Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

State of the art of greenway concept application in Tunisian green policy. A case study of an urban landscape in Sousse city

Year 2018, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 36 - 50, 04.04.2018
https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.353818

Abstract

This paper is about the concept of the greenways in
Tunisia, defined as a structure allowing to connect the green spaces between
them. Two steps have been applied to assess the use of greenway concept in
Tunisia and especially in Sousse city. The first one shows Tunisian
administrative documents recount and the second one explains
the spatial distribution of Sousse city greenways using GIS software. The
examination of the planning of the green spaces in Tunisia, either through the
documents of town planning or through the specific programs, allowed us to
reveal the place of this notion in the Tunisian political speech and to
conclude that the notion of greenways and its foundations, is missing in the
documents of town planning, in the Tunisian environmental policy (Green Plan of
Grand Sousse) even if the use of the term "greenways" is not really
explicit. Then, it is our belief that there is a great potential in Tunisia for
the adoption of greenways as a planning alternative, and tools such as the GIS
environment can contribute signi
cantly to this
effort.

References

  • Ahern, J., 1995. Greenways as a planning strategy. Landscape and Urban Planning. 33 (1/2), 131–155.
  • Adli Imam, K.Z. El, 2006. Role of urban greenway systems in planning residential communities: a case study from Egypt. Landscape and Urban Planning 76 (1–4), 192–209.
  • Akpinar, A., 2016. Factors influencing the use of urban greenways: A case study of Aydin, Turkey. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening. 123-131. Arrif T., Blanc N., Clergeau P., 2011, Trame verte urbaine, un rapport Nature – Urbain entre géographie et écologie. Cybergeo : European Journal of Geography.
  • Asakawa, S., Yoshida, K., Yabe, K., 2004. Perceptions of urban stream corridors within the greenway system of Sapporo, Japan. Landscape and Urban Planning 68 (2–3), 167–182.
  • Audirac, I. (Ed.), 1997. JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Baschak, L.A., Brown, R.D., 1995. An ecological framework for the planning, design and management of urban river greenways. Landscape and Urban Planning 33, 211-225.
  • Binford, M.W., Buchenau, M.J, 1993. Riparian greenways and water resourses. In: Smith, D.S., Hullmund, P.C. (Eds.), Ecology of greenways: Design and Function of Linear Conservation Areas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN.
  • Bischoff, A., 1995. Greenways as vehicule for expression. Landscape and Urban Planning 33, 317-325.
  • Bueno, J.A., Tsihrintzis,V.A,Alvarez, L., 1995. South Florida greenways: a conceptual framework for the ecological reconnectivity of the region. Landscape and Urban Planning 33, 247–266.
  • Bizuwerk, A., Peden,D., Taddese,G.,Getahun, Y., 2006.GIS Application for Analysis of Land Suitability and Determination of Grazing Pressure in Upland of the Awash River Basin, Ethiopia. International Livestock Research Institute. Brail, R.K., Klosterman, R.E., 2001. Planning Support Systems. ESRI Press, Redlands, CA.
  • Carr S., Francis M., Rivlin L.G., Stone A.M., 1992.Public Space. Environment and Behavior, p.415.
  • Clerici, N., Vogt, P., 2013. Ranking European regions as providers of structural riparian corridors for conservation and management purposes. Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinform. 21, 477– 483.
  • Conine, A., Xiang, W.N., Young, J., Whitley, D., 2004. Planning for multi-purpose greenways in Concord, North Carolina. Landscape and Urban Planning 68 (2–3), 271–287.
  • Cormier L., Carcaud N., 2009. Les trames vertes : discours et/ou matérialité, Quelles réalités ? Projets de paysage.
  • Cvejić R., Eler K., Pintar M., Železnikar Š. , Haase D., Kabisch N., Strohbach M., 2015. A typology of urban green spaces, ecosystem services provisioning services and demands. Green Surge, p.68.
  • Dridi N., 2012. « Les paradigmes du « développement urbain durable » et de la « qualité de la vie » : du principe à l’action », Les Cahiers d’EMAM 17, 29-42.
  • Ergen, B., 2013. Euclidean distance mapping and the proposed greenway method in Malta. Journal of Urban Planning and Development 140(1), 04013002.
