Research Article
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Year 2017, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 227 - 239, 01.11.2017
https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.348826

Abstract

References

  • Algan, O., Gazioğlu, C., Çağatay, N., Yücel, Z.Y. (1999). Sediment and water influxes into the Black Sea by Anatolien rivers, Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, 43, 61-80.
  • Algan, O., Yalçın, M. N., Özdoğan, M., Yılmaz, Y., Sarı, E., Kırcı-Elmas, E., Yılmaz, İ., Bulkan, Ö., Ongan, D., Gazioğlu, C., Nazik, A. Polat, MA., Meriç, E. (2011). Holocene coastal change in the ancient harbor of Yenikapı–Istanbul and its impact on cultural history, Quaternary Research, 76(1), 30-45.
  • Arslan, N., Tokatlı, C., Çiçek, A., Köse, E. (2011). Determination of some metal concentrations in water and sediment samples in Yedigöller Region (Kütahya), Review of Hydrobiology, 4(1), 17-28.
  • Atalay, İ. (1979). Geomorphology of the Lake Tortum and its Immediate Surroundings (NE Turkey), Review of the Geographical Institute of the University of Istanbul, 17, 49-65.
  • Atalay, İ. (1982). Türkiye jeomorfolojisine giriş. Ege Üniversitesi Ege Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • Bai, J., Cui, B., Chen, B., Zhang, K., Deng, W., Gao, H., et al., (2011). Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments from a typical plateau lake wetland, China, Ecological Modelling, 222(2), 301-306.
  • Barlas, N., Akbulut, N., Aydoğan, M. (2005). Assessment of heavy metal residues in the sediment and water samples of Uluabat Lake, Turkey. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 74(2), 286-293.
  • Bódog, I., Polyák, K., Hlavay, J. (1997). Determination of Heavy Metals in Lake and River Sediments by Selective Leaching, International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 66(2),79-94, doi:10.1080/03067319708028353.
  • Cai, L., Xu, Z., Ren, M., Guo, Q., Hu, X., Hu, G., et al., (2012). Source identification of eight hazardous heavy metals in agricultural soils of Huizhou, Guangdong Province, China, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 78, 2-8, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.07.004.
  • Cooke, J., Andrews, S., Johnson, M. (1990). Lead, zinc, cadmium and fluoride in small mammals from contaminated grassland established on fluorspar tailings, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 51(1), 43-54.
  • Duman, T.Y. (2009). The largest landslide dam in Turkey: Tortum landslide, Engineering Geology, 104, 66-79.
  • Duman, F., Aksoy, A., Demirezen, D. (2007). Seasonal variability of heavy metals in surface sediment of Lake Sapanca, Turkey, Environmental monitoring and assessment, 133(1-3), 277-283.
  • Dural, M., Göksu, M. L. (2006). Variations of heavy metal levels of seston benthos and sediment seasonally in Çamlik Lagoon (Karataş, Adana), E.U. Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, 23, 65-69.
  • Gaudette, H. E., Flight, W. R., Toner, L., Folger, D.W. (1974). An inexpensive titration method for the determination of organic carbon in recent sediments, Journal of Sedimentary Research, 44(1).
  • Guo, W., Liu, X., Liu, Z., Li, G. (2010). Pollution and potential ecological risk evaluation of heavy metals in the sediments around Dongjiang Harbor, Tianjin, Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2, 729-736.
  • Hakanson, L. (1980). An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control. A sedimentological approach, Water Research, 14(8), 975-1001, doi:10.1016/0043-1354(80)90143-8.
  • Hou, D., He, J., Lü, C., Ren, L., Fan, Q., Wang, J., Xie, Z .(2013). Distribution characteristics and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd) in water and sediments from Lake Dalinouer, China, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 93, 135-144.
