Year 2019,
, 407 - 420, 15.08.2019
Gulden Kaya-uyanik
Duygu Gur-erdogan
,
Ozlem Canan-gungoren
References
- Afifi, A., & Clark, V. (2004). Computer-aided multivariate analysis. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
- Aftab, M., & Khatoon, T. (2012). Demographic differences and occupational stress of secondary school teachers. European Scientific Journal, 8(5), 159-175.
- Ahlering, I. (1963). Reactions by student teachers. The Clearing House, 37(6), 337-340
- Alpaslan, G., Bozgeyikli H., & Avci, A. (2017). Sinif ogretmeni adaylarinin basari yonelimleri ile mesleki kaygi duzeylerinin incelenmesi [An investigation of primary school pre-service teachers' achievement goal orientations and occupational concerns]. Journal of Abant Izzet Baysal University Faculty of Education, 17(1), 189-211
- Atmaca, H. (2013). Almanca, Fransizca ve Ingilizce ogretmenligi bolumlerinde okuyan ogretmen adaylarinin mesleki kaygilari. [The professional concerns of teacher candidates who enrolled in English, French and German teaching departments]. Turkish Studies - International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 8 (10), 67-76.
- Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
- Beyhan, O., Bariseri, N., & Sisman, Y. S. (2018). An investigation of pre-service preschool teachers’ occupational anxiety levels in terms of different variables. Social Sciences and Education Research Review, 5(1), 59-71.
- Bordens, K. S., & Abbott, B. B. (2011). Research design and methods: A process approach. New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies.
- Brown, M., & Ralph, S. (1992). Teacher stress. Research in Education, 4(1), 103-110
- Cabi, E., & Yalcinalp S. (2009). Ogretmen adaylarinin mesleki ve egitim teknolojilerini kullanma kaygi duzeylerine yonelik gorusleri. [Prospective teachers’ anxiety toward their job and technology]. In P. Askar, et al., (Eds.), 9th. International Educational Technology Conference (pp. 579-584). Hacettepe University, Turkey. Retrieved from http://www.iet-c.net/publication_folder/ietc/ietc2009.pdf
- Cabi, E., & Yalcinalp, S. (2013). Ogretmen adaylarina yonelik mesleki kaygi olcegi (MKO): gecerlik ve guvenirlik calismasi [Occupational anxiety scale for prospective teachers: a study on validity and reliability]. Hacettepe Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi Dergisi [Hacettepe University Journal of Education], 44, 85-96.
- Campbell, L. P., & Williamson, J. A. (1974). Disregard those anxieties: Reassurance for student teachers. Southern Journal of Educational Research, 8(1), 222-235
- Capel, S. A. (1997). Changes in students’ anxieties and concerns after their first and second teaching practices. Educational Research, 39(1), 211-228.
- Coates, T. J., & Thoresen, C. E. (1976). Teacher anxiety: A review with recommendations. Review of Educational Research, 46(1), 159-184.
- Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/ correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. London: England, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Cooper, C. L., & Kelly, M (1993). Occupational stress in head teachers: A national UK study. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 63(1), 130-143.
- Daniels L. M., Mandzuk, D., Perry, R. P., & Moore C. (2011). The effect of teacher candidates’ perceptions of their initial teacher education program on teaching anxiety, efficacy, and commitment. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 57(1), 88-106.
- Dropkin, S., & Taylor, M. (1963). Perceived problems of beginning teachers and related factors. Journal of Teacher Education, 14(4), 384-390.
- Erickson, J. K., & Rudd, J. B. (1967). Concerns of home economics students preceding their student teaching experience. Journal of Home Economics, 59(1), 732-734.
- Erktin, E., & Gulsecen, S. (2001). Egitimde bilisim teknolojilerinin kullanimini etkileyen psikolojik etmenler.[Psychological factors affecting the use of information technology in education]. Education and Science, 26 (121), 7-11.
- Erkus, A. (2011). Davranis bilimleri icin bilimsel arastirma sureci.[Scientific research process for behavioral sciences]. Ankara, Turkey: Seckin.
- Ferguson, K., Frost, L., & Hall, D. (2012). Predicting teacher anxiety, depression, and job satisfaction. Journal of Teaching and Learning, 8(1), 27-42.
