EN
The Impact of Kyoto Protocol on Environment Quality in the Free Trade Era: The Case of G20 Countries
Abstract
The impact of trade openness on environment is not easy to be figured out. The scale and technique effects of trade tend to have opposite direction, while the composition effect depends on the “comparative advantage” of a country. One way to avoid the world’s emission level is the ratification of Kyoto Protocol in 1997. This study aims to analyze the impact of trade openness and Kyoto Protocol on CO2 emission level. This research employs macroeconomics data in G20 countries from 1996 to 2008 by using OLS with gravity instrument variable model from G20 countries trade flows. The estimation results indicate that trade openness has positive and significant effect on CO2 emissions level. Meanwhile, Kyoto Protocol has insignificant effect on CO2 emissions level, thereby signifying the ineffectiveness of the Protocol’s implementation.
Keywords
Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
-
Journal Section
-
Publication Date
September 1, 2017
Submission Date
September 1, 2017
Acceptance Date
-
Published in Issue
Year 2017 Volume: 7 Number: 3
APA
Buanawaty, P., & Hastiadi, F. F. (2017). The Impact of Kyoto Protocol on Environment Quality in the Free Trade Era: The Case of G20 Countries. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7(3), 36-42. https://izlik.org/JA38YZ94XM
AMA
1.Buanawaty P, Hastiadi FF. The Impact of Kyoto Protocol on Environment Quality in the Free Trade Era: The Case of G20 Countries. IJEFI. 2017;7(3):36-42. https://izlik.org/JA38YZ94XM
Chicago
Buanawaty, Puspaning, and Fithra Faisal Hastiadi. 2017. “The Impact of Kyoto Protocol on Environment Quality in the Free Trade Era: The Case of G20 Countries”. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues 7 (3): 36-42. https://izlik.org/JA38YZ94XM.
EndNote
Buanawaty P, Hastiadi FF (September 1, 2017) The Impact of Kyoto Protocol on Environment Quality in the Free Trade Era: The Case of G20 Countries. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues 7 3 36–42.
IEEE
[1]P. Buanawaty and F. F. Hastiadi, “The Impact of Kyoto Protocol on Environment Quality in the Free Trade Era: The Case of G20 Countries”, IJEFI, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 36–42, Sept. 2017, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA38YZ94XM
ISNAD
Buanawaty, Puspaning - Hastiadi, Fithra Faisal. “The Impact of Kyoto Protocol on Environment Quality in the Free Trade Era: The Case of G20 Countries”. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues 7/3 (September 1, 2017): 36-42. https://izlik.org/JA38YZ94XM.
JAMA
1.Buanawaty P, Hastiadi FF. The Impact of Kyoto Protocol on Environment Quality in the Free Trade Era: The Case of G20 Countries. IJEFI. 2017;7:36–42.
MLA
Buanawaty, Puspaning, and Fithra Faisal Hastiadi. “The Impact of Kyoto Protocol on Environment Quality in the Free Trade Era: The Case of G20 Countries”. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, vol. 7, no. 3, Sept. 2017, pp. 36-42, https://izlik.org/JA38YZ94XM.
Vancouver
1.Puspaning Buanawaty, Fithra Faisal Hastiadi. The Impact of Kyoto Protocol on Environment Quality in the Free Trade Era: The Case of G20 Countries. IJEFI [Internet]. 2017 Sep. 1;7(3):36-42. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA38YZ94XM