  • Kähkönen, M. A., Pantsar-Kallio, M., Manninen, P. K. G. (1997). Analysing heavy metal concentrations in the different parts of Elodea canadensis and surface sediment with pca in two boreal lakes in Southern Finland. Chemosphere, 35(11), 2645-2656, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(97)00337-8.
  • Kankılıç, G. B., Tüzün, İ., Kadıoğlu, Y. K. (2013). Assessment of heavy metal levels in sediment samples of Kapulukaya Dam Lake (Kirikkale) and lower catchment area, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185(8), 6739-6750.
  • Karadede, H., Ünlü, E. (2000). Concentrations of some heavy metals in water, sediment and fish species from the Atatürk Dam Lake (Euphrates), Turkey, Chemosphere, 41(9), 1371-1376.
  • Kır, İ., Tekin-Özan, S., Tuncay, Y. (2007). Kovada Gölü’nün su ve sedimentindeki bazı ağır metallerin mevsimsel değişimi, Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 24(1-2), 155-158.
  • Kishe, M., Machiwa, J. (2003). Distribution of heavy metals in sediments of Mwanza Gulf of Lake Victoria, Tanzania, Environment International, 28(7), 619-625.
  • Kopar, İ., Çakır, Ç. (2012). Badlands Topography and Fairy Chimneys on the Coastal Zone of Lake Tortum (Uzundere-Erzurum) (1st National Geography Symposium Proceedings). Erzurum: Mega offset.
  • Kopar, İ., Sevindi, C. (2013). Tortum Gölü’nün (Uzundere-Erzurum) güneybatısında aktüel sedimantasyon ve siltasyona bağlı alan-kıyı çizgisi değişimleri, Türk Coğrafya Dergisi (60), 49-66.
  • Kükrer, S., Erginal, A. E., Şeker, S., Karabıyıkoğlu, M. (2015). Distribution and environmental risk evaluation of heavy metal in core sediments from Lake Çıldır (NE Turkey). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187(7), 453.
  • Kükrer, S. (2016). Comprehensive Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Surface Sediment of Lake Tortum Based on Ecological Indices (In Turkish). Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science And Technology, 4(12), 1185-1191
  • Kükrer, S. (2017). Pollution, source, and ecological risk assessment of trace elements in surface sediments of Lake Aktaş, NE Turkey. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 23:7, 1629-1644, DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2017.1332953.
  • Li, F., Huang, J., Zeng, G., Yuan, X., Li, X., Liang, J., Wang, X., Tang, X., Bai, B. (2013). Spatial risk assessment and sources identification of heavy metals in surface sediments from the Dongting Lake, Middle China. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 132, 75-83.
  • Li, S., Zhang, Q. (2010). Risk assessment and seasonal variations of dissolved trace elements and heavy metals in the Upper Han River, China, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 181(1–3), 1051-1058, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.05.120.
  • Liu, E., Shen, J., Yang, L., Zhang, E., Meng, X., Wang, J. (2010). Assessment of heavy metal contamination in the sediments of Nansihu Lake Catchment, China, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 161(1-4), 217-227. Mackay, D. (2001). Multimedia environmental models: the fugacity approach: CRC press.
  • Matthiesen, H. (1998). Phosphate Release from Marine Sediments: By Diffusion, Advection and Resuspection. Kemisk Institut, Aarhus Universitet.
  • Micó, C., Recatalá, L., Peris, M., Sánchez, J. (2006). Assessing heavy metal sources in agricultural soils of an European Mediterranean area by multivariate analysis, Chemosphere, 65(5), 863-872,doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.03.016.
  • Ochieng, E., Lalah, J., Wandiga, S. (2007). Analysis of heavy metals in water and surface sediment in five rift valley lakes in Kenya for assessment of recent increase in anthropogenic activities, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 79(5), 570-576.
  • Özkan, E. Y. (2012). A new assessment of heavy metal contaminations in an eutrophicated bay (Inner Izmir Bay, Turkey), Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 12(1), 135-147.