- Fraenkel, J. R., & Wallen, N. E. (2006). How to design and evaluate research in education (6th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill .
- Fuller, F. F. (1969). Concerns of teachers: A developmental conceptualization. American Education Research Journal, 6(1), 207-226.
- Fuller, F. F., & Brown, O. H. (1975). Becoming a teacher. In K. Ryan (Ed.), Teacher education (Seventy-fourth yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
- Gopinathan, S., & Sharpe, L. (2007). The teacher is the key: Professionalism and the strategic state. In E. Thomas (Ed.), Teacher education dilemma and prospects (pp. 23-33). London, England: Routledge.
- Gokmen, A., & Ekici, G. (2018). Biyoloji ogretmen adaylarinin ogretmen oz-yeterlik algi duzeyleri ile mesleki kaygilari arasindaki iliskinin incelenmesi. [Investigating the relationship between preservice biology teachers’ perception level of teacher self-efficacy and their occupational anxiety]. Anatolian Journal of Teacher, 2(2), 17-28.
- Guillaume, A. M., & Rudney, G. L. (1993). Student teachers’ growth toward independence: An analysis of their changing concerns. Teaching and Teacher Education, 9(1), 65-80.
- Hair, J. F., Black, W. C, Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
- Harris, J., Mishra, P., & Koehler, M.J. (2009). Teachers’ technological pedagogical content knowledge and learning activity types: curriculum-based technology integration reframed. Journal of Research on Technology in Education- JRTE, 41(4), 393–416.
- Horzum, M. B., Akgun, O. E., & Ozturk, E. (2014). The psychometric properties of the technological pedagogical content knowledge scale. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 6(3), 544-557.
- Kalayci, S. (Ed.). (2009). Uygulamali cok degiskenli istatistik teknikleri [Applied multivariate statistical techniques]. Ankara: Asil.
- Karasar, N. (1999). Bilimsel arastirma yontemi [Scientific research method]. Ankara: Nobel Yayin Dagitim.
- Koehler, M. J., & Mishra, P. (2009). What is technological pedagogical content knowledge? Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 9(1), 60-70.
- Koh, J. H. L. (2018). TPACK design scaffolds for supporting teacher pedagogical change. Educational Technology Research and Development, 67(3), 577–595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-018-9627-5.
- Kokkinos, C. M. (2007). Job stressors, personality and burnout in primary school teachers. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 77(1), 229-243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/000709905X90344
- Kola, A. J, & Sunday, O. S. (2015). A Review of teacher self-efficacy, pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) and out-of-field teaching: focussing on Nigerian teachers. International Journal of Elementary Education, 4 (3), 80-85. doi: 10.11648/j.ijeedu.20150403.15
- Korucu, A. T., & Bicer, H. (2017). Ogretmen adaylarinin mesleki kaygi durumlari ve teknoloji kabul ve kullanim durumlarinin incelenmesi.[Investigation of teacher candidates’ occupational anxiety status and technology acceptance and condition of use]. Journal of Instructional Technologies & Teacher Education, 6(3), 111-124.
- Kyriacou, C., & Sutcliffe, J. (1978). Teacher stress: prevalence, sources and symptoms. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 48(2), 159-167.
- Kyriacou, C. (2001). Teacher stress: directions for future research. Educational Review, 53(1), 27–35.
- Lee, M. H., & Tsai, C.C (2010). Exploring teachers’ perceived self efficacy and technological pedagogical content knowledge with respect to educational use of the World Wide Web. Instr Sci, 38(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-008-9075-4
- Leech, N. L., Barlett, K. C., & Morgan, G. A. (2005). SPSS for intermediate statistics; Use and interpretation. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Mandzuk, D., & Hasinoff, A. (2010). Slices of life: managing dilemmas in middle grades teaching. case studies for professional development. Westerville, OH: National Middle School Association.
- Manthei, R., & Gilmore, A. (2006). Teacher stress in intermediate schools. Educational Research, 38 (1), 3-19.
- Mishra, P., & Koehler, M. J. (2006). Technological pedagogical content knowledge: a framework for teacher knowledge. Teachers College Record, 108(6), 1017–1054.