  • Erickson, D.L., 2004. Connecting corridors: implementing metropolitan greenway networks in North America. In: Jongman, R.H.G., Pungetti, G. (Eds.), Ecological Networks and Greenways: New Paradigms for Ecological Planning. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Etude de l’Elaboration du Plan Vert du Grand Sousse., 1996. Rapport de la Phase 2, Ministère de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable via Rust VA Project, p.111.
  • Etude de l’Elaboration du Plan Vert du Grand Sousse., 1997. Rapport Finale, Ministère de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable via Rust VA Project, p.120.
  • Fábos, J. G., 1995. Introduction and overview: the greenway movement, use and potentials of greenways. Landscape and Urban Planning 33(1), 1–13.
  • Fábos, J.G., 2004. Greenway planning in the United States: its origins and recent case studies. Landscape and Urban Planning 68 (2–3), 321–342.
  • Fábos, J. G., & Ryan, R. L., 2006. An introduction to greenway planning around the world. Landscape and Urban Planning 76(1), 1–6.
  • Fitzsimons, J., Pearson, C.J., Lawson, C., Hill, M.J., 2012. Evaluation of land-use planning in greenbelts based on intrinsic characteristics and stakeholder values. Landscape and Urban Planning . 106 (1), 23–34.
  • Flink, C. and Seams, R., 1993. Greenways: a Guide to Planning Design and Development. Washington, DC, p.317.
  • Forman, R.T., 1983. Corridors in a landscape: Their ecological structure and function. Ekologiya 2, 375-385.
  • Forman, R.T., Godron, M., 1986. Landscape Ecology. Wiley, New York.
  • Forman, R.T., 1995. Land Mosaics. Cambridge University Press, New York.
  • Forest Research, 2010. Benefits of green infrastructure. Report to Defra and CLG.Forest Research, Farnham.
  • Foster, J., Lowe, A., Winkelman, S., 2011. The value of green infrastructure for urban climate adaptation. Center for Clean Air Policy.
  • Fremier, A.K., Kiparsky, M., Gmur, S., Aycrigg, J., Kundis Craig, R., Svancara, L.K.,Goble, D.D., Cosens, B., Davis, F.W., Sott, J.M., 2015. A riparian conservation network for ecological resilience. Biol. Conserv. 191, 29–37.
  • Giordano, L.C., 2000. Subs´ ıdios ao Planejamento de um corredor verde na interface-urbano rural do rio Corumbata´ ı, no Munic´ ıpio de Rio Claro-SP. Dissertac ¸ ˜ ao (Mestrado emGest˜ ao Integrada deRecursos).Centro de Estudos Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, p. 145.
  • Giordano, L.C., 2004. An´ alise de umconjunto de procedimentosmetodol´ ogicos baseados em SIG, para a delimitac ¸ ˜ ao de corredores-verdes (greenways) em cursos fluviais. Doutorado (Doutorado em Geociˆ encias e Meio Ambiente). Instituto de Geociˆ encias e Ciˆ encias Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, p. 162.
  • Giordano, L.C , Riedel ,P.S, 2008. Multi-criteria spatial decision analysis for demarcation of greenway: A case study of the city of Rio Claro, S˜ ao Paulo, Brazil. Landscape and Urban Planning 84, 301–311.
  • Gobster, P.H., 1995. Perception of use of a metropolitan greenway system for recreation. Landscape and Urban Planning 33, 401-413. Haaland, C., Larsson, A., Peterson, A., Gyllin, M., 2010. Implementing multifunctional greenways in Sweden—challenges and opportunities. In: Proceedings of Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning,Budapest, 8–11 July.
  • Heckscher, A., 1977. Open Spaces: The Life of American Cities. Harper and Row, New York.
  • Hos ¸ gör, Z., Yigiter, R., 2011. Greenway planning context in istanbul-halic ¸ : A compulsory intervention into the historical green corridors of golden horn.Landsc. Res. 36 (3), 341–361.
  • Howard, E., 1898. Tomorrow: a Peaceful Path to Reform. Swan Sonnenschein, London (2nd edition, 1945, Garden Cities of Tomorrow. Faber and Faber, London.)
  • IUCN, 1980. The World Conservation Strategy. IUCN, UNEP, WWF, Gland.
  • Jankowski, P., Nyerges, T., 2001. Geographic Information Systems for Group Decision Making. Towards a Participatory, Geographic Information Science.Taylor & Francis, London and New York.