  • Özmen, H., Külahcı, F., Çukurovalı, A., Doğru, M. (2004). Concentrations of heavy metal and radioactivity in surface water and sediment of Hazar Lake (Elazığ, Turkey), Chemosphere, 55(3), 401-408.
  • Rodríguez Martín, J. A., Arias, M. L., Grau Corbí, J. M. (2006). Heavy metals contents in agricultural topsoils in the Ebro basin (Spain). Application of the multivariate geoestatistical methods to study spatial variations, Environmental Pollution, 144(3), 1001-1012, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.01.045.
  • Rosales-Hoz, L., Carranza-Edwards, A., Lopez-Hernandez, M. (2000). Heavy metals in sediments of a large, turbid tropical lake affected by anthropogenic discharges, Environmental Geology, 39(3-4), 378-383.
  • Siegel, B. Z., Siegel, S. M. (1987). Hawaiian volcanoes and the biogeology of mercury, Volcanism in Hawaii, 1, 882-839.
  • Sundaray, S. K., Nayak, B. B., Lin, S., Bhatta, D. (2011). Geochemical speciation and risk assessment of heavy metals in the river estuarine sediments—A case study: Mahanadi basin, India, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 186(2–3), 1837-1846, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.12.081.
  • Suresh, G., Ramasamy, V., Meenakshisundaram, V., Venkatachalapathy, R., Ponnusamy, V. (2011). Influence of mineralogical and heavy metal composition on natural radionuclide concentrations in the river sediments, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 69(10), 1466-1474.
  • Suresh, G., Sutharsan, P., Ramasamy, V., Venkatachalapathy, R. (2012). Assessment of spatial distribution and potential ecological risk of the heavy metals in relation to granulometric contents of Veeranam lake sediments, India, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 84, 117-124.
  • Sutherland, R. (2000). Bed sediment-associated trace metals in an urban stream, Oahu, Hawaii, Environmental Geology, 39(6), 611-627.
  • Symonds, R. B., Rose, W. I., Reed, M. H., Lichte, F. E., Finnegan, D. L. (1987). Volatilization, transport and sublimation of metallic and non-metallic elements in high temperature gases at Merapi Volcano, Indonesia, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 51(8), 2083-2101.
  • Tekin-Özan, S., Kir, İ. (2008). Seasonal variations of heavy metals in some organs of carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) from Beyşehir Lake (Turkey), Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 138(1), 201-206.
  • Varol, M., Şen, B. (2012). Assessment of nutrient and heavy metal contamination in surface water and sediments of the upper Tigris River, Turkey, Catena, 92, 1-10, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2011.11.011.
  • Vrhovnik, P., Šmuc, N. R., Dolenec, T., Serafimovski, T., Dolenec, M. (2013). An evaluation of trace metal distribution and environmental risk in sediments from the Lake Kalimanci (FYR Macedonia), Environmental Earth Sciences, 70(2), 761-775.
  • Wang, Y., Hu, J., Xiong, K., Huang, X., Duan, S. (2012). Distribution of heavy metals in core sediments from Baihua Lake, Procedia Environmental Sciences, 16, 51-58.
  • Wang, Y., Yang, L., Kong, L., Liu, E., Wang, L., Zhu, J. (2015). Spatial distribution, ecological risk assessment and source identification for heavy metals in surface sediments from Dongping Lake, Shandong, East China, Catena, 125, 200-205, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2014.10.023.
  • Zeng, G., Liang, J., Guo, S., Shi, L., Xiang, L., Li, X., Du, C. (2009). Spatial analysis of human health risk associated with ingesting manganese in Huangxing Town, Middle China, Chemosphere, 77(3), 368-375.
  • Zhang, L., Ye, X., Feng, H., Jing, Y., Ouyang, T., Yu, X., liang, R., Gao, C., Chen, W. (2007). Heavy metal contamination in western Xiamen Bay sediments and its vicinity, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 54(7), 974-982.

