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Solar Tracking Systems and A Two-Axis Active Prototype With Stepwise Movement

Year 2014, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 755 - 764, 01.12.2014

Abstract

In this work, criteria for a two-axis solar tracking system that provides a higher voltage and power output than a fixed solar panel, are determined and a prototype is realized with stepwise movement. From that point on, to design a practical solar tracker, extensive research studies were conducted which resulted in determination of optimal techniques and components. As a result, by using a small scale solar panel, servo motors as drive elements, Arduino processor as the controller, and a wireless transmitter that transmits voltage feedback to the controller, a two-axis active solar tracker is developed which moves in pre-determined steps

References

  • Fletcher J. C., “Sun Tracking Solar Energy Collector”, US Patent Office, 4111184, 2006
  • Stojadinovic N., “Build a Sun Tracker for Solar Panels”, Silicon Chip, 1995
  • Wright J., “Build a Sun-Tracking Circuit”, Popular Electronics, 1995
  • Kreider J. F., “Medium and High Temperature Solar Processes”, Academic Press, 1979
  • Monash University Faculty, “Students Create Energy Saving Solar Tracker”, What’s New in Electronics, Westwick, Malaysia, 2005
  • Altın, V., “Güneş Enerjisinden Yararlanılarak Elektrik Üretimi”, Mimar ve Mühendis Dergisi, 33, 28-31, 2004
  • Ay, S., “Elektrik Enerjisi Ekonomisi” Birsen Yayın Evi,İstanbul, 2008
  • Akkaya, R., Kulaksız, A.A. ve Aydoğdu, Ö., “Yüksek Verimli Fotovoltaik Sistemle Çalıştırılan Klima Sisteminin DSP Tabanlı Kontrolü”, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Konya, 2002
  • Altın, V., “Güneş Pillerinin Yapısı ve Çalışması”, Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi, 464-41, 2006
  • Markvart T. ve Castaner L., “Practical Handbook of Photovoltaics Fundamentals and Applications”, Elsevier, 2003
  • Günkaya E., Güneş Enerjisinden Yararlanarak Elektrik Üretimi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Isparta, 2001
  • Markvart T. “Solar electricity”, 2nd ed., New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc.;1996.
  • Khlaichom P, Sonthipermpoon K. “Optimization of solar tracking system based on genetic algorithms”, 2006.
  • Poulek V, Libra M., “New bifacial solar trackers and tracking concentrators”, 2007.
  • Tracstar., “Should you install a solar tracker?”; 2007
  • Bione J, Vilela OC, Fraidenraich N., “Comparison of the performance of PV water pumping systems driven by fixed, tracking and V-trough generators”, Solar Energy,76:703–11, 2004
  • Tomson T., “Discrete two-positional tracking of solar collectors”, Renewable Energy, 33:400–5, 2008
  • Ai B, Shen H, Ban Q, Ji B, Liao X., “Calculation of the hourly and daily radiation incident on three step tracking planes”, Energy Conversion and Management, 44:1999–2011, 2003
  • Lorenzo E, Perez M, Ezpeleta A, Acedo J. “Design of tracking photovoltaic systems with a single vertical axis”, Progress in PV Research and Applications, 10:533–43, 2002
  • Mumba J., “Development of a photovoltaic powered forced circulation grain dryer for use in the tropics”, Renewable Energy, 6(7):855–62, 2003