  • Jongman, R.H.G., Külvik, M., Kristiansen, I., 2004. European ecological networks and greenways. Landscape and Urban Planning 68 (2–3), 305–319.
  • Jongman, R.H.G., Pungetti, G. (Eds.), 2004. Cambridge University Press.
  • Kent, R.L., Elliot, C.L., 1995. Scenic routes linking and protecting natural and cultural landscape features: a greenway skeleton. Landscape and Urban Planning 33, 341-355.
  • Kühn, M., 2003. Greenbelt and Green Heart: separating and integrating landscapes in European city regions. Landscape and Urban Planning 64 (1–2), 19–27.
  • Kullmann, K., 2013. Green-networks: integrating alternative circulation systems into post-industrial cities. Journal of Urban Design, 18(1), 36–58.
  • Kurdoglu, O., Kurdoglu, B.C., 2010. Determining recreational, scenic, and historical-cultural potentials of landscape features along a segment of the ancient Silk Road using factor analyzing. Environ. Monit. Assess. 170 (1–4), 99–116.
  • Lindsey, G., Maraj, M., Kuan, S., 2001. Access, equity, and urban greenways: an exploratory investigation. Prof. Geogr. 53 (3), 332–346.
  • Lindsey, G., Wilson, J., Yang, J.A.A.C., 2008. Urban greenways, trail characteristics and trail use: implications for design. J. Urban Des. 13 (1), 53–79.
  • Linehan, J., Gross, M., & Finn, J., 1995. Greenway planning: developing a landscape ecological network approach. Landscape and Urban Planning, 33(1), 179–193.
  • Little, C., 1990. Greenways for America. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.
  • Liu, B. Y., & Yu, C., 2001. Greenway networks planning in USA and its apocalypse to us. Journal of Chinese Landscape Architecture, 6, 77–81.
  • Liu,K., Siu,K.M., Gong,X.Y, Gao,Y., & Lu,D., 2016. Where do networks really work? The effects of the Shenzhen greenway network on supporting physical activities. Landscape and Urban Planning 152, 49–58.
  • Loukil B., 2006. Les parcs urbains du grand Tunis, pour qui et pourquoi ?, Mémoire de mastère « Paysage, territoire, patrimoine », ISA Chott Meriem.
  • Lyle, J. T., 1994. Regenemtive Design for Sustainable Development. John Wiley, New York. Machado, J.R., et al., 1995. Metropolitan Landscape Planning: a Greenway Vision for the LisbonMetropolitan Area (AML). Special Issue Landscape, 95–3.
  • Mahmoud, A. H. A., and El-Sayed, M. A., 2011. “Development of sustainable urban green areas in Egyptian new cities: The case of El-Sadat city.” Landscape and Urban Planning 101, 157–170.
  • Mason, J., Moorman, C., Hess, G., Sinclair, K., 2007. Designing suburban greenways to provide habitat for forest-breeding birds. Landscape and Urban Planning 80 (1–2),153–164.
  • McMahon, E.T., 1993. Foreward. In: Flink, C.A., Searns, R.M. (Eds.), Greenways: A Guide to Planning Design and Development. Island Press, Washington, DC.
  • Metropolitan Area, 1998. Ph.D. Dissertation in Regional Planning. University of Massachusetts, Amherst,MA, p.396 .
  • Miller, W., Collins, M. G., Steiner, F. R., & Cook, E., 1998. An approach for greenway suitability analysis. Landscape and Urban Planning, 42(2), 91–105.
  • Mugavin, D., 2004. Adelaide’s greenway: River Torrens Linear Park. Landscape and Urban Planning 68 (2–3), 223–240.
  • Newton, N.T., 1971. Design on the Land. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
  • Orr, S., Paskins, J., Chaytor, S., 2014. Valuing Urban Green Space: Challenges and Opportunities. UCL public policy.
  • Panduro T.E, Veie K.L. ,2013. Classification and valuation of urban green spaces – A hedonic house price valuation. konomiske Råds, p.32.
  • Pena, S. B., Abreu, M. M., Teles, R., & Espirito-Santo, M. D., 2010. A methodology for creating greenways through multidisciplinary sustainable landscape planning. Journal of Environmental Management 91(4), 970–983.