Ecological risk evaluation of sediment core samples, Lake Tortum (Erzurum, NE Turkey) using environmental indices

Year 2017, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 227 - 239, 01.11.2017
https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.348826

Abstract

This
study aimed to determine the vertical distribution of heavy metals in a 72
cm-long core sample from Lake Tortum in order to shed light on the implications
of potential ecological risks. Analysis was based on the use of environmental
indices such as the Integrated Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Potential
Ecological Risk Index (PER). Results reveal that, except for Pb, Mn and Hg, the
lowest concentrations of heavy metals occur at a core depth of between 2 cm and
20 cm for Cu, Zn, Ni, Fe, As, Cd, Cr and Al. The highest concentration was
found at sampling intervals of 36 cm and 50 cm, with the exception of Pb, Mn,
Hg and Ni. The PLI values from bottom to top are less than 1 while the level
with the nearest value to the background value lies at a depth between 24 cm
and 26 cm. The PER index results suggest a low ecological risk level for Cu,
Pb, Zn, Ni, Mn, Fe, As, Cr, and Al; however, Cd and Hg constitute an ecological
threat to the lake ecosystem.

References

  • Algan, O., Gazioğlu, C., Çağatay, N., Yücel, Z.Y. (1999). Sediment and water influxes into the Black Sea by Anatolien rivers, Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, 43, 61-80.
  • Algan, O., Yalçın, M. N., Özdoğan, M., Yılmaz, Y., Sarı, E., Kırcı-Elmas, E., Yılmaz, İ., Bulkan, Ö., Ongan, D., Gazioğlu, C., Nazik, A. Polat, MA., Meriç, E. (2011). Holocene coastal change in the ancient harbor of Yenikapı–Istanbul and its impact on cultural history, Quaternary Research, 76(1), 30-45.
  • Arslan, N., Tokatlı, C., Çiçek, A., Köse, E. (2011). Determination of some metal concentrations in water and sediment samples in Yedigöller Region (Kütahya), Review of Hydrobiology, 4(1), 17-28.
  • Atalay, İ. (1979). Geomorphology of the Lake Tortum and its Immediate Surroundings (NE Turkey), Review of the Geographical Institute of the University of Istanbul, 17, 49-65.
  • Atalay, İ. (1982). Türkiye jeomorfolojisine giriş. Ege Üniversitesi Ege Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • Bai, J., Cui, B., Chen, B., Zhang, K., Deng, W., Gao, H., et al., (2011). Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments from a typical plateau lake wetland, China, Ecological Modelling, 222(2), 301-306.
  • Barlas, N., Akbulut, N., Aydoğan, M. (2005). Assessment of heavy metal residues in the sediment and water samples of Uluabat Lake, Turkey. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 74(2), 286-293.
  • Bódog, I., Polyák, K., Hlavay, J. (1997). Determination of Heavy Metals in Lake and River Sediments by Selective Leaching, International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 66(2),79-94, doi:10.1080/03067319708028353.
  • Cai, L., Xu, Z., Ren, M., Guo, Q., Hu, X., Hu, G., et al., (2012). Source identification of eight hazardous heavy metals in agricultural soils of Huizhou, Guangdong Province, China, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 78, 2-8, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.07.004.
  • Cooke, J., Andrews, S., Johnson, M. (1990). Lead, zinc, cadmium and fluoride in small mammals from contaminated grassland established on fluorspar tailings, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 51(1), 43-54.
  • Duman, T.Y. (2009). The largest landslide dam in Turkey: Tortum landslide, Engineering Geology, 104, 66-79.
  • Duman, F., Aksoy, A., Demirezen, D. (2007). Seasonal variability of heavy metals in surface sediment of Lake Sapanca, Turkey, Environmental monitoring and assessment, 133(1-3), 277-283.
  • Dural, M., Göksu, M. L. (2006). Variations of heavy metal levels of seston benthos and sediment seasonally in Çamlik Lagoon (Karataş, Adana), E.U. Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, 23, 65-69.
  • Gaudette, H. E., Flight, W. R., Toner, L., Folger, D.W. (1974). An inexpensive titration method for the determination of organic carbon in recent sediments, Journal of Sedimentary Research, 44(1).
  • Guo, W., Liu, X., Liu, Z., Li, G. (2010). Pollution and potential ecological risk evaluation of heavy metals in the sediments around Dongjiang Harbor, Tianjin, Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2, 729-736.
