-227.
• Mehleri, E.D., Zervas, P.L., Sarimveis, H., Palyvos, J.A., Markatos, N.C. (2010). Determination of the optimal tilt angle and orientation for solar photovoltaic arrays. Renewable Energy 35(11):2468–75.
• Moghadam, H., Tabrizi, F.F., Sharak, A.Z. (2011). Optimization of solar flat collector inclination. Desalination 265: 107–11.
• Sampaio, P.V.G. and Gonzalez, M.O.A. (2017). Photovoltaic solar energy: Conceptual framework. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 74: 590-601.
• Siraki, A.G., Pillay, P. (2012). Study of optimum tilt angles for solar panels in different latitudes for urban applications. Solar Energy 86(6):1920–8.
• Tang, R., Tong, W. (2004). Optimal tilt-angles for solar collectors used in China. Applied Energy, 2004; 79: 239–48.
• Tiris, M., Tiris, C., Ture, I.E. (1996). Correlations of monthly-average daily global, diffuse and beam radiations with hours of bright sunshine in Gebze, Turkey. Energy Conversion and Management 37(9):1417–21.
• Ulgen, K., Hepbasli, A. (2003). Comparison of the diffuse fraction of daily and monthly global radiation for Izmir, Turkey. Energy Sources 25:637–49.
• Wiedmann, T. and Minx, J. (2008). A definition of 'carbon footprint. Hauppauge NY: Nova Science Publishers.
• World Wildlife Fund 2018. http://www.wwf.org/
• Xu, R., Ni, K., Hu, Y., Si, J., Wen, H., Yu, D. (2017). Analysis of the optimum tilt angle for a soiled PV panel. Energy Conversion and Management 148: 100-9.
• Zuhairy, A.A., Sayigh, A.A.M. (1995). Simulation and modeling of solar radiation in Saudi Arabia. Renewable Energy 6(2):107–18.