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Biological Air Pollutants, Big Threat to Baby's Health in the Flats

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 1 - 10, 30.06.2024

Abstract

People spend about 90% of their life in the indoor environments soinvisible, indoor air pollution is one of the world’s main environmental risks that has great effect on human health and especially babies. This study undertaken in 120 flats in different districts of Ankara City. Concentration and type of bacteria and fungi identified in the flats where the babies spend most of of their time there. Also the health status of the babies and bioaerosols in the flats were evaluated. As a result, it is aimed to reveal the relationship between status of bioaerosols in flats and some health problems observed in the babies.
According to the sampling results, types of bacteria found inside the flats were, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Streptococcus, Neisseria and Bacillus, gr (-) Bacillus and types of fungi were, Penicillium, Sporothrix, Aspergillosis, Rhizopus, Alternaria, Stachybotrys, Acreminum, Sporothrichum and White Colon‎y. Concentration of bacteria in the 76% of flats exceeded 500 CFU/m³ and inside 50% of flats exceeded 1000 CFU/m³. Also concentration of fungi in the 11 % of flats exceeded 500 CFU/m³ and inside 60% of flats exceeded 1000 CFU/m³. Moreover concentration of bacteria and fungi in the indoor environments were found respectively 5.75 and 3 times more than outdoor environments.
According to statistical results, 80% of babies living in these flats had respiratory infection, %1 of them had allergy, %15 of babies had other diseases (chronic diarrhea and constipation, fever) and %4 of babies didn’t have any health problem. Obtained results states that concentration and types of bioaerosols inside the flats severely affect the baby’s health. Skin irritation and allergies on the chin, cheeks and throat area, allergic reaction, itching and atopic dermatitis, allergic reactions, redness and itching on the baby’s legs and arms, redness and rough patches under the armpit, eczema, itching between baby’s toes, inflammation of the eyelid, yellow-brown pimples on baby’s face and back have been seen in babies living in the flats with high levels of bacteria and fungi.

Supporting Institution

Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) Karabük Üniversity

Project Number

110Y082

Thanks

The author thanks to The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) for his support during collection of the data. Karabük Üniversity

