COLOR DIFFERENTIATION OF WALL STONES: HISTORIC KARATAY COLLEGE BUILDING

Year 2019, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 5 - 16, 30.06.2019

Mehmet Kemal Gökay

Abstract

People in Anatolia have lived mainly in residential houses constructed by concrete and bricks.
There are also historic houses in small towns and villages which were built by
using building stones, bricks, adobe and wood in combination. However in the
case of public buildings, dimensioned stones had been used in Anatolia for the main construction
material since early times in history. Similarly KaratayCollege (Madrasah) buildings in Konya had been built by
using stones, wood and dimensioned stones in combination in 1251 for
educational purposes. It is logical to think that this building have been
repaired several times in history. Some of the early historic photographs
(dated 1890) of Konya which were taken for
general scenery purposes, covered also KaratayCollege building. These
photos present the college’s main entrance door and its frontier wall. Dimensioned
stones in this wall were also identified through the earlier photographs and
their current digitized surface colors have been defined one by one. Color
differentiation among them, together with similar stone types’ surface colors observed
around Konya city were determined to evaluate weathering influences on this
frontier wall stones. Defined surface color changes for analyzed frontier wall
stones demonstrated rock weathering due to climate, environments and human
influences which should be set to minimum level to protect Karatay college
building.

Keywords

Karatay College, Karatay Madrasah, Colors of building stones, Rock weathering, Rock colors