  • Phua,M.,Minora,M., 2004. A GIS-basedmulti-criteria decisionmaking approach to forest conservation planning at a landscape scale: a case study in Kinabalu Area, Sabah, Malaysia. Landscape Urban Plan. 71, 207–222.
  • Pickett STA, Cadenasso ML, Grove JM, Nilon CH, Pouyat RV, Zipperer WC, et al., 2001. Urban ecological systems: linking terrestrial ecological, physical, and socioeconomic components of metropolitan areas. Ann Rev Ecolog Syst 32:127– 57.
  • Pickett STA, Cadenasso ML, Grove JM, 2004. Resilient cities: meaning, models, and metaphor for integrating the ecological, socio-economic, and planning realms. Landscape and Urban Planning, 69:369– 84.
  • Ribeiro, L.F., 1998. The Cultural Landscape and the Uniqueness of Place: A Greenway Heritage Network for Landscape Conservation of Lisbon.
  • Ribeiro, L., Barão, T., 2005. Greenways for recreation and maintenance of landscape quality: five case studies in Portugal. Landscape and Urban Planning 76 (1–4), 79–97.
  • Ribeiro, L., Barão, T., 2006. Greenways for recreation and maintenance of landscape quality: five case studies in Portugal. Landscape and Urban Planning 76, 79–97.
  • Salici, A., 2013. Greenways as a Sustainable Urban Planning Strategy. Advances in Landscape Architecture, Dr. Murat Ozyavuz (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-51-11672.
  • Shannon, S., Smardon, R., Knudson, M., 1995. Using visual assessment as a foundation for greenways planning in the St. Lawrence River Valley. Landscape and Urban Planning 33, 357–371.
  • Smith, D. and Hellmund, P., 1993. Ecology of Greenways. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN, p.214 .
  • Store, R., Kangas, J., 2001. Integrating spatial multi-criteria evaluation and expert knowledge for GIS-based habitat suitability modeling. Landscape Urban Plan. 55, 79–93.
  • Tan, K.W., 2006. A greenway network for Singapore. Landscape and Urban Planning 76 (1–4), 45–66.
  • Taylor, J., Paine, C., FitzGibbon, J., 1995. From greenbelt to greenways: four Canadian case studies. Landscape and Urban Planning 33, 47-64.
  • Toccolini, A., Fumagalli, N., and Senes, G., 2006. “Greenways planning in Italy: The Lambro River Valley Greenways System.” Landscape and Urban Planning 76, 98–111.
  • Turki S.Y, Zaafrane Zhioua I., 2006. Analyse de la répartition spatiale de l´aménagement des espaces verts programmés par les documents d´urbanisme dans le Grand Tunis, Actes du séminaire étape de recherche en paysages, n°8, Ecole nationale supérieure du paysage à Versailles, p.150.
  • Turner, T., 1995. Greenways, blueways, skyways and other ways to a better London. Landscape and Urban Planning 33, 269-282.
  • Tzolova, G. A., 1995. An experiment in greenway analysis and assessment: the Danube river. Landscape and Urban Planning 33(1), 283–294.
  • Urbanism Code of Town and Country Planning, Official printing, 1994.
  • Vasconcelos, P., & Pritchard, M., 2007. A greenway network for a more sustainable Auckland. In Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on sustainability engineering and science.
  • Viles, R.L, & Rosier,D.J, 2001. How to use roads in the creation of greenways : case studies in three New Zeeland landscapes. Landscape and Urban Planning 55, 15-27.
  • Walmsley, A., 2006. Greenways: multiplying and diversifying in the 21st century. Landscape and Urban Planning 76, 252–290.
  • Willemse, L., (MA Thesis) 2010. Community/neighbourhood park use in CapeTown: a class-differentiated analysis. University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
  • World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987. Our Common Future. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  • Wright Wendel, H.E., Zarger, R.K., Mihelcic, J.R., 2012. Accessibility and usability:green space preferences, perceptions, and barriers in a rapidly urbanizing city in Latin America. Landsc. Urban Plan. 107, 272–282.
  • Yang, J., Jinxing, Z., 2007. The failure and success of greenbelt program in Beijing.Urb. For. Urb. Green. 6 (4), 287–296.
  • Zaitzevsky, C., 1982. Frederick Law Olmsted and the Boston Park System. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
  • Ziman, Scudo K., 2006. The greenways of Pavia: innovations in Italian landscape planning. Landscape and Urban Planning 76 (1–4), 112–133.