References

  • J. Qian1, D. Hospodsky, N. Yamamoto1, W. W. Nazaroff, J.,2012,Size-resolved emission rates of airborne bacteria and fungi in an occupied classroom.
  • Cédric Baecher, Fanny Sohui, Leah Ball and Octave Masson, 2020.
  • Indoor air quality: Tackling the challenges of the invisible.
  • Rachel I. Adams and Seema Bhangar, et al., 2015, Chamber Bioaerosol Study: Outdoor air and human occupants as sources of indoor airborne microbes.
  • Rachel I Adams, Marzia Miletto, John W Taylor and Thomas D Bruns, 2013, Dispersal in microbes: Fungi in indoor air are dominated by outdoor air and show dispersal imitation at short distances.
  • Eray Yurtseven, 2017, Evaluation of indoor air in terms of its effects on human health in primary schools in two different geographical regions.
  • Jyotshna Mandal and Helmut Brandl, 2011, Bioaerosols in indoor environment- A Review with Special Reference to Residential and Occupational Locations.
  • Olivier Schlosser, Samuel Robert, Catherine Debeaupuis, 2016,Aspergillus fumigates and mesophilic moulds in air in the surrounding environment downwind of non-hazardous waste landfill sites.
  • Compendium of WHO and other UN guidance on health and environment, 2022, Air pollution. World Health Organization,Chapter 2.
  • Vinh Van Tran, Duckshin Park, and Young-Chul Lee1, 2020,Indoor air pollution, Related human diseases and recent trends in the control and improvement of indoor air quality, Int J Environ Res Public Health.
  • Shiaka, G. Peter and Yakubu, S. E, 2013, Comparative analysis of airborne microbial concentrations in theindoor environment of two selected clinical laboratories.
  • Hasan Hüseyin Eker, Ali Özer Mehmet Emin Aydın, 2020, Climate Change and Public Health in TurkeyTurkish, Academy of Sciences Publications.
  • 16th national public health congress book, 2013,Association of Public Health Experts.
  • Ayla Ünver Alçay, Semiha Yalçın, 2015, Indoor air bioaerosols and microbial air quality measurement methods.
  • Wyder AB, Boss R, Naskova J, Kaufmann T, Steiner A, Graber HU, 2011,Streptococcus.spp. and related bacteria, Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Berne, Switzerland.
  • Alvin Fox Emeritus, Mustafa Demirci, 2016,Bacteriology, University of Carolina.
  • Vernon Ahmad jian, David Moore, Constantine John Alexopoulos, 2016,Fungus.
  • Monica Bastos de Lima Barros, 2011, Sporothrix and Sporotrichosis.
  • M. D. Te´llez, A. Batista-Duharte, D. Portuondo, C. Quinello, R. Bonne-Herna´ndez and I. Z. Carlos, 2014, Sporothrixschenck complexbiology: Environment and fungal pathogenicity.
  • Sercan Ulusoy, 2010, Staphylococcal infections, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
  • Sait C. Sofuoğlu, 2016, Indoor air pollutants and their effect on human health.
  • Habibe Övet, 2010,Investigation of fungi in air samples of primary schools in Denizli city center and evaluation of allergen specific IgE measurements in serum, Pamukkale university, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology.
  • Pastuszka et al., 2013,Spectrum and concentration of culturable fungi in house dust from flats in warsaw, Poland.
  • Sevda Hatun Altın, 2015, Health effects of indoor air pollution.
  • Mashura Shammi1, Md Mostafizur Rahman and Shafi Mohammad Tareq. 2021, Distribution of bioaerosols in association withparticulate matter: A Review on Emerging Public Health Threat in Asian Megacities.
  • Abbas Norouzian Baghani, Armin Sorooshian, Mehdi Vosoughi Niri . 2021,On the nature of indoor airborne bioaerosols at a hospital in Iran, Journal of Air Pollution and Health.
Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 1 - 10, 30.06.2024