  • Hakanson, L. (1980). An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control. A sedimentological approach, Water Research, 14(8), 975-1001, doi:10.1016/0043-1354(80)90143-8.
  • Hou, D., He, J., Lü, C., Ren, L., Fan, Q., Wang, J., Xie, Z .(2013). Distribution characteristics and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd) in water and sediments from Lake Dalinouer, China, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 93, 135-144.
  • Kähkönen, M. A., Pantsar-Kallio, M., Manninen, P. K. G. (1997). Analysing heavy metal concentrations in the different parts of Elodea canadensis and surface sediment with pca in two boreal lakes in Southern Finland. Chemosphere, 35(11), 2645-2656, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(97)00337-8.
  • Kankılıç, G. B., Tüzün, İ., Kadıoğlu, Y. K. (2013). Assessment of heavy metal levels in sediment samples of Kapulukaya Dam Lake (Kirikkale) and lower catchment area, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185(8), 6739-6750.
  • Karadede, H., Ünlü, E. (2000). Concentrations of some heavy metals in water, sediment and fish species from the Atatürk Dam Lake (Euphrates), Turkey, Chemosphere, 41(9), 1371-1376.
  • Kır, İ., Tekin-Özan, S., Tuncay, Y. (2007). Kovada Gölü’nün su ve sedimentindeki bazı ağır metallerin mevsimsel değişimi, Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 24(1-2), 155-158.
  • Kishe, M., Machiwa, J. (2003). Distribution of heavy metals in sediments of Mwanza Gulf of Lake Victoria, Tanzania, Environment International, 28(7), 619-625.
  • Kopar, İ., Çakır, Ç. (2012). Badlands Topography and Fairy Chimneys on the Coastal Zone of Lake Tortum (Uzundere-Erzurum) (1st National Geography Symposium Proceedings). Erzurum: Mega offset.
  • Kopar, İ., Sevindi, C. (2013). Tortum Gölü’nün (Uzundere-Erzurum) güneybatısında aktüel sedimantasyon ve siltasyona bağlı alan-kıyı çizgisi değişimleri, Türk Coğrafya Dergisi (60), 49-66.
  • Kükrer, S., Erginal, A. E., Şeker, S., Karabıyıkoğlu, M. (2015). Distribution and environmental risk evaluation of heavy metal in core sediments from Lake Çıldır (NE Turkey). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187(7), 453.
  • Kükrer, S. (2016). Comprehensive Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Surface Sediment of Lake Tortum Based on Ecological Indices (In Turkish). Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science And Technology, 4(12), 1185-1191
  • Kükrer, S. (2017). Pollution, source, and ecological risk assessment of trace elements in surface sediments of Lake Aktaş, NE Turkey. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 23:7, 1629-1644, DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2017.1332953.
  • Li, F., Huang, J., Zeng, G., Yuan, X., Li, X., Liang, J., Wang, X., Tang, X., Bai, B. (2013). Spatial risk assessment and sources identification of heavy metals in surface sediments from the Dongting Lake, Middle China. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 132, 75-83.
  • Li, S., Zhang, Q. (2010). Risk assessment and seasonal variations of dissolved trace elements and heavy metals in the Upper Han River, China, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 181(1–3), 1051-1058, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.05.120.
  • Liu, E., Shen, J., Yang, L., Zhang, E., Meng, X., Wang, J. (2010). Assessment of heavy metal contamination in the sediments of Nansihu Lake Catchment, China, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 161(1-4), 217-227. Mackay, D. (2001). Multimedia environmental models: the fugacity approach: CRC press.
  • Matthiesen, H. (1998). Phosphate Release from Marine Sediments: By Diffusion, Advection and Resuspection. Kemisk Institut, Aarhus Universitet.
  • Micó, C., Recatalá, L., Peris, M., Sánchez, J. (2006). Assessing heavy metal sources in agricultural soils of an European Mediterranean area by multivariate analysis, Chemosphere, 65(5), 863-872,doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.03.016.
  • Ochieng, E., Lalah, J., Wandiga, S. (2007). Analysis of heavy metals in water and surface sediment in five rift valley lakes in Kenya for assessment of recent increase in anthropogenic activities, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 79(5), 570-576.
  • Özkan, E. Y. (2012). A new assessment of heavy metal contaminations in an eutrophicated bay (Inner Izmir Bay, Turkey), Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 12(1), 135-147.