  • Zube, E.H., 1995. Greenways and the US National Park System. Landscape and Urban Planning 33, 17–25.
Year 2018, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 36 - 50, 04.04.2018
https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.353818

Abstract

References

  • Ahern, J., 1995. Greenways as a planning strategy. Landscape and Urban Planning. 33 (1/2), 131–155.
  • Adli Imam, K.Z. El, 2006. Role of urban greenway systems in planning residential communities: a case study from Egypt. Landscape and Urban Planning 76 (1–4), 192–209.
  • Akpinar, A., 2016. Factors influencing the use of urban greenways: A case study of Aydin, Turkey. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening. 123-131. Arrif T., Blanc N., Clergeau P., 2011, Trame verte urbaine, un rapport Nature – Urbain entre géographie et écologie. Cybergeo : European Journal of Geography.
  • Asakawa, S., Yoshida, K., Yabe, K., 2004. Perceptions of urban stream corridors within the greenway system of Sapporo, Japan. Landscape and Urban Planning 68 (2–3), 167–182.
  • Audirac, I. (Ed.), 1997. JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Baschak, L.A., Brown, R.D., 1995. An ecological framework for the planning, design and management of urban river greenways. Landscape and Urban Planning 33, 211-225.
  • Binford, M.W., Buchenau, M.J, 1993. Riparian greenways and water resourses. In: Smith, D.S., Hullmund, P.C. (Eds.), Ecology of greenways: Design and Function of Linear Conservation Areas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN.
  • Bischoff, A., 1995. Greenways as vehicule for expression. Landscape and Urban Planning 33, 317-325.
  • Bueno, J.A., Tsihrintzis,V.A,Alvarez, L., 1995. South Florida greenways: a conceptual framework for the ecological reconnectivity of the region. Landscape and Urban Planning 33, 247–266.
  • Bizuwerk, A., Peden,D., Taddese,G.,Getahun, Y., 2006.GIS Application for Analysis of Land Suitability and Determination of Grazing Pressure in Upland of the Awash River Basin, Ethiopia. International Livestock Research Institute. Brail, R.K., Klosterman, R.E., 2001. Planning Support Systems. ESRI Press, Redlands, CA.
  • Carr S., Francis M., Rivlin L.G., Stone A.M., 1992.Public Space. Environment and Behavior, p.415.
  • Clerici, N., Vogt, P., 2013. Ranking European regions as providers of structural riparian corridors for conservation and management purposes. Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinform. 21, 477– 483.
  • Conine, A., Xiang, W.N., Young, J., Whitley, D., 2004. Planning for multi-purpose greenways in Concord, North Carolina. Landscape and Urban Planning 68 (2–3), 271–287.
  • Cormier L., Carcaud N., 2009. Les trames vertes : discours et/ou matérialité, Quelles réalités ? Projets de paysage.
  • Cvejić R., Eler K., Pintar M., Železnikar Š. , Haase D., Kabisch N., Strohbach M., 2015. A typology of urban green spaces, ecosystem services provisioning services and demands. Green Surge, p.68.
  • Dridi N., 2012. « Les paradigmes du « développement urbain durable » et de la « qualité de la vie » : du principe à l’action », Les Cahiers d’EMAM 17, 29-42.
  • Ergen, B., 2013. Euclidean distance mapping and the proposed greenway method in Malta. Journal of Urban Planning and Development 140(1), 04013002.
  • Erickson, D.L., 2004. Connecting corridors: implementing metropolitan greenway networks in North America. In: Jongman, R.H.G., Pungetti, G. (Eds.), Ecological Networks and Greenways: New Paradigms for Ecological Planning. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Etude de l’Elaboration du Plan Vert du Grand Sousse., 1996. Rapport de la Phase 2, Ministère de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable via Rust VA Project, p.111.
  • Etude de l’Elaboration du Plan Vert du Grand Sousse., 1997. Rapport Finale, Ministère de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable via Rust VA Project, p.120.
  • Fábos, J. G., 1995. Introduction and overview: the greenway movement, use and potentials of greenways. Landscape and Urban Planning 33(1), 1–13.
  • Fábos, J.G., 2004. Greenway planning in the United States: its origins and recent case studies. Landscape and Urban Planning 68 (2–3), 321–342.