Abstract

Project Number

110Y082

References

  • J. Qian1, D. Hospodsky, N. Yamamoto1, W. W. Nazaroff, J.,2012,Size-resolved emission rates of airborne bacteria and fungi in an occupied classroom.
  • Cédric Baecher, Fanny Sohui, Leah Ball and Octave Masson, 2020.
  • Indoor air quality: Tackling the challenges of the invisible.
  • Rachel I. Adams and Seema Bhangar, et al., 2015, Chamber Bioaerosol Study: Outdoor air and human occupants as sources of indoor airborne microbes.
  • Rachel I Adams, Marzia Miletto, John W Taylor and Thomas D Bruns, 2013, Dispersal in microbes: Fungi in indoor air are dominated by outdoor air and show dispersal imitation at short distances.
  • Eray Yurtseven, 2017, Evaluation of indoor air in terms of its effects on human health in primary schools in two different geographical regions.
  • Jyotshna Mandal and Helmut Brandl, 2011, Bioaerosols in indoor environment- A Review with Special Reference to Residential and Occupational Locations.
  • Olivier Schlosser, Samuel Robert, Catherine Debeaupuis, 2016,Aspergillus fumigates and mesophilic moulds in air in the surrounding environment downwind of non-hazardous waste landfill sites.
  • Compendium of WHO and other UN guidance on health and environment, 2022, Air pollution. World Health Organization,Chapter 2.
  • Vinh Van Tran, Duckshin Park, and Young-Chul Lee1, 2020,Indoor air pollution, Related human diseases and recent trends in the control and improvement of indoor air quality, Int J Environ Res Public Health.
  • Shiaka, G. Peter and Yakubu, S. E, 2013, Comparative analysis of airborne microbial concentrations in theindoor environment of two selected clinical laboratories.
  • Hasan Hüseyin Eker, Ali Özer Mehmet Emin Aydın, 2020, Climate Change and Public Health in TurkeyTurkish, Academy of Sciences Publications.
  • 16th national public health congress book, 2013,Association of Public Health Experts.
  • Ayla Ünver Alçay, Semiha Yalçın, 2015, Indoor air bioaerosols and microbial air quality measurement methods.
  • Wyder AB, Boss R, Naskova J, Kaufmann T, Steiner A, Graber HU, 2011,Streptococcus.spp. and related bacteria, Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Berne, Switzerland.
  • Alvin Fox Emeritus, Mustafa Demirci, 2016,Bacteriology, University of Carolina.
  • Vernon Ahmad jian, David Moore, Constantine John Alexopoulos, 2016,Fungus.
  • Monica Bastos de Lima Barros, 2011, Sporothrix and Sporotrichosis.
  • M. D. Te´llez, A. Batista-Duharte, D. Portuondo, C. Quinello, R. Bonne-Herna´ndez and I. Z. Carlos, 2014, Sporothrixschenck complexbiology: Environment and fungal pathogenicity.
  • Sercan Ulusoy, 2010, Staphylococcal infections, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
  • Sait C. Sofuoğlu, 2016, Indoor air pollutants and their effect on human health.
  • Habibe Övet, 2010,Investigation of fungi in air samples of primary schools in Denizli city center and evaluation of allergen specific IgE measurements in serum, Pamukkale university, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology.
  • Pastuszka et al., 2013,Spectrum and concentration of culturable fungi in house dust from flats in warsaw, Poland.
  • Sevda Hatun Altın, 2015, Health effects of indoor air pollution.
  • Mashura Shammi1, Md Mostafizur Rahman and Shafi Mohammad Tareq. 2021, Distribution of bioaerosols in association withparticulate matter: A Review on Emerging Public Health Threat in Asian Megacities.
  • Abbas Norouzian Baghani, Armin Sorooshian, Mehdi Vosoughi Niri . 2021,On the nature of indoor airborne bioaerosols at a hospital in Iran, Journal of Air Pollution and Health.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Environmental Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Elham Aghlara

Project Number 110Y082
Publication Date June 30, 2024
Submission Date November 1, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Aghlara, E. (2024). Biological Air Pollutants, Big Threat to Baby’s Health in the Flats. International Journal of Environmental Pollution and Environmental Modelling, 7(1), 1-10.
AMA Aghlara E. Biological Air Pollutants, Big Threat to Baby’s Health in the Flats. Int. j. environ. pollut. environ. model. June 2024;7(1):1-10.
Chicago Aghlara, Elham. “Biological Air Pollutants, Big Threat to Baby’s Health in the Flats”. International Journal of Environmental Pollution and Environmental Modelling 7, no. 1 (June 2024): 1-10.
EndNote Aghlara E (June 1, 2024) Biological Air Pollutants, Big Threat to Baby’s Health in the Flats. International Journal of Environmental Pollution and Environmental Modelling 7 1 1–10.
IEEE E. Aghlara, “Biological Air Pollutants, Big Threat to Baby’s Health in the Flats”, Int. j. environ. pollut. environ. model., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2024.
ISNAD Aghlara, Elham. “Biological Air Pollutants, Big Threat to Baby’s Health in the Flats”. International Journal of Environmental Pollution and Environmental Modelling 7/1 (June 2024), 1-10.
JAMA Aghlara E. Biological Air Pollutants, Big Threat to Baby’s Health in the Flats. Int. j. environ. pollut. environ. model. 2024;7:1–10.
MLA Aghlara, Elham. “Biological Air Pollutants, Big Threat to Baby’s Health in the Flats”. International Journal of Environmental Pollution and Environmental Modelling, vol. 7, no. 1, 2024, pp. 1-10.
Vancouver Aghlara E. Biological Air Pollutants, Big Threat to Baby’s Health in the Flats. Int. j. environ. pollut. environ. model. 2024;7(1):1-10.
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