  • Pavel Y.V., Gonzalez H.J., Vorobiev Y.V., “Optimization of the solar energy collection in tracking and non-tracking PV solar system”, In: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on electrical and electronics engineering, ICEEE, p. 310–4, 2004
  • Chicco G, Schlabbach J, Spertino F., “Performance of grid-connected photovoltaic systems in fixed and sun-tracking configurations”, 2007
  • Baltas P., Tortoreli M., Russell P. E., “Evaluation of power output for fixed and step tracking PV arrays”, Solar Energy 37(20):147–63, 2006
  • Nann S., “Potential for tracking PV systems and V-troughs in moderate climates”, Solar Energy, 45(6):385–93, 1998
  • Stolfi F, Bersohn D, McIver B, Shaw S, Vance N, Wang X. “Solar concentrating and tracking apparatus”. Final report. Columbia University, Department of Mechanical Engineering; May 2, 2007.
  • Gay CF, Yerkes JW, Wilson JH. “Performance advantages of two- axis tracking for large flat- plate photovoltaic energy systems”. In: Proceedings of the 16th photovoltaic specialists conference, San Diego, September 27–30,; p. 1368–71. 1982
  • Kvasznicza Z, Elmer G. “Optimizing solar tracking systems for solar cells”. In: The 4th Serbian–Hungarian joint symposium on intelligent systems; 2006.
  • Clifford M.J., Eastwood D., “Design of a novel passive solar tracker”, Solar Energy, 77:269–80, 2004
  • Mwithiga G, Kigo SN. “Performance of a solar dryer with limited sun tracking capability”. Journal of Food Engineering;74:247–52, 2006
  • Poulek V. “Testing the new solar tracker with shape memory alloy actors”. Conference Record of the Twenty Fourth; IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 1:1131–3, 1994
  • Heredia I.L., Moreno J.M., Magalhaes P.H., Cervantes R., Que´me´ re´ G., Laurent O.. “Inspira’s CPV sun tracking (concentrator photovoltaics)” Springer; p. 221–51, 2007
  • Abdallah S., Nijmeh S., “Two axes sun tracking system with PLC control”. Energy Conversion and Management, 45:1931–9., 2004
  • Mamlook R., Nijmeh S., Abdallah S.M., “A programmable logic controller to control two axis sun tracking system”. Information Technology Journal, 5(6):1083–7., 2006
  • Al-Mohamad A., “Efficiency improvements of photo-voltaic panels using a suntracking system”. Applied Energy,79:345–54., 2004
  • Bingol O, Altıntaş¸ A, Öner Y. “Microcontroller based solar-tracking system and its implementation”. Journal of Engineering Sciences 12(2):243–8, 2006
  • Koyuncu B, Balasubramanian K. “A microprocessor controlled automatic suntracker”. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics;37(4):913–7, 1991
  • Peterson T, Rice J, Valane J. “Solar tracker”; 2005.
  • Kalogirou S.A., “Design and construction of a one-axis sun- tracking”, Solar Energy,57(6):465–9, 2006
  • Lynch W.A., Salameh Z. M., “Simple electro-optically controlled dual-axis sun Tracker”. Solar Energy, 45(2):65– 9., 1990
  • Karimov K. S., Saqib M. A., Akhter P., Ahmed M. M., Chatthad J. A. , Yousafzai S. A., “A simple photo- voltaic tracking system”,. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 2005
  • Poulek V., Libra M., “New solar tracker”. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 51:113–20, 1998
  • Alata M, Al-Nimr MA, Qaroush Y. “Developing a multipurpose sun tracking system using fuzzy control”. Energy Conversion and Management 2005
Year 2014, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 755 - 764, 01.12.2014

