Unveiled assets of Solanaceae family plants: Mechanistic understanding of phytochemicals with therapeutic efficacy in addressing human ailments

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 99 - 112, 25.12.2025

Madhu Kushwaha , Dr. Pankaj Tiwari

Abstract

Plants exhibiting a wide array of bioactive compounds are pivotal for the preservation of human health and existence. The heterogeneity of bioactive compounds, each with its unique therapeutic attributes, enhances their significance within health systems, in addition to serving as a nutrient source. Investigations into the genetic structure and composition of bioactive compounds have disclosed their richness in steroidal alkaloids, saponins, terpenes, flavonoids, and phenolics. The Solanaceae family, characterized by a substantial variety of bioactive compounds exhibiting diverse pharmacological activities, presents considerable potential for the treatment of various ailments. Research focused on Solanum species has demonstrated their extensive pharmacological effects, which encompass antioxidant, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, nephroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ulcerogenic properties. Phytochemical assessments of isolated compounds such as diosgenin, solamargine, solanine, apigenin, and lupeol have indicated their cytotoxic effects across multiple cancer cell lines, including liver cancer (HepG2, Hep3B, SMMC-772), lung cancer (A549, H441, H520), human breast cancer (HBL-100), and prostate cancer (PC3). Given that analyses of their phytochemical constituents have demonstrated a significant impact on numerous signaling pathways, considerable scholarly attention has been directed towards elucidating the biological targets and cellular mechanisms implicated therein. In light of the promising attributes of bioactive constituents from various Solanum species, the primary focus has been on identifying and documenting significant cultivars, their phytochemical profiles, and their pharmacological characteristics. This review provides mechanistic insights into the bioactive components aimed at addressing various health conditions with minimal adverse effects, thereby contributing to advancements in medical research.

Keywords

Cancer , Phytochemicals , solanaceae , therapeutic index

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