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Sediman Karotlarında Bacon ve Clam Scriptleri ile Bayesiyan ve Bayesiyan Olmayan Yaş-Derinlik Modellemesi Yaklaşımlarının Karşılaştırmalı Analizi

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 244 - 250, 29.09.2025

Abstract

Bu çalışma, farklı sedimanter ortamlarda sıkça kullanılan farklı iki yaş-derinlik modelleme yaklaşımı olan Bacon ve Clam’in karşılaştırmalı bir değerlendirmesini sunmaktadır. Göl ve denizel ortamlardan daha önce yayımlanmış örnekler kullanılarak, her iki modelin değişken sedimantasyon hızları, veri çözünürlüğü ve stratigrafik karmaşıklıklar altında nasıl performans gösterdiği incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, Bacon’ın yeterli yaş kontrolüne sahip iken, kademeli olarak değişen sedimanter ortamlarda en iyi şekilde çalıştığını; Clam’in ise ani sedimantasyon değişiklikleri olan ortamlarda ve seyrek kronolojik veri içeren durumlarda daha esnek olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu sentez, güvenilir paleoçevresel veya paleosismolojik konstrüksyonlarda model seçiminin stratigrafik özellikler ve çalışma hedeflerine göre yönlendirilmesi gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır.

References

  • Biltekin, D., Eriş, K. K., Schachner, A., Yakupoğlu, N., & Yakupoğlu, C. (2025). Late Holocene vegetation dynamics and climate variations through pollen analysis of sediments from Lake Sülük (Çorum, Türkiye). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 334, 105280.
  • Blaauw, M. (2010). Methods and code for ‘classical’age-modelling of radiocarbon sequences. Quaternary geochronology, 5(5), 512-518.
  • Blaauw, M. (2022). CLAM: classical age-depth modelling of cores from deposits.
  • Blaauw, M., & Christen, J. A. (2013). Bacon Manual v2. 3.3. Queens University Belfast.
  • Brooks, S. (1998). Markov chain Monte Carlo method and its application. Journal of the royal statistical society: series D (the Statistician), 47(1), 69-100.
  • Çağatay, M. N., Eriş, K. K., Makaroglu, Ö., Yakupoğlu, N., Henry, P., Leroy, S. A. G., Uçarkuş, G., Sakınç, M., Yalamaz, B., Bozyiğit, C., & Kende, J. (2019). The Sea of Marmara during Marine Isotope Stages 5 and 6. Quaternary Science Reviews, 220, 124–141.
  • Erginal, A. E., Çağatay, M. N., Selim, H. H., Karabıyıkoğlu, M., Çakır, C., Yakupoğlu, N., Acar, D., Akbaş, A., & Kaya, H. (2019). Multi-proxy sedimentary records of dry-wet climate cycles during the last 2 ka from Lake Çıldır, East Anatolian Plateau, Turkey. Geografia Fisica e Dinamica Quaternaria, 42(1), 61–70.
  • Eriş, K. K., Yakupoğlu, C., Biltekin, D., Yakupoğlu, N., Sabuncu, A., Polonia, A., & Gasperini, L. (2024). Late Pleistocene-Holocene sea level and climate changes in the Gulf of Saros: Evidence from seismostratigraphic record and sediment core data. Quaternary International, 695, 18-30.
  • Kertész, T. G., Hubay, K., Buró, B., Jull, A. T., Mindszenty, A., Sipos, G., ... & Molnár, M. (2025). The last 40,000 years of a floodplain area (Tisza, Hungary) comparative case study of 14C and OSL methods. Radiocarbon, 1-23.
  • Lougheed, B. C., & Obrochta, S. P. (2019). A rapid, deterministic age‐depth modeling routine for geological sequences with inherent depth uncertainty. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 34(1), 122-133.
  • Ramsey, C. B., & Lee, S. (2013). Recent and planned developments of the program OxCal. Radiocarbon, 55(2), 720-730.
  • Reimer, P. J., Austin, W. E., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Blackwell, P. G., Ramsey, C. B., ... & Talamo, S. (2020). The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere radiocarbon age calibration curve (0–55 cal kBP). Radiocarbon, 62(4), 725-757.
  • Stuiver, M., & Reimer, P. J. (1993). Extended 14C data base and revised CALIB 3.0 14C age calibration program. Radiocarbon, 35(1), 215-230.
  • Telford, R. J., Heegaard, E., & Birks, H. J. B. (2004). All age–depth models are wrong: but how badly?. Quaternary science reviews, 23(1-2), 1-5.
  • Wright, A. J., Edwards, R. J., van de Plassche, O., Blaauw, M., Parnell, A. C., van der Borg, K., de Jong, A. F. M., Roe, H. M., Selby, K., & Black, S. (2017). Reconstructing the accumulation history of a saltmarsh sediment core: Which age-depth model is best? Quaternary Geochronology, 39, 35–67.
  • Yakupoğlu, N., Henry, P., Uçarkuş, G., Eriş, K. K., Demory, F., Crouzet, C., & Çağatay, M. N. (2022). Factors affecting thickness and frequency of turbidites triggered by earthquakes in Kumburgaz Basin, Sea of Marmara. Marine Geology, 452, 106900.
  • Yakupoğlu, N., Uçarkuş, G., Eriş, K. K., Henry, P., & Çağatay, M. N. (2019). Sedimentological and geochemical evidence for seismoturbidite generation in the Kumburgaz Basin, Sea of Marmara: Implications for earthquake recurrence along the Central High Segment of the North Anatolian Fault. Sedimentary Geology, 380, 31–44.