Abstract

References

  • Fletcher J. C., “Sun Tracking Solar Energy Collector”, US Patent Office, 4111184, 2006
  • Stojadinovic N., “Build a Sun Tracker for Solar Panels”, Silicon Chip, 1995
  • Wright J., “Build a Sun-Tracking Circuit”, Popular Electronics, 1995
  • Kreider J. F., “Medium and High Temperature Solar Processes”, Academic Press, 1979
  • Monash University Faculty, “Students Create Energy Saving Solar Tracker”, What’s New in Electronics, Westwick, Malaysia, 2005
  • Altın, V., “Güneş Enerjisinden Yararlanılarak Elektrik Üretimi”, Mimar ve Mühendis Dergisi, 33, 28-31, 2004
  • Ay, S., “Elektrik Enerjisi Ekonomisi” Birsen Yayın Evi,İstanbul, 2008
  • Akkaya, R., Kulaksız, A.A. ve Aydoğdu, Ö., “Yüksek Verimli Fotovoltaik Sistemle Çalıştırılan Klima Sisteminin DSP Tabanlı Kontrolü”, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Konya, 2002
  • Altın, V., “Güneş Pillerinin Yapısı ve Çalışması”, Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi, 464-41, 2006
  • Markvart T. ve Castaner L., “Practical Handbook of Photovoltaics Fundamentals and Applications”, Elsevier, 2003
  • Günkaya E., Güneş Enerjisinden Yararlanarak Elektrik Üretimi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Isparta, 2001
  • Markvart T. “Solar electricity”, 2nd ed., New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc.;1996.
  • Khlaichom P, Sonthipermpoon K. “Optimization of solar tracking system based on genetic algorithms”, 2006.
  • Poulek V, Libra M., “New bifacial solar trackers and tracking concentrators”, 2007.
  • Tracstar., “Should you install a solar tracker?”; 2007
  • Bione J, Vilela OC, Fraidenraich N., “Comparison of the performance of PV water pumping systems driven by fixed, tracking and V-trough generators”, Solar Energy,76:703–11, 2004
  • Tomson T., “Discrete two-positional tracking of solar collectors”, Renewable Energy, 33:400–5, 2008
  • Ai B, Shen H, Ban Q, Ji B, Liao X., “Calculation of the hourly and daily radiation incident on three step tracking planes”, Energy Conversion and Management, 44:1999–2011, 2003
  • Lorenzo E, Perez M, Ezpeleta A, Acedo J. “Design of tracking photovoltaic systems with a single vertical axis”, Progress in PV Research and Applications, 10:533–43, 2002
  • Mumba J., “Development of a photovoltaic powered forced circulation grain dryer for use in the tropics”, Renewable Energy, 6(7):855–62, 2003
  • Pavel Y.V., Gonzalez H.J., Vorobiev Y.V., “Optimization of the solar energy collection in tracking and non-tracking PV solar system”, In: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on electrical and electronics engineering, ICEEE, p. 310–4, 2004
  • Chicco G, Schlabbach J, Spertino F., “Performance of grid-connected photovoltaic systems in fixed and sun-tracking configurations”, 2007
  • Baltas P., Tortoreli M., Russell P. E., “Evaluation of power output for fixed and step tracking PV arrays”, Solar Energy 37(20):147–63, 2006
  • Nann S., “Potential for tracking PV systems and V-troughs in moderate climates”, Solar Energy, 45(6):385–93, 1998
  • Stolfi F, Bersohn D, McIver B, Shaw S, Vance N, Wang X. “Solar concentrating and tracking apparatus”. Final report. Columbia University, Department of Mechanical Engineering; May 2, 2007.
  • Gay CF, Yerkes JW, Wilson JH. “Performance advantages of two- axis tracking for large flat- plate photovoltaic energy systems”. In: Proceedings of the 16th photovoltaic specialists conference, San Diego, September 27–30,; p. 1368–71. 1982
  • Kvasznicza Z, Elmer G. “Optimizing solar tracking systems for solar cells”. In: The 4th Serbian–Hungarian joint symposium on intelligent systems; 2006.
  • Clifford M.J., Eastwood D., “Design of a novel passive solar tracker”, Solar Energy, 77:269–80, 2004
  • Mwithiga G, Kigo SN. “Performance of a solar dryer with limited sun tracking capability”. Journal of Food Engineering;74:247–52, 2006
  • Poulek V. “Testing the new solar tracker with shape memory alloy actors”. Conference Record of the Twenty Fourth; IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 1:1131–3, 1994
  • Heredia I.L., Moreno J.M., Magalhaes P.H., Cervantes R., Que´me´ re´ G., Laurent O.. “Inspira’s CPV sun tracking (concentrator photovoltaics)” Springer; p. 221–51, 2007
  • Abdallah S., Nijmeh S., “Two axes sun tracking system with PLC control”. Energy Conversion and Management, 45:1931–9., 2004
  • Mamlook R., Nijmeh S., Abdallah S.M., “A programmable logic controller to control two axis sun tracking system”. Information Technology Journal, 5(6):1083–7., 2006
  • Al-Mohamad A., “Efficiency improvements of photo-voltaic panels using a suntracking system”. Applied Energy,79:345–54., 2004
  • Bingol O, Altıntaş¸ A, Öner Y. “Microcontroller based solar-tracking system and its implementation”. Journal of Engineering Sciences 12(2):243–8, 2006
  • Koyuncu B, Balasubramanian K. “A microprocessor controlled automatic suntracker”. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics;37(4):913–7, 1991
  • Peterson T, Rice J, Valane J. “Solar tracker”; 2005.
  • Kalogirou S.A., “Design and construction of a one-axis sun- tracking”, Solar Energy,57(6):465–9, 2006
  • Lynch W.A., Salameh Z. M., “Simple electro-optically controlled dual-axis sun Tracker”. Solar Energy, 45(2):65– 9., 1990
  • Karimov K. S., Saqib M. A., Akhter P., Ahmed M. M., Chatthad J. A. , Yousafzai S. A., “A simple photo- voltaic tracking system”,. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 2005
  • Poulek V., Libra M., “New solar tracker”. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 51:113–20, 1998
  • Alata M, Al-Nimr MA, Qaroush Y. “Developing a multipurpose sun tracking system using fuzzy control”. Energy Conversion and Management 2005
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA22BM65TA
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Gökhan Oral This is me

Osman N. Uçan This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Oral, G., & Uçan, O. N. (2014). Solar Tracking Systems and A Two-Axis Active Prototype With Stepwise Movement. International Journal of Electronics Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, 4(2), 755-764.