- Mondal, J., Shrestha, S., & Bhaila, A. (2011). School teachers: Job stress and job satisfaction, Kaski, Nepal. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 1(1), 27–33.
- Morton L. L., Vesco R., Williams N. H., & Awender M. A. (1997). Student teacher anxieties related to class management, pedagogy, evaluation, and staff relations. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 67 (1), 69-89.
- Niess, M. L. (2011). Investigating TPACK: knowledge growth in teaching with technology. Journal of educational computing research, 44(3), 299-317.
- Ngidi, D. P., & Sibaya, P. T. (2003). Student teacher anxieties related to practice teaching. South African Journal of Education, 23 (1), 18-22.
- Park, S., & Oliver, J. S. (2007). Revisiting the conceptualization of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK): PCK as a conceptual tool to understand teachers as professionals. Research in Science Education, 38(3), 261–284.
- Pedhazur, E. J. (1997). Multiple regressions in behavioral research: Explanation and prediction. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
- Pratt, J. (1978). Perceived stress among teachers: the effects of age and background of children taught. Educational Review, 30(1), 3-14.
- Sherry, A., & Henson, R. K. (2005). Conducting and interpreting canonical correlation analysis in personality research: A user-friendly primer. Journal of Personality Assessment, 84(1), 37-48.
- Shillingford-Butler, M. A., Patel, S. H., & Ngazimbi, E. E. (2012). The Role of the professional school counselor in reducing. teacher anxiety; ideas and research you can use: VISTAS 2012. Retrieved from https://www.counseling.org/resources/library/vistas/vistas12/Arti cle_58.pdf
- Shulman, L. S. (1986). Those who understand: knowledge growth in teaching. Educational researcher, 15(2), 4-14.
- Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2007). Dimensions of teacher self-efficacy and relations with strain factors, perceived collective teacher efficacy, and teacher burnout. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99(3), 611-625.
- Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2015). Job satisfaction, stress and coping strategies in the teaching profession—What do teachers say. International Education Studies, 8(3), 181-192.
- Sorenson, G., & Halpert, R. (1968), Stress in student teaching. California Educational Research Journal, 19(1), 28-33
- Stangor, C. (2010). Research methods for the behavioral sciences. Belmont, TN: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
- Stevens, J. P. (2009). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences. New York, NY: Routledge.
- Strassmeier, W. (1995). Occupational burden and job satisfaction-How can I reconcile both? The Special School, 4(1), 287-294.
- Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using Multivariate Statistics (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Allynand Bacon.
- Thompson, M. L. (1963). Identifying anxieties experienced by student teachers. Journal of Teacher Education, 14(1), 435-439.
- Travers, R. M. W., Rabinowitz, W., & Nemovicher, E. (1953). The anxieties of a group of student teachers. In R. M. W. Travers, W. Rabinowitz, & M. H. Page (Eds.), Exploratory studies in teacher personality. New York: City College, Division of Teacher Education, Office of Research and Evaluation.
- Varmuza, K., & Filzmoser, P. (2009). Introduction to multivariate statistical analysis in chemometrics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
- Venmaan, S. (1984). Perceived problems of beginning teachers. Review of Educational Research, 54(2), 143-178.
- Vogeli, A. (2015). Albania’s private school teachers and their stresses. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 4(1), 33-40. https://doi.org/10.5901/ajis.2015.v4n1s1p33
- Wey, H. W. (1951). Difficulties of beginning teachers. School Review, 59(1), 32-57.
- Yee, A. H. (1968). Interpersonal relationships in the student-teaching triad. Journal of Teacher Education, 19(1), 95-112.
- York, L. J. N. (1968). Relationships between problems of beginning elementary teachers, their personal characteristics, and their preferences for inservice education (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.
- Zeidner, M. (2007). Test anxiety in educational contexts: Concepts, findings, and future directions. In P. Schutz & R. Pekrun (Eds.), Emotion in education (pp. 165–184). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Examination of the Relationship between Prospective Teachers’ Occupational Anxiety and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge by Canonical Correlation
Year 2019,
, 407 - 420, 15.08.2019
Gulden Kaya-uyanik
Duygu Gur-erdogan
,
Ozlem Canan-gungoren
Abstract
In this study, it is aimed to examine the relationship between prospective teachers' occupational anxiety and technological pedagogical content knowledge. Correlational model was used in this study. The participants consisted of 481 prospective teachers studying at Sakarya University Faculty of Education in the spring term of 2018-2019 academic year. Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Scale (TPACKS) and Occupational Anxiety Scale (OAS) were used as data collection instruments. As a result of canonical correlation analysis, it was determined that technological pedagogical content knowledge affects occupational anxiety by 62%.
