A Study on the Classification of Maritime Security Threat Topics

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 365 - 371, 06.12.2020

Oktay Çetin Mesut Köseoğlu

https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.742336

Abstract

Maritime transportation security can be violated by piracy and terrorist attacks along with a wide variety of threats which may interrupt the free flow of goods through sea lanes of communication. Any disruption of this flow due to threats which may be encountered in international and territorial waters can adversely affect global economy. This paper aims to review the security challenges faced by maritime industry involving risks emanating through marine environment, threats to sustainable maritime economics, mutual international efforts to preserve stability, security in maritime areas of interest to maintain the flow of commodities throughout the World and conventional maritime security risks as well as the potential economic benefits of the Arctic Region occurring from increasingly diminishing of the sea ice. Considering recent developments in the Arctic and the new security concerns, emerging security strategies in the Arctic Region with a view to its effects on Maritime Economics is emphasized.

Keywords

Maritime Strategy, Arctic Sea Areas, Maritime Economics.

References

• References Ayrault, J. M. (2016). The Great Challenge of the Arctic National Roadmap for the Arctic, Paris: Press and Communication Drectorate of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Development of France.
• Banomyong, R. (2005). The impact of port and trade security initiatives on maritime supply-chain management, Maritime Policy & Management, 32.1, 3-13.
• Bueger, C. (2014). Piracy studies: academic responses to the return of an ancient menace. Cooperation and Conflict, 49(3), 406-416. Bueger, C. (2015). What is maritime security?. Marine Policy, 53, 159-164.
• Campanelli, O. (2012). The global governance of maritime piracy. Journal of Global Policy and Governance, 1(1), 73-84.
• Chater, Andrew and Wilfrid Greaves. (2014). Security Governance in the Arctic. In Jim Sperling (Ed.), Handbook on Governance and Security, 123-147. Northampton: Edward Elgar.
• Commission of the European Communities (2007). An Integrated Maritime Policy for the European Union, Retrieved 04 March 2019 from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/ LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2007:0575:FIN:EN:PDF
• European Commission. Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries. (2012). Blue Growth: Opportunities for Marine and Maritime Sustainable Growth: Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Publications Office of the European Union. Council of the European Union. (2014). EU strategy on the Gulf of Guinea. Retrieved 04 March 2019 from https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/eeas/files/eu_strategy_on_the_gulf_of_guinea_7.pdf
• Gautier, D. L., Bird, K. J., Charpentier, R. R., Grantz, A., Houseknecht, D. W., Klett, T. R., et al.. (2009). Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas in the Arctic. Science, 324(5931), 1175-1179.
• Greaves, W. W. J. (2016). Constructing In/Security in the Arctic: Polar Politics, Indigenous Peoples, and Environmental Change in Canada and Norway (Doctoral dissertation).
• Hossain, K., & Mihejeva, M. (2017). Governing the Arctic: Is the Arctic Council going global?. Jindal Global Law Review, 8(1), 7-22.
• Huebert, R., Exner-Pirot, H., Lajeunesse, A., and Gulledge, J. (2012). Climate Change and International Security: The Arctic as Bellwether. Center for Climate and Energy Solutions, Arlington, Virginia.
• IMO, (2012) The International Ship and Port Facility (ISPS) Code, Retrieved 10 February 2019 from http://www.imo.org/en/ourwork/security/guide_to_maritime_security/pages/solas-xi-2%20isps%20code.aspx
• IMO, (2005). Protocol of Amendment to the 1988 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation. Retrieved 10 February 2019 from https://treaties.un.org/doc/db/Terrorism/Conv8-english.pdf
• Keil, K. (2014). The Arctic: A new region of conflict? The case of oil and gas. Cooperation and Conflict, 49(2), 162-190.
• Dulbecco, P., &Laporte, B. (2003). How can the security of the international supply chain be financed?. Clermont Ferrand, France Centre d’Etudeset de Recherche sur le Development International (CERDI).
• Mazo, J. (2014). Who Owns the North Pole?. Survival, 56(1), 61-70.
• Nitsch, V., & Schumacher, D. (2003). Terrorism and trade (No. 353). DIW Discussion Papers.
• OECD, (2002). OECD Economic Outlook. No. 72.Retrieved 10 February 2019 from https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=EO72_MAIN
• Richardson, M. (2004). Growing Vulnerability of Seaports from Terror Attacks. Yale Global: Viewpoints.
• Riddell-Dixon, E. (2008). Canada and Arctic politics: the continental shelf extension. Ocean Development & International Law, 39(4), 343-359.
• Saxton, J. (2002). The economic costs of terrorism. Joint Economic Committee.
• Sempa, F. P. (2017). Mahan’s Naval Strategy and the Geopolitics of the 21st Century,Retrieved 02 February 2019 fromhttps://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2017/08 /01/mahans_naval_strategy_and_the_geopolitics_of_the_21st_century_111938.html
• Sempa, F. P. (2015). The Geopolitical Vision of Alfred Thayer Mahan. The Diplomat, 22.
• Fondahl, G., &Sirina, A. (2006). Oil pipeline development and indigenous rights in eastern Siberia. Indigenous affairs, (2-3), 58-67. Staalesen, Atle, “Putin arms Arctic drillers”, Barents Observer, 2014, vol. 23.
• Martin, S. (2009). Maritime economics. London: Routledge.
• The ACIA. (2004). Impacts of a Warming Climate: Arctic Climate Impact Assessment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• UK Government (2014). The UK National Strategy for Maritime Security. UK Government, London, 2014.Retrieved 02 February 2019 from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/322813/20140623-40221_national-maritime-strat-Cm_8829_accessible.pdf
• United Nations. (2008). Oceans and the law of the sea, United Nations General Assembly Secretary-General, Retrieved 04 February 2019 fromhttps://www.un.org/Depts/los/index.htm.