CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF HEMP (CANNABIS SATIVA L.) SEED OIL: A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE NARLI VARIETY

Abstract

This study analyzed the fatty acid profile and basic properties of the seed oil from the Narlı cultivar of Cannabis sativa L. farmed in Çumra Konya, Turkey. The two extraction methods evaluated were supercritical carbon-dioxide (SC-CO₂) extraction and mechanical cold pressing. A GC-FID system was used to measure essential analytical indices, including the distribution of fatty acids, refractive index, saponification and iodine values, along with acid and peroxide levels. The SC-CO₂ method yielded approximately 14% oil, whereas the cold-press method generated around 28%. In contrast to oils obtained via supercritical CO₂ extraction, oils from cold pressing demonstrated significantly lower oxidation values. The ratio of linoleic and α-linolenic acids was preserved. These results indicate that the extraction method significantly influences the oxidative stability and yield of Narlı hemp-seed oil. In practice, cold pressing yields an oil that is appropriate for dietary or nutritional purposes and is resistant to oxidation. Conversely, SC-CO₂ extraction increases the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, enhancing the final oil's suitability for medicinal and cosmetic uses.

Keywords

• Cannabis sativa L.
• Cold press
• Fatty acid composition
• Hemp seed oil
• Narlı variety
• Supercritical CO₂ extraction

KENEViR (CANNABIS SATIVA L.) TOHUM YAĞININ KİMYASAL ÖZELLİKLERİ VE YAĞ ASİDİ KOMPOZİSYONU: NARLI ÇEŞİDİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRMALI DEĞERLENDİRMESİ

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin Konya ili Çumra ilçesinde yetiştirilen Cannabis sativa L. türüne ait Narlı çeşidi kenevir tohum yağının yağ asidi profili ve temel kimyasal özelliklerini analiz etmiştir. İki farklı ekstraksiyon yöntemi değerlendirilmiştir: süperkritik karbondioksit (SC-CO₂) ekstraksiyonu ve mekanik soğuk presleme. Yağ asidi dağılımı, kırılma indisi, sabunlaşma ve iyot sayısı ile asit ve peroksit değerleri gibi temel analitik parametreler GC-FID sistemi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. SC-CO₂ yöntemiyle yaklaşık %14, soğuk pres yöntemiyle ise yaklaşık %28 oranında yağ elde edilmiştir. Süperkritik CO₂ ekstraksiyonu ile elde edilen yağlara kıyasla, soğuk presleme yöntemiyle üretilen yağların oksidasyon değerleri anlamlı derecede düşük bulunmuştur. Linoleik ve α-linolenik asit oranı korunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar, ekstraksiyon yönteminin Narlı çeşidi kenevir tohumu yağının oksidatif kararlılığı ve verimi üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Pratikte, soğuk pres yöntemiyle elde edilen yağ, beslenme veya gıda takviyesi amacıyla kullanıma uygun ve oksidasyona karşı dayanıklı bir ürün sunarken; SC-CO₂ ekstraksiyonu, çoklu doymamış yağ asitlerinin oranını artırarak tıbbi ve kozmetik uygulamalara uygun bir yağ elde edilmesini sağlar.

Keywords

• Cannabis sativa L.
• Soğuk pres
• Yağ asidi kompozisyonu
• Kenevir tohumu yağı
• Narlı çeşidi
• Süperkritik CO₂ ekstraksiyonu

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