Comparative Evaluation of Bayesian and Non-Bayesian Age-Depth Modelling Approaches: Bacon and Clam Approaches in Sediment Core Studies: Examples of Subaqueous environments from Türkiye

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 244 - 250, 29.09.2025

Abstract

This study presents a comparative evaluation of two commonly used age-depth modelling approaches Bacon and Clam, applied to sediment cores from diverse depositional environments. Using previously published examples from lacustrine and marine settings, this study assesses how each model performs under variable sedimentation rates, data resolution, and stratigraphic complexity. The results highlight that Bacon is best suited for gradually varying depositional environments with sufficient age control, while Clam is more flexible in handling abrupt sedimentation changes and sparse chronological data. This synthesis emphasizes that model selection should be guided by the stratigraphic context and study objectives to ensure reliable paleoenvironmental or paleoseismological reconstructions.

References

  • Biltekin, D., Eriş, K. K., Schachner, A., Yakupoğlu, N., & Yakupoğlu, C. (2025). Late Holocene vegetation dynamics and climate variations through pollen analysis of sediments from Lake Sülük (Çorum, Türkiye). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 334, 105280.
  • Blaauw, M. (2010). Methods and code for ‘classical’age-modelling of radiocarbon sequences. Quaternary geochronology, 5(5), 512-518.
  • Blaauw, M. (2022). CLAM: classical age-depth modelling of cores from deposits.
  • Blaauw, M., & Christen, J. A. (2013). Bacon Manual v2. 3.3. Queens University Belfast.
  • Brooks, S. (1998). Markov chain Monte Carlo method and its application. Journal of the royal statistical society: series D (the Statistician), 47(1), 69-100.
  • Çağatay, M. N., Eriş, K. K., Makaroglu, Ö., Yakupoğlu, N., Henry, P., Leroy, S. A. G., Uçarkuş, G., Sakınç, M., Yalamaz, B., Bozyiğit, C., & Kende, J. (2019). The Sea of Marmara during Marine Isotope Stages 5 and 6. Quaternary Science Reviews, 220, 124–141.
  • Erginal, A. E., Çağatay, M. N., Selim, H. H., Karabıyıkoğlu, M., Çakır, C., Yakupoğlu, N., Acar, D., Akbaş, A., & Kaya, H. (2019). Multi-proxy sedimentary records of dry-wet climate cycles during the last 2 ka from Lake Çıldır, East Anatolian Plateau, Turkey. Geografia Fisica e Dinamica Quaternaria, 42(1), 61–70.
  • Eriş, K. K., Yakupoğlu, C., Biltekin, D., Yakupoğlu, N., Sabuncu, A., Polonia, A., & Gasperini, L. (2024). Late Pleistocene-Holocene sea level and climate changes in the Gulf of Saros: Evidence from seismostratigraphic record and sediment core data. Quaternary International, 695, 18-30.
  • Kertész, T. G., Hubay, K., Buró, B., Jull, A. T., Mindszenty, A., Sipos, G., ... & Molnár, M. (2025). The last 40,000 years of a floodplain area (Tisza, Hungary) comparative case study of 14C and OSL methods. Radiocarbon, 1-23.
  • Lougheed, B. C., & Obrochta, S. P. (2019). A rapid, deterministic age‐depth modeling routine for geological sequences with inherent depth uncertainty. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 34(1), 122-133.
  • Ramsey, C. B., & Lee, S. (2013). Recent and planned developments of the program OxCal. Radiocarbon, 55(2), 720-730.
  • Reimer, P. J., Austin, W. E., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Blackwell, P. G., Ramsey, C. B., ... & Talamo, S. (2020). The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere radiocarbon age calibration curve (0–55 cal kBP). Radiocarbon, 62(4), 725-757.
  • Stuiver, M., & Reimer, P. J. (1993). Extended 14C data base and revised CALIB 3.0 14C age calibration program. Radiocarbon, 35(1), 215-230.
  • Telford, R. J., Heegaard, E., & Birks, H. J. B. (2004). All age–depth models are wrong: but how badly?. Quaternary science reviews, 23(1-2), 1-5.
  • Wright, A. J., Edwards, R. J., van de Plassche, O., Blaauw, M., Parnell, A. C., van der Borg, K., de Jong, A. F. M., Roe, H. M., Selby, K., & Black, S. (2017). Reconstructing the accumulation history of a saltmarsh sediment core: Which age-depth model is best? Quaternary Geochronology, 39, 35–67.
  • Yakupoğlu, N., Henry, P., Uçarkuş, G., Eriş, K. K., Demory, F., Crouzet, C., & Çağatay, M. N. (2022). Factors affecting thickness and frequency of turbidites triggered by earthquakes in Kumburgaz Basin, Sea of Marmara. Marine Geology, 452, 106900.
  • Yakupoğlu, N., Uçarkuş, G., Eriş, K. K., Henry, P., & Çağatay, M. N. (2019). Sedimentological and geochemical evidence for seismoturbidite generation in the Kumburgaz Basin, Sea of Marmara: Implications for earthquake recurrence along the Central High Segment of the North Anatolian Fault. Sedimentary Geology, 380, 31–44.
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Geological Sciences and Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Nurettin Yakupoğlu 0000-0003-2837-5771

Publication Date September 29, 2025
Submission Date May 20, 2025
Acceptance Date August 19, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 12 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Yakupoğlu, N. (2025). Comparative Evaluation of Bayesian and Non-Bayesian Age-Depth Modelling Approaches: Bacon and Clam Approaches in Sediment Core Studies: Examples of Subaqueous environments from Türkiye. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 12(3), 244-250.