NUMERICAL AS INVESTIGATION OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION BY THERMOELECTRIC GENERATORS FROM PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS COOLED BY PASSIVE COOLING METHOD USING HEAT PIPES

Abstract

The temperature of the photovoltaic modules is at the ambient temperature at sunrise, and the cell temperature increases during the day depending on the radiation intensity and the active cooling system. This increase in cell temperature causes a loss of efficiency in the PV panel. For this reason, PV panels are being tried to be cooled by different methods. This study covers creating a hybrid PV panel system that can generate electricity by the Seebeck effect of thermoelectric generators while cooling the overheated photovoltaic panel. With the hybrid structure created, both prevent the efficiency decrease caused by overheating in photovoltaic panels and electricity generation with a thermoelectric generator while cooling PV panels were examined. In the study, the average temperature of the PV/T panel system without a thermoelectric module was 45℃, and the average temperature of the PV/T hybrid structure using thermoelectric was 47℃. The thermoelectric generator's hot and cold surface temperatures were tested at 43℃ and 42℃, respectively.

Keywords

• Thermoelectric generator
• Heat pipe
• PV panel
• Numerical analysis
• Hybrid PV panel

References

1. [1] G. Akın, “Küresel ısınma nedenleri ve sonuçlari,” 2006. [Online]. Available: www.cevreorman.gov.tr/
2. [2] İbadullayeva, J., Jumaniyazova, K., Azimzadeh, S., Canigür, S., & Ferhan, E. S. E. N. (2019). Çevre kirliliğinin insan sağlığı üzerindeki etkileri. Türk Tıp Öğrencileri Araştırma Dergisi, 1(3), 52-58.
3. [3] “Ceyhan, N., & Esmeray, E. (2012). Petrol kirliliği ve biyoremediasyon. Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi, (1), 95-101.
4. [4] L. F. Cabeza, A. Palacios, S. Serrano, D. Ürge-Vorsatz, and C. Barreneche, “Comparison of past projections of global and regional primary and final energy consumption with historical data,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 82, no. September, pp. 681–688, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.09.073.
5. [5] K. Li and B. Lin, “Impacts of urbanization and industrialization on energy consumption/CO2 emissions: Does the level of development matter?,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 52. Elsevier Ltd, pp. 1107–1122, Aug. 22, 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.185.
6. [6] Yılmaz, İlker, Mustafa İlbaş ve Şükrü Su (2003), ‘Türkiye Rüzgar Enerjisi Potansiyelinin Değerlendirilmesi’, Yeni ve Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları Sempozyumu, TMMOB, 3-4 Ekim 2003, Kayseri, ss. 399-401.
7. [7] İ. B. Kanlı and B. Kaplan, “Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının etkin kullanımı için bir model önerisi: şehir enerji kooperatifleri,” Siyaset, Ekonomi Ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 4, 2018.
8. [8] D. Zhang et al., “Present situation and future prospect of renewable energy in China,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 76, pp. 865–871, 2017, doi: 10.1016/J.RSER.2017.03.023.

9. [9] Photovoltaic Panel “https://www.dunyaenerji.org.tr/wpcontent/uploads/2018/04/Fotovoltaik PanelSecimi1.pdf’’, (accessed Apr. 13, 2023).
10. [10] Termoelektrik Hakkında, ‘’https://www.pau.edu.tr/termoelektrik/tr/sayfa/termoelektrik-modul’’, (accessed Apr. 13, 2023),” 2023.
11. [11] T. H. Kil et al., “A highly-efficient, concentrating-photovoltaic/thermoelectric hybrid generator,” Nano Energy, vol. 37, pp. 242–247, Jul. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.05.023.
12. [12] A. Yılancı, “Performance analysis of a photovoltaic panel cooled by thermoelectric effect,” Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 619–634, 2020, doi: 10.17341/gazimmfd.494485.
13. [13] M. Benghanem, A. A. Al-Mashraqi, and K. O. Daffallah, “Performance of solar cells using thermoelectric module in hot sites,” Renew Energy, vol. 89, pp. 51–59, Apr. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2015.12.011.
14. [14] W. G. J. H. M. van Sark, “Feasibility of photovoltaic - Thermoelectric hybrid modules,” Appl Energy, vol. 88, no. 8, pp. 2785–2790, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.02.008.
15. [15] X. Ju, C. Xu, Y. Hu, X. Han, G. Wei, and X. Du, “A review on the development of photovoltaic/concentrated solar power (PV-CSP) hybrid systems,” Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, vol. 161, pp. 305–327, Mar. 2017, doi: 10.1016/J.SOLMAT.2016.12.004.
16. [16] F. Bayrak, N. Abu-Hamdeh, K. A. Alnefaie, and H. F. Öztop, “A review on exergy analysis of solar electricity production,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 74, no. July, pp. 755–770, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.03.012.
17. [17] B. Acar, B. Acar, Ş. Baş, and Y. Mah Balıklar Kayasi Mevki, “Investigation of energy generation at test system designed by use of concentrated photo-voltaic panel and thermoelectric modules,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330224740
18. [18] G. Ömeroğlu, “Fotovoltaik - Termal (PV / T) sistemin sayısal (CFD) ve deneysel analizi,” Fırat Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 161–167, 2018.
19. [19] F. Bayrak, H. F. Oztop, and F. Selimefendigil, “Experimental study for the application of different cooling techniques in photovoltaic (PV) panels,” Energy Convers Manag, vol. 212, no. February, p. 112789, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112789.
20. [20] A. Makki, S. Omer, Y. Su, and H. Sabir, “Numerical investigation of heat pipe-based photovoltaic-thermoelectric generator (HP-PV/TEG) hybrid system,” Energy Convers Manag, vol. 112, pp. 274–287, Mar. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2015.12.069.
21. [21] Termoelektrik jeneratör kullanım sıcaklıkları, ‘’https://www.urhanshop.com/40x40mm-termoelektrik-jenerator-peltier-modulu-teg-yuksek-sicaklik-150-derece-u85333’’, (accessed Apr. 13, 2023).
22. [22] Ş. Erel, M. Akdaş, and M. Tugay, “Güneş Enerjisiyle Çalışan Bir Termoelektrik Jeneratörde Sıcaklık Faktörünün Etkisi,” Int.J.Eng.Research & Development, vol. 2, no. 1, 2010.
23. [23] R. Kayabaşi and M. Kaya, “Fotovoltaik Modüllerde Faz Değiştiren Madde Kullanımı ve Verimlerine Etkisi,” Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 262–278, 2020, doi: 10.29109/gujsc.642254.