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Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in Portugal

Year 2015, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 475 - 481, 01.06.2015

Abstract

This paper provides empirical evidence of an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for Portugal by applying autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach from 1971 to 2008. In order to capture Portugal’s historical experience, demographic changes and international trade on carbon emissions, we augment the traditional income-emissions model with variables such as energy consumption, urbanization, and trade openness in time series framework. Empirical results confirm the evidence of EKC hypothesis in both the short-run and long-run. All variables carry the expected signs except trade openness. Despite the success of Portugal in containing CO2 emissions so far, it is important to note that in recent years, carbon emissions have risen. In order to comply with the 1992 Kyoto Protocol on CO2 emissions, there is need for policies that focus on the sectors responsible for CO2 emissions.

Year 2015, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 475 - 481, 01.06.2015

Abstract

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Details

Other ID JA79MZ68PR
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Muhammad Shahbaz This is me

Smile Dube This is me

Ilhan Ozturk This is me

Abdul Jalil This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Shahbaz, M., Dube, S., Ozturk, I., Jalil, A. (2015). Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in Portugal. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 5(2), 475-481.
AMA Shahbaz M, Dube S, Ozturk I, Jalil A. Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in Portugal. IJEEP. June 2015;5(2):475-481.
Chicago Shahbaz, Muhammad, Smile Dube, Ilhan Ozturk, and Abdul Jalil. “Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in Portugal”. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 5, no. 2 (June 2015): 475-81.
EndNote Shahbaz M, Dube S, Ozturk I, Jalil A (June 1, 2015) Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in Portugal. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 5 2 475–481.
IEEE M. Shahbaz, S. Dube, I. Ozturk, and A. Jalil, “Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in Portugal”, IJEEP, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 475–481, 2015.
ISNAD Shahbaz, Muhammad et al. “Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in Portugal”. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 5/2 (June 2015), 475-481.
JAMA Shahbaz M, Dube S, Ozturk I, Jalil A. Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in Portugal. IJEEP. 2015;5:475–481.
MLA Shahbaz, Muhammad et al. “Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in Portugal”. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, vol. 5, no. 2, 2015, pp. 475-81.
Vancouver Shahbaz M, Dube S, Ozturk I, Jalil A. Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in Portugal. IJEEP. 2015;5(2):475-81.