  • Fábos, J. G., & Ryan, R. L., 2006. An introduction to greenway planning around the world. Landscape and Urban Planning 76(1), 1–6.
  • Fitzsimons, J., Pearson, C.J., Lawson, C., Hill, M.J., 2012. Evaluation of land-use planning in greenbelts based on intrinsic characteristics and stakeholder values. Landscape and Urban Planning . 106 (1), 23–34.
  • Flink, C. and Seams, R., 1993. Greenways: a Guide to Planning Design and Development. Washington, DC, p.317.
  • Forman, R.T., 1983. Corridors in a landscape: Their ecological structure and function. Ekologiya 2, 375-385.
  • Forman, R.T., Godron, M., 1986. Landscape Ecology. Wiley, New York.
  • Forman, R.T., 1995. Land Mosaics. Cambridge University Press, New York.
  • Forest Research, 2010. Benefits of green infrastructure. Report to Defra and CLG.Forest Research, Farnham.
  • Foster, J., Lowe, A., Winkelman, S., 2011. The value of green infrastructure for urban climate adaptation. Center for Clean Air Policy.
  • Fremier, A.K., Kiparsky, M., Gmur, S., Aycrigg, J., Kundis Craig, R., Svancara, L.K.,Goble, D.D., Cosens, B., Davis, F.W., Sott, J.M., 2015. A riparian conservation network for ecological resilience. Biol. Conserv. 191, 29–37.
  • Giordano, L.C., 2000. Subs´ ıdios ao Planejamento de um corredor verde na interface-urbano rural do rio Corumbata´ ı, no Munic´ ıpio de Rio Claro-SP. Dissertac ¸ ˜ ao (Mestrado emGest˜ ao Integrada deRecursos).Centro de Estudos Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, p. 145.
  • Giordano, L.C., 2004. An´ alise de umconjunto de procedimentosmetodol´ ogicos baseados em SIG, para a delimitac ¸ ˜ ao de corredores-verdes (greenways) em cursos fluviais. Doutorado (Doutorado em Geociˆ encias e Meio Ambiente). Instituto de Geociˆ encias e Ciˆ encias Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, p. 162.
  • Giordano, L.C , Riedel ,P.S, 2008. Multi-criteria spatial decision analysis for demarcation of greenway: A case study of the city of Rio Claro, S˜ ao Paulo, Brazil. Landscape and Urban Planning 84, 301–311.
  • Gobster, P.H., 1995. Perception of use of a metropolitan greenway system for recreation. Landscape and Urban Planning 33, 401-413. Haaland, C., Larsson, A., Peterson, A., Gyllin, M., 2010. Implementing multifunctional greenways in Sweden—challenges and opportunities. In: Proceedings of Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning,Budapest, 8–11 July.
  • Heckscher, A., 1977. Open Spaces: The Life of American Cities. Harper and Row, New York.
  • Hos ¸ gör, Z., Yigiter, R., 2011. Greenway planning context in istanbul-halic ¸ : A compulsory intervention into the historical green corridors of golden horn.Landsc. Res. 36 (3), 341–361.
  • Howard, E., 1898. Tomorrow: a Peaceful Path to Reform. Swan Sonnenschein, London (2nd edition, 1945, Garden Cities of Tomorrow. Faber and Faber, London.)
  • IUCN, 1980. The World Conservation Strategy. IUCN, UNEP, WWF, Gland.
  • Jankowski, P., Nyerges, T., 2001. Geographic Information Systems for Group Decision Making. Towards a Participatory, Geographic Information Science.Taylor & Francis, London and New York.
  • Jongman, R.H.G., Külvik, M., Kristiansen, I., 2004. European ecological networks and greenways. Landscape and Urban Planning 68 (2–3), 305–319.
  • Jongman, R.H.G., Pungetti, G. (Eds.), 2004. Cambridge University Press.
  • Kent, R.L., Elliot, C.L., 1995. Scenic routes linking and protecting natural and cultural landscape features: a greenway skeleton. Landscape and Urban Planning 33, 341-355.
  • Kühn, M., 2003. Greenbelt and Green Heart: separating and integrating landscapes in European city regions. Landscape and Urban Planning 64 (1–2), 19–27.