References

• [1]. Odabası, Z., 2016. Formatting the Karatay Madrasah and architectural sense extent, USAD. ISSN: 2548-0154, (in Turkish). 5: 253-270.
• [2]. Saydam, M., 2015. Determination of some mechanical, mineralogical, geo - chemical and pozzolanic properties of Sille rocks used in historical building in Konya region. Msc Thesis, (in Turkish), Civil Eng. Department, The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science of Selcuk University. Konya, Turkey, 109 P.
• [3]. Gokay, M.K and Gokay, B.E., 2017. Photographs of Karatay Museum entrance and Back side of Karatay Museum frontal wall, dated Feb., 2017.
• [4]. Yilmaz, E.M. and Ulusoy, M., 2017. Karatay Medresesi kapsaminda tarihi surecteki surdurulebilirlik, (in Turkish), Academia J. of Engineering and Applied Sciences. 1(3): 196-204.
• [5]. Ugur, M.F. and Koman, M.M., 1940. Selcuklu Buyuklerinden Celaleddin Karatay ile Kardeslerinin Hayat ve Eserleri, (in Turkish), Konya Halkevi Press, Konya, Turkey.
• [6]. Onder, M., 1956. Konya Rehberi. Yeni Kitapevi Press, (in Turkish), Konya, Turkey.
• [7]. Akok, M., 1970. Konya’da Karatay Medresesi rölöve ve mimarisi, Turk Archeology Journal, (Türk Arkeoloji Dergisi), (in Turkish), 18(2): 5-28.
• [8]. Erdemir, Y., 2009. Karatay Medresesi Cini Eserleri Muzesi, Konya, Published by Konya Governor Office, (in Turkish), Konya, Turkey.
• [9]. Erturk, M.A., 2011. Petrology of sub-volcanic rocks within the Mesozoic aged units in the North of Sille-Tatkoy (Konya), MSc Thesis, (in Turkish), Dept. of Geological Eng., The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sci. of Selcuk University. Konya, Turkey, 55 P.
• [10]. Goger, E. and Kiral, K., 1969. Kiziloren dolayinin jeolojisi, MTA Report No: 5204, (in Turkish), Ankara, Turkey.
• [11]. Eren, Y., 1993. Eldeş-Derbent-Tepekoy-Sogutozu (Konya) arasinin Jeolojisi, PhD Thesis, (in Turkish), The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science of Selcuk University. Konya, Turkey, 224 P.
• [12]. Winchester, J.A. and Floyd, P.A., 1977. Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using inmobile elements. Chemical Geology. 20: 325-343.
• [13]. Kekec, B., 2005. Yapi tasi olarak kullanilan bazi kayaclarin doku, fiziksel ve mekanik ozelliklerinin arastirilmasi, MSc Thesis, (in Turkish), Mining Eng. Department, The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science of Selcuk University. Konya, Turkey.
• [14]. Zedef, V., Kocak, K., Doyen, A., Ozsen, H. and Kekec, B., 2007. Effect of salt crystallization on stones of historical buildings and monuments, Konya, Central Turkey. Buildind and Environment. 42(3): 1453-1457.
• [15]. Fener, M. and Ince, I., 2015. Effects of the freeze–thaw (F–T) cycle on the andesitic rocks (Sille-Konya/Turkey) used in construction building. J. of African Earth Sciences, 109: 96-100.
• [16]. Kansun, G., 2018. Rock and mineral types of Sille stone, (Personel communication), May 2018, Selcuk University, Geological Engineering Dept. Konya, Turkey.
• [17]. Ozkan, A.M., 2000. Ulumuhsine-Tatköy (Konya) civarındaki üst miyosen-alt pliyosen yaşlı kumtaşlarının petrofasiyes özellikleri, Journal of Engineering & Science, Pamukkale University, Engineering Faculty, V6,N2-3, pp229-239.
• [18]. Ince, I. 2018. Rock types of historical monuments in Konya city, (Personel communication), Nov. 2018, Konya Technical University, Geological Engineering Dept. Konya, Turkey.
• [19]. Wedekind, W., Lo´pez-Doncel, R., Dohrmann, R., Kocher, M. and Siegesmund, S., 2013. Weathering of volcanic tuff rocks caused by moisture expansion, Environ Earth Science, DOI 10.1007/s12665-012-2158-1. 69: 1203–1224.
• [20]. Jamshidi, A., Nikudel, M.R. and Khamehchiyan, M., 2013. Predicting the long-term durability of building stones against freeze–thaw using a decay function model, Cold Regions Science and Technology. 92: 29–36.
• [21]. Mutluturk, M., Altindag, R. and Turk, G., 2004. A decay function model for the integrity loss of rock when subjected to recurrent cycles of freezing-thawing and heating–cooling. Int. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 41: 237–244.
• [22]. Gokay, M.K. and Gundogdu, I.B., 2008. Color identification of some Turkish marbles. Construction and Building Material. 22(7): 1342-1349.
• [23]. Benavente, D., Marti´nez-Verdu, F., Bernabeu, A., Viqueira, V., Fort, R., Garcia del Cura, M.A., Illueca, C. and Ordonez, S., 2003. Influence of surface roughness on color changes in building stones, COLOR Research and Application. 28(5): 343-351.
• [24]. Fitzner, B., 2004. Diagnosis of weathering damage on stone monuments, Conferencia Diagnosis of Weathering Damage on Stone Monuments Bacteria, Conferencia plenaria, Macla 18, Enero´14 workshop “Mineralogía Aplicada”. depósito legal: M-38920-2004, ISSN: 1885-7264.
• [25]. Moses, C., Robinson, D. and Barlow, J., 2014. Methods for measuring rock surface weathering and erosion: A critical review, Earth-Science Reviews. 135: 141–161.
• [26]. Potocnik, M., Klemenc, B., Solina, F. and Herlec, U., 2015. Computer aided method for color calibration and analysis of digital rock photographs, Geologija. 88(2): 247-260.
• [27]. Grossi, D., Del Lama, E.A., Gacia-Talegon, J., Inigo, A.C. and Vicente-Tavera,S., 2015. Evaluation of colorimetric changes in the Itaquera granite of the Ramos de Azevedo, International Journal of Conservation Science. 6(3): 313-322.
• [28]. Gokay, M.K., 2003. Effects of natural weathering of rock masses on their color appearances, Turkish Chambers of Mining Engineers, Mining Journal, (Technical note), Ankara, Turkey, 42(1): 35-42.
• [29]. Gokay M.K., 2018. Analyses of rock surface color changes due to weathering, Selcuk University, Journal of Engineering Science and Technology. 6(1): 1-13 (ISSN: 2147-9364 (electronic), doi:10.15317/Scitech.2018.111.