  • Özmen, H., Külahcı, F., Çukurovalı, A., Doğru, M. (2004). Concentrations of heavy metal and radioactivity in surface water and sediment of Hazar Lake (Elazığ, Turkey), Chemosphere, 55(3), 401-408.
  • Rodríguez Martín, J. A., Arias, M. L., Grau Corbí, J. M. (2006). Heavy metals contents in agricultural topsoils in the Ebro basin (Spain). Application of the multivariate geoestatistical methods to study spatial variations, Environmental Pollution, 144(3), 1001-1012, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.01.045.
  • Rosales-Hoz, L., Carranza-Edwards, A., Lopez-Hernandez, M. (2000). Heavy metals in sediments of a large, turbid tropical lake affected by anthropogenic discharges, Environmental Geology, 39(3-4), 378-383.
  • Siegel, B. Z., Siegel, S. M. (1987). Hawaiian volcanoes and the biogeology of mercury, Volcanism in Hawaii, 1, 882-839.
  • Sundaray, S. K., Nayak, B. B., Lin, S., Bhatta, D. (2011). Geochemical speciation and risk assessment of heavy metals in the river estuarine sediments—A case study: Mahanadi basin, India, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 186(2–3), 1837-1846, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.12.081.
  • Suresh, G., Ramasamy, V., Meenakshisundaram, V., Venkatachalapathy, R., Ponnusamy, V. (2011). Influence of mineralogical and heavy metal composition on natural radionuclide concentrations in the river sediments, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 69(10), 1466-1474.
  • Suresh, G., Sutharsan, P., Ramasamy, V., Venkatachalapathy, R. (2012). Assessment of spatial distribution and potential ecological risk of the heavy metals in relation to granulometric contents of Veeranam lake sediments, India, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 84, 117-124.
  • Sutherland, R. (2000). Bed sediment-associated trace metals in an urban stream, Oahu, Hawaii, Environmental Geology, 39(6), 611-627.
  • Symonds, R. B., Rose, W. I., Reed, M. H., Lichte, F. E., Finnegan, D. L. (1987). Volatilization, transport and sublimation of metallic and non-metallic elements in high temperature gases at Merapi Volcano, Indonesia, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 51(8), 2083-2101.
  • Tekin-Özan, S., Kir, İ. (2008). Seasonal variations of heavy metals in some organs of carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) from Beyşehir Lake (Turkey), Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 138(1), 201-206.
  • Varol, M., Şen, B. (2012). Assessment of nutrient and heavy metal contamination in surface water and sediments of the upper Tigris River, Turkey, Catena, 92, 1-10, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2011.11.011.
  • Vrhovnik, P., Šmuc, N. R., Dolenec, T., Serafimovski, T., Dolenec, M. (2013). An evaluation of trace metal distribution and environmental risk in sediments from the Lake Kalimanci (FYR Macedonia), Environmental Earth Sciences, 70(2), 761-775.
  • Wang, Y., Hu, J., Xiong, K., Huang, X., Duan, S. (2012). Distribution of heavy metals in core sediments from Baihua Lake, Procedia Environmental Sciences, 16, 51-58.
  • Wang, Y., Yang, L., Kong, L., Liu, E., Wang, L., Zhu, J. (2015). Spatial distribution, ecological risk assessment and source identification for heavy metals in surface sediments from Dongping Lake, Shandong, East China, Catena, 125, 200-205, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2014.10.023.
  • Zeng, G., Liang, J., Guo, S., Shi, L., Xiang, L., Li, X., Du, C. (2009). Spatial analysis of human health risk associated with ingesting manganese in Huangxing Town, Middle China, Chemosphere, 77(3), 368-375.
  • Zhang, L., Ye, X., Feng, H., Jing, Y., Ouyang, T., Yu, X., liang, R., Gao, C., Chen, W. (2007). Heavy metal contamination in western Xiamen Bay sediments and its vicinity, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 54(7), 974-982.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Hakan Kaya

Gülsen Erginal This is me

Çağlar Çakır

Cem Gazioğlu

Ahmet Evren Erginal

Publication Date November 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 4 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Kaya, H., Erginal, G., Çakır, Ç., Gazioğlu, C., et al. (2017). Ecological risk evaluation of sediment core samples, Lake Tortum (Erzurum, NE Turkey) using environmental indices. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 4(3), 227-239. https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.348826