References
- Afifi, A., & Clark, V. (2004). Computer-aided multivariate analysis. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
- Aftab, M., & Khatoon, T. (2012). Demographic differences and occupational stress of secondary school teachers. European Scientific Journal, 8(5), 159-175.
- Ahlering, I. (1963). Reactions by student teachers. The Clearing House, 37(6), 337-340
- Alpaslan, G., Bozgeyikli H., & Avci, A. (2017). Sinif ogretmeni adaylarinin basari yonelimleri ile mesleki kaygi duzeylerinin incelenmesi [An investigation of primary school pre-service teachers' achievement goal orientations and occupational concerns]. Journal of Abant Izzet Baysal University Faculty of Education, 17(1), 189-211
- Atmaca, H. (2013). Almanca, Fransizca ve Ingilizce ogretmenligi bolumlerinde okuyan ogretmen adaylarinin mesleki kaygilari. [The professional concerns of teacher candidates who enrolled in English, French and German teaching departments]. Turkish Studies - International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 8 (10), 67-76.
- Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
- Beyhan, O., Bariseri, N., & Sisman, Y. S. (2018). An investigation of pre-service preschool teachers’ occupational anxiety levels in terms of different variables. Social Sciences and Education Research Review, 5(1), 59-71.
- Bordens, K. S., & Abbott, B. B. (2011). Research design and methods: A process approach. New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies.
- Brown, M., & Ralph, S. (1992). Teacher stress. Research in Education, 4(1), 103-110
- Cabi, E., & Yalcinalp S. (2009). Ogretmen adaylarinin mesleki ve egitim teknolojilerini kullanma kaygi duzeylerine yonelik gorusleri. [Prospective teachers’ anxiety toward their job and technology]. In P. Askar, et al., (Eds.), 9th. International Educational Technology Conference (pp. 579-584). Hacettepe University, Turkey. Retrieved from http://www.iet-c.net/publication_folder/ietc/ietc2009.pdf
- Cabi, E., & Yalcinalp, S. (2013). Ogretmen adaylarina yonelik mesleki kaygi olcegi (MKO): gecerlik ve guvenirlik calismasi [Occupational anxiety scale for prospective teachers: a study on validity and reliability]. Hacettepe Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi Dergisi [Hacettepe University Journal of Education], 44, 85-96.
- Campbell, L. P., & Williamson, J. A. (1974). Disregard those anxieties: Reassurance for student teachers. Southern Journal of Educational Research, 8(1), 222-235
- Capel, S. A. (1997). Changes in students’ anxieties and concerns after their first and second teaching practices. Educational Research, 39(1), 211-228.
- Coates, T. J., & Thoresen, C. E. (1976). Teacher anxiety: A review with recommendations. Review of Educational Research, 46(1), 159-184.
- Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/ correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. London: England, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Cooper, C. L., & Kelly, M (1993). Occupational stress in head teachers: A national UK study. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 63(1), 130-143.
- Daniels L. M., Mandzuk, D., Perry, R. P., & Moore C. (2011). The effect of teacher candidates’ perceptions of their initial teacher education program on teaching anxiety, efficacy, and commitment. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 57(1), 88-106.
- Dropkin, S., & Taylor, M. (1963). Perceived problems of beginning teachers and related factors. Journal of Teacher Education, 14(4), 384-390.
- Erickson, J. K., & Rudd, J. B. (1967). Concerns of home economics students preceding their student teaching experience. Journal of Home Economics, 59(1), 732-734.
- Erktin, E., & Gulsecen, S. (2001). Egitimde bilisim teknolojilerinin kullanimini etkileyen psikolojik etmenler.[Psychological factors affecting the use of information technology in education]. Education and Science, 26 (121), 7-11.