  • Kullmann, K., 2013. Green-networks: integrating alternative circulation systems into post-industrial cities. Journal of Urban Design, 18(1), 36–58.
  • Kurdoglu, O., Kurdoglu, B.C., 2010. Determining recreational, scenic, and historical-cultural potentials of landscape features along a segment of the ancient Silk Road using factor analyzing. Environ. Monit. Assess. 170 (1–4), 99–116.
  • Lindsey, G., Maraj, M., Kuan, S., 2001. Access, equity, and urban greenways: an exploratory investigation. Prof. Geogr. 53 (3), 332–346.
  • Lindsey, G., Wilson, J., Yang, J.A.A.C., 2008. Urban greenways, trail characteristics and trail use: implications for design. J. Urban Des. 13 (1), 53–79.
  • Linehan, J., Gross, M., & Finn, J., 1995. Greenway planning: developing a landscape ecological network approach. Landscape and Urban Planning, 33(1), 179–193.
  • Little, C., 1990. Greenways for America. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.
  • Liu, B. Y., & Yu, C., 2001. Greenway networks planning in USA and its apocalypse to us. Journal of Chinese Landscape Architecture, 6, 77–81.
  • Liu,K., Siu,K.M., Gong,X.Y, Gao,Y., & Lu,D., 2016. Where do networks really work? The effects of the Shenzhen greenway network on supporting physical activities. Landscape and Urban Planning 152, 49–58.
  • Loukil B., 2006. Les parcs urbains du grand Tunis, pour qui et pourquoi ?, Mémoire de mastère « Paysage, territoire, patrimoine », ISA Chott Meriem.
  • Lyle, J. T., 1994. Regenemtive Design for Sustainable Development. John Wiley, New York. Machado, J.R., et al., 1995. Metropolitan Landscape Planning: a Greenway Vision for the LisbonMetropolitan Area (AML). Special Issue Landscape, 95–3.
  • Mahmoud, A. H. A., and El-Sayed, M. A., 2011. “Development of sustainable urban green areas in Egyptian new cities: The case of El-Sadat city.” Landscape and Urban Planning 101, 157–170.
  • Mason, J., Moorman, C., Hess, G., Sinclair, K., 2007. Designing suburban greenways to provide habitat for forest-breeding birds. Landscape and Urban Planning 80 (1–2),153–164.
  • McMahon, E.T., 1993. Foreward. In: Flink, C.A., Searns, R.M. (Eds.), Greenways: A Guide to Planning Design and Development. Island Press, Washington, DC.
  • Metropolitan Area, 1998. Ph.D. Dissertation in Regional Planning. University of Massachusetts, Amherst,MA, p.396 .
  • Miller, W., Collins, M. G., Steiner, F. R., & Cook, E., 1998. An approach for greenway suitability analysis. Landscape and Urban Planning, 42(2), 91–105.
  • Mugavin, D., 2004. Adelaide’s greenway: River Torrens Linear Park. Landscape and Urban Planning 68 (2–3), 223–240.
  • Newton, N.T., 1971. Design on the Land. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
  • Orr, S., Paskins, J., Chaytor, S., 2014. Valuing Urban Green Space: Challenges and Opportunities. UCL public policy.
  • Panduro T.E, Veie K.L. ,2013. Classification and valuation of urban green spaces – A hedonic house price valuation. konomiske Råds, p.32.
  • Pena, S. B., Abreu, M. M., Teles, R., & Espirito-Santo, M. D., 2010. A methodology for creating greenways through multidisciplinary sustainable landscape planning. Journal of Environmental Management 91(4), 970–983.
  • Phua,M.,Minora,M., 2004. A GIS-basedmulti-criteria decisionmaking approach to forest conservation planning at a landscape scale: a case study in Kinabalu Area, Sabah, Malaysia. Landscape Urban Plan. 71, 207–222.
  • Pickett STA, Cadenasso ML, Grove JM, Nilon CH, Pouyat RV, Zipperer WC, et al., 2001. Urban ecological systems: linking terrestrial ecological, physical, and socioeconomic components of metropolitan areas. Ann Rev Ecolog Syst 32:127– 57.
  • Pickett STA, Cadenasso ML, Grove JM, 2004. Resilient cities: meaning, models, and metaphor for integrating the ecological, socio-economic, and planning realms. Landscape and Urban Planning, 69:369– 84.
