FACTORS DETERMINING TAXPAYERS’ PERCEPTION TOWARDS TAX FAIRNESS: THE STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL FOR TURKEY
Year 2015,
Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 17 - 38, 01.06.2015
Filiz Giray
Adnan Gerçek
Cansu Aydoğdu
Abstract
Tax noncompliance is a significant problem that should be researched given changing tax views of taxes. Tax compliance is a complex issue and can be explained by both economic and social factors. Perceptions of fairness have played an important role in taxpayers’ voluntary tax compliance. This exploratory study investigated the relationship between tax compliance and fairness from the point of view of taxpayers’ perception of tax fairness and the factors determining tax fairness. Using survey data collected from 481 taxpayers, this relationship was found using a structural equation model with Turkey as the sample country. We found that perceived fairness in the tax system depends on the structure of the tax system, interaction with the tax administration, inefficiency in the tax system, tax morale and the using of public expenditures
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Year 2015,
Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 17 - 38, 01.06.2015
Filiz Giray
Adnan Gerçek
Cansu Aydoğdu
References
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- Alm, J., T. Cherry, M. Jones, M. Mckee (2010), “Taxpayer Information
- Assistance Services and Tax Compliance Behavior”, Journal of Economic Psychology, Vol. 31, pp. 577-586. Allingham, M.G. & A. Sandmo (1972), “Income Tax Evasion: A Theoretical
- Analysis”, Journal of Public Economics, Vol.1, pp.323-338. Andreoni J., Erard B. Feinstein Js (1998), “Tax Compliance”, Journal of
- Economic Literature, Vol. 36, No.2, pp.818–860. Ayres, I. & J. Braithwaite (1992), Responsive Regulation: Transcending the Deregulation Debate, New York: Oxford University Press.
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- Model for Tax Compliance and Auditing, Nber Working Paper Series, Cambridge: Bobek, D.D., R. W. Roberts & J.T. Sweeney (2007), “The Social Norm of Tax
- Compliance: Evidence from Australia, Singapore, and the United States”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 74, No.1, pp.49-64. Calvet, R. & J. Alm (2013), Empathy, Sympathy, and Tax Compliance, Working Paper, 1310.
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- Individual Returns”, Review Economic Statistics, Vol. 65, No.3, pp.363-373. Cornelissen, T., O. Himmler, T. Koenig (2013), “Fairness Spillovers—the Case of
- Taxation”, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Vol. 90, pp.164–180. Cummings, R.G., J. Martinez-Vazquez, M. McKee & B. Torgler (2009), “Tax
- Morale Affects Tax Compliance: Evidence from Surveys and an Artefactual Field Experiment”, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Vol.70, pp.447– Davis, J. S., G. Hecht & J. D. Perkins (January, 2003), “Social Behaviors,
- Enforcement, and Tax Compliance Dynamics”, The Accounting Review, Vol.78, No.1, pp.39-69. Devos, Ken (2008), “Tax Evasion Behaviour and Demographic Factors: An
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- Toward An Interactive Theory of Law Enforcement”, Journal of Law, Economics and Organization, Vol.2, pp.1–32. Hartner, M., S. Rechberger, E. Kirchler & A. Schabmann (March, 2008),
- “Procedural Fairness and Tax Compliance”, Economic Analysis Policy, Vol. 38, No.1, pp.137–152. James, S. & C. Alley (2000), “Tax Compliance, Self-Assessment and Tax
- Administration”, Journal of Finance and Management in Public Services, Vol. 2, No.2, pp.27-42. Kirchler, E., A. Niemirowski, A.Wearing (2006), “Shared Subjective Views,
- Intent to Cooperate and Tax Compliance: Similarities between Australian Taxpayers and Tax Officers”, Journal of Economic Psychology, Vol. 27, pp.502- Kirchler, E., E. Hoezl & I. Wahl (2008), “Enforced versus Voluntary Tax
- Compliance: The “Slippery Slope”, Framework”, Journal of Economic Psychology, Vol. 29, pp.210-225. Kirchler, E. & I. Wahl (2010), “Tax compliance inventory TAX-I: Designing an
- Inventory for Surveys of Tax Compliance”, Journal of Economic Psychology, Vol. 31, pp.331–346. Leviner, S. (2008), “An Overview: A new Area of Tax Enforcement–from ‘‘Big
- Stick’’ to Responsive Regulation”, Regulation & Governance, Vol.2, pp.360–380. Loo, E. C., M. McKerchar, & A. Hansford, (2009). “Understanding the compliance behavior of Malaysian individual taxpayers using a mixed method approach”, Journal of the Australasian Tax Teachers Association, Vol.4, No.1, pp.181–202.
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- Murphy, K. (April, 2004), “The Role of Trust in Nurturing Compliance: A Study of Accused Tax Avoiders”, Law and Human Behavior, Vol. 28, No.2, pp.187
- Murphy, K. (2005), Regulating More Effectively: The Relationship between
- Procedural Justice, Legitimacy and Tax Non-Compliance, Working Paper, No 71. Oberholzer, R., E.M. Stack (2014), “Review possible Reasons for Tax Resistance in South Africa: A Customised Scale to Measure and Compare perceptions with
- Previous Research”, Public Relations Review, Vol. 40, pp.251–266. OECD (2012), Reducing Opportunities for Tax Non-Compliance in the Underground
- Economy. Forum on Tax Administration: SME Compliance Sub-Group. Polinsky, A.M. & S. Shavell, (March, 2000), “The Economics Theory of Public
- Enforcement of Law”, Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 38, No.1, pp.45-76. Posner, E. A. (November, 2000), “Law and Social Norms: The Case of Tax
- Compliance”, Virginia Law Review, Vol. 86, No.8, pp.1781-1819.
- Riahi-Belkaoui, A. (2004), “Relationship between Tax Compliance
- Internationally and Selected Determinants of Tax Morale”, Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Vol. 13, pp.135–143. Saad, N. (2014), “Tax Knowledge, Tax Complexity and Tax Compliance:
- Taxpayers’ View”, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 109, pp.1069-1075.
- Savage, D.A. & B. Torgler (September, 2010), “Perceptions of Fairness and Allocation Systems”, Economic Analysis & Policy, Vol.40, No. 2, pp.229-248.
- Schaltegger, C. A. (2007), “Tax Amnesties and Political Participation”, ”, (in:
- Benno Torgler -Ed., Tax Compliance and Tax Morale A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis), Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, pp.264-295. Thomas, C. (2012), Assessing Tax Fairness Dimensions in a Small Developing
- Economy, Business and Economics Journal, Vol.1, pp.1-9. Torgler, B. (2007), Tax Compliance and Tax Morale A Theoretical and Empirical
- Analysis, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited. Tyler, T. R. (1997). The Psychology of Legitimacy: A Relational Perspective on
- Voluntary Deference to Authorities, Personality and Social Psychology Review, Vol.1, 323-345. Wenzel, M. (2002), “The Impact of Outcome Orientation and Justice Concerns on
- Tax Compliance: The Role of Taxpayers’ Identity”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.87, pp.629-645. Wenzel, M. (2004), “An analysis of norm processes in tax compliance”, Journal of Economic Psychology, Vo.25, pp.213–228.