- Erkus, A. (2011). Davranis bilimleri icin bilimsel arastirma sureci.[Scientific research process for behavioral sciences]. Ankara, Turkey: Seckin.
- Ferguson, K., Frost, L., & Hall, D. (2012). Predicting teacher anxiety, depression, and job satisfaction. Journal of Teaching and Learning, 8(1), 27-42.
- Fraenkel, J. R., & Wallen, N. E. (2006). How to design and evaluate research in education (6th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill .
- Fuller, F. F. (1969). Concerns of teachers: A developmental conceptualization. American Education Research Journal, 6(1), 207-226.
- Fuller, F. F., & Brown, O. H. (1975). Becoming a teacher. In K. Ryan (Ed.), Teacher education (Seventy-fourth yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
- Gopinathan, S., & Sharpe, L. (2007). The teacher is the key: Professionalism and the strategic state. In E. Thomas (Ed.), Teacher education dilemma and prospects (pp. 23-33). London, England: Routledge.
- Gokmen, A., & Ekici, G. (2018). Biyoloji ogretmen adaylarinin ogretmen oz-yeterlik algi duzeyleri ile mesleki kaygilari arasindaki iliskinin incelenmesi. [Investigating the relationship between preservice biology teachers’ perception level of teacher self-efficacy and their occupational anxiety]. Anatolian Journal of Teacher, 2(2), 17-28.
- Guillaume, A. M., & Rudney, G. L. (1993). Student teachers’ growth toward independence: An analysis of their changing concerns. Teaching and Teacher Education, 9(1), 65-80.
- Hair, J. F., Black, W. C, Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
- Harris, J., Mishra, P., & Koehler, M.J. (2009). Teachers’ technological pedagogical content knowledge and learning activity types: curriculum-based technology integration reframed. Journal of Research on Technology in Education- JRTE, 41(4), 393–416.
- Horzum, M. B., Akgun, O. E., & Ozturk, E. (2014). The psychometric properties of the technological pedagogical content knowledge scale. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 6(3), 544-557.
- Kalayci, S. (Ed.). (2009). Uygulamali cok degiskenli istatistik teknikleri [Applied multivariate statistical techniques]. Ankara: Asil.
- Karasar, N. (1999). Bilimsel arastirma yontemi [Scientific research method]. Ankara: Nobel Yayin Dagitim.
- Koehler, M. J., & Mishra, P. (2009). What is technological pedagogical content knowledge? Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 9(1), 60-70.
- Koh, J. H. L. (2018). TPACK design scaffolds for supporting teacher pedagogical change. Educational Technology Research and Development, 67(3), 577–595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-018-9627-5.
- Kokkinos, C. M. (2007). Job stressors, personality and burnout in primary school teachers. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 77(1), 229-243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/000709905X90344
- Kola, A. J, & Sunday, O. S. (2015). A Review of teacher self-efficacy, pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) and out-of-field teaching: focussing on Nigerian teachers. International Journal of Elementary Education, 4 (3), 80-85. doi: 10.11648/j.ijeedu.20150403.15
- Korucu, A. T., & Bicer, H. (2017). Ogretmen adaylarinin mesleki kaygi durumlari ve teknoloji kabul ve kullanim durumlarinin incelenmesi.[Investigation of teacher candidates’ occupational anxiety status and technology acceptance and condition of use]. Journal of Instructional Technologies & Teacher Education, 6(3), 111-124.
- Kyriacou, C., & Sutcliffe, J. (1978). Teacher stress: prevalence, sources and symptoms. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 48(2), 159-167.
- Kyriacou, C. (2001). Teacher stress: directions for future research. Educational Review, 53(1), 27–35.
- Lee, M. H., & Tsai, C.C (2010). Exploring teachers’ perceived self efficacy and technological pedagogical content knowledge with respect to educational use of the World Wide Web. Instr Sci, 38(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-008-9075-4
- Leech, N. L., Barlett, K. C., & Morgan, G. A. (2005). SPSS for intermediate statistics; Use and interpretation. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Mandzuk, D., & Hasinoff, A. (2010). Slices of life: managing dilemmas in middle grades teaching. case studies for professional development. Westerville, OH: National Middle School Association.