  • Ribeiro, L.F., 1998. The Cultural Landscape and the Uniqueness of Place: A Greenway Heritage Network for Landscape Conservation of Lisbon.
  • Ribeiro, L., Barão, T., 2005. Greenways for recreation and maintenance of landscape quality: five case studies in Portugal. Landscape and Urban Planning 76 (1–4), 79–97.
  • Ribeiro, L., Barão, T., 2006. Greenways for recreation and maintenance of landscape quality: five case studies in Portugal. Landscape and Urban Planning 76, 79–97.
  • Salici, A., 2013. Greenways as a Sustainable Urban Planning Strategy. Advances in Landscape Architecture, Dr. Murat Ozyavuz (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-51-11672.
  • Shannon, S., Smardon, R., Knudson, M., 1995. Using visual assessment as a foundation for greenways planning in the St. Lawrence River Valley. Landscape and Urban Planning 33, 357–371.
  • Smith, D. and Hellmund, P., 1993. Ecology of Greenways. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN, p.214 .
  • Store, R., Kangas, J., 2001. Integrating spatial multi-criteria evaluation and expert knowledge for GIS-based habitat suitability modeling. Landscape Urban Plan. 55, 79–93.
  • Tan, K.W., 2006. A greenway network for Singapore. Landscape and Urban Planning 76 (1–4), 45–66.
  • Taylor, J., Paine, C., FitzGibbon, J., 1995. From greenbelt to greenways: four Canadian case studies. Landscape and Urban Planning 33, 47-64.
  • Toccolini, A., Fumagalli, N., and Senes, G., 2006. “Greenways planning in Italy: The Lambro River Valley Greenways System.” Landscape and Urban Planning 76, 98–111.
  • Turki S.Y, Zaafrane Zhioua I., 2006. Analyse de la répartition spatiale de l´aménagement des espaces verts programmés par les documents d´urbanisme dans le Grand Tunis, Actes du séminaire étape de recherche en paysages, n°8, Ecole nationale supérieure du paysage à Versailles, p.150.
  • Turner, T., 1995. Greenways, blueways, skyways and other ways to a better London. Landscape and Urban Planning 33, 269-282.
  • Tzolova, G. A., 1995. An experiment in greenway analysis and assessment: the Danube river. Landscape and Urban Planning 33(1), 283–294.
  • Urbanism Code of Town and Country Planning, Official printing, 1994.
  • Vasconcelos, P., & Pritchard, M., 2007. A greenway network for a more sustainable Auckland. In Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on sustainability engineering and science.
  • Viles, R.L, & Rosier,D.J, 2001. How to use roads in the creation of greenways : case studies in three New Zeeland landscapes. Landscape and Urban Planning 55, 15-27.
  • Walmsley, A., 2006. Greenways: multiplying and diversifying in the 21st century. Landscape and Urban Planning 76, 252–290.
  • Willemse, L., (MA Thesis) 2010. Community/neighbourhood park use in CapeTown: a class-differentiated analysis. University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
  • World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987. Our Common Future. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  • Wright Wendel, H.E., Zarger, R.K., Mihelcic, J.R., 2012. Accessibility and usability:green space preferences, perceptions, and barriers in a rapidly urbanizing city in Latin America. Landsc. Urban Plan. 107, 272–282.
  • Yang, J., Jinxing, Z., 2007. The failure and success of greenbelt program in Beijing.Urb. For. Urb. Green. 6 (4), 287–296.
  • Zaitzevsky, C., 1982. Frederick Law Olmsted and the Boston Park System. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
  • Ziman, Scudo K., 2006. The greenways of Pavia: innovations in Italian landscape planning. Landscape and Urban Planning 76 (1–4), 112–133.
  • Zube, E.H., 1995. Greenways and the US National Park System. Landscape and Urban Planning 33, 17–25.
There are 91 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Safa Bel Fekih Bousemma

Faiza Khebour Allouche

İkram Saidane This is me

Yosra Mechmech This is me

Taoufik Bettaieb This is me

Publication Date April 4, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Bel Fekih Bousemma, S., Khebour Allouche, F., Saidane, İ., Mechmech, Y., et al. (2018). State of the art of greenway concept application in Tunisian green policy. A case study of an urban landscape in Sousse city. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 5(1), 36-50. https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.353818