- Manthei, R., & Gilmore, A. (2006). Teacher stress in intermediate schools. Educational Research, 38 (1), 3-19.
- Mishra, P., & Koehler, M. J. (2006). Technological pedagogical content knowledge: a framework for teacher knowledge. Teachers College Record, 108(6), 1017–1054.
- Mondal, J., Shrestha, S., & Bhaila, A. (2011). School teachers: Job stress and job satisfaction, Kaski, Nepal. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 1(1), 27–33.
- Morton L. L., Vesco R., Williams N. H., & Awender M. A. (1997). Student teacher anxieties related to class management, pedagogy, evaluation, and staff relations. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 67 (1), 69-89.
- Niess, M. L. (2011). Investigating TPACK: knowledge growth in teaching with technology. Journal of educational computing research, 44(3), 299-317.
- Ngidi, D. P., & Sibaya, P. T. (2003). Student teacher anxieties related to practice teaching. South African Journal of Education, 23 (1), 18-22.
- Park, S., & Oliver, J. S. (2007). Revisiting the conceptualization of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK): PCK as a conceptual tool to understand teachers as professionals. Research in Science Education, 38(3), 261–284.
- Pedhazur, E. J. (1997). Multiple regressions in behavioral research: Explanation and prediction. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
- Pratt, J. (1978). Perceived stress among teachers: the effects of age and background of children taught. Educational Review, 30(1), 3-14.
- Sherry, A., & Henson, R. K. (2005). Conducting and interpreting canonical correlation analysis in personality research: A user-friendly primer. Journal of Personality Assessment, 84(1), 37-48.
- Shillingford-Butler, M. A., Patel, S. H., & Ngazimbi, E. E. (2012). The Role of the professional school counselor in reducing. teacher anxiety; ideas and research you can use: VISTAS 2012. Retrieved from https://www.counseling.org/resources/library/vistas/vistas12/Arti cle_58.pdf
- Shulman, L. S. (1986). Those who understand: knowledge growth in teaching. Educational researcher, 15(2), 4-14.
- Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2007). Dimensions of teacher self-efficacy and relations with strain factors, perceived collective teacher efficacy, and teacher burnout. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99(3), 611-625.
- Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2015). Job satisfaction, stress and coping strategies in the teaching profession—What do teachers say. International Education Studies, 8(3), 181-192.
- Sorenson, G., & Halpert, R. (1968), Stress in student teaching. California Educational Research Journal, 19(1), 28-33
- Stangor, C. (2010). Research methods for the behavioral sciences. Belmont, TN: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
- Stevens, J. P. (2009). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences. New York, NY: Routledge.
- Strassmeier, W. (1995). Occupational burden and job satisfaction-How can I reconcile both? The Special School, 4(1), 287-294.
- Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using Multivariate Statistics (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Allynand Bacon.
- Thompson, M. L. (1963). Identifying anxieties experienced by student teachers. Journal of Teacher Education, 14(1), 435-439.
- Travers, R. M. W., Rabinowitz, W., & Nemovicher, E. (1953). The anxieties of a group of student teachers. In R. M. W. Travers, W. Rabinowitz, & M. H. Page (Eds.), Exploratory studies in teacher personality. New York: City College, Division of Teacher Education, Office of Research and Evaluation.
- Varmuza, K., & Filzmoser, P. (2009). Introduction to multivariate statistical analysis in chemometrics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
- Venmaan, S. (1984). Perceived problems of beginning teachers. Review of Educational Research, 54(2), 143-178.
- Vogeli, A. (2015). Albania’s private school teachers and their stresses. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 4(1), 33-40. https://doi.org/10.5901/ajis.2015.v4n1s1p33
- Wey, H. W. (1951). Difficulties of beginning teachers. School Review, 59(1), 32-57.
- Yee, A. H. (1968). Interpersonal relationships in the student-teaching triad. Journal of Teacher Education, 19(1), 95-112.
- York, L. J. N. (1968). Relationships between problems of beginning elementary teachers, their personal characteristics, and their preferences for inservice education (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.
- Zeidner, M. (2007). Test anxiety in educational contexts: Concepts, findings, and future directions. In P. Schutz & R. Pekrun (Eds.), Emotion in education (pp. 165–184). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.