DIŞ TİCARETTE ÜLKE REKABET GÜCÜNE EKONOMİK ÖZGÜRLÜKLERİN ETKİSİ: OECD ÜLKELERİNDE UYGULAMA

Year 2018, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 86 - 119, 15.07.2018

Adnan Özdemir

Abstract

İktisat literatüründe genel olarak dış ticaretin ülke ve dolaylı olarak
dünya refahına olumlu etkisi olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Çok Uluslu Şirketler en uygun üretim
faktörlerini içinde barındıran ülkeleri keşfetmek için uğraşırken, ülkeler de
uluslararası sermayeyi kendilerine çekmek için çaba sarf etmektedirler. Ülkelerin dış
ticarette rekabet gücünü etkileyen çeşitli unsurların yanı sıra iş yapma
kolaylığını temsilen ekonomik özgürlükler de önemli bir değişken olarak
görülmektedir. Teorik çalışmalar ışığında ekonomik özgürlüğün yüksek olduğu
ülkelerin uluslararası ticarette daha rekabetçi olacağı öngörülmektedir. Bu
çalışmada konuyla ilgili teorik tartışmalar açıklanmış ve ampirik olarak
geçerliliği test edilmiştir. Bu amaçla OECD bünyesindeki ülkelerin 1995-2015
dönemine ait ekonomik verileri kullanılmıştır. OECD’yi oluşturan ülkelerin
farklı ekonomik özgürlük ve gelişmişlik seviyesine sahip olmasından kaynaklı
OECD ülkeleri yüksek ve düşük puanlı ülke grupları adı altında iki sınıfa
ayrılmıştır. Çalışmada Heritage Vakfının hazırladığı Ekonomik Özgürlükler Endeksi
ile WDI, OECDSTAT ve UNCTAD’ın yayınladığı Cari Denge/GSYİH, Dış Ticaret
Hacmi/GSYİH ve ülkeye giren Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar/GSYİH verileri arasında
ikinci kuşak panel birim kök ve eşbütünleşme testleri uygulanmıştır. Yüksek
ekonomik özgürlük puanına sahip ülkelerde ekonomik özgürlüklerin Cari
Denge/GSYİH ve Dış Ticaret Hacmi/GSYİH oranları ile arasında eşbütünleşme
ilişkisi olduğu tespit edilmişken, Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar/GSYİH oranı ile
eşbütünleşme ilişkisi ortaya konulamamıştır. Ancak düşük puanlı ülkeler için
ekonomik özgürlüklerin her üç değişkenle eşbütünleşik bir ilişki gösterdiği
tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar, Ekonomik Özgürlükler, Eşbütünleşme, Panel Birim Kök, Rekabet Gücü

IMPACT OF ECONOMIC FREEDOM ON COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF THE COUNTRY IN TRADE: IMPLEMENTATION IN OECD COUNTRIES

Abstract

In the economics literature,  foreign trade is considered to have a
positive impact on the country and indirectly to the World welfare. While
multinational companies are trying to discover countries that have the most
valuable production factors, so does countries are trying to attract foreign
direct investment to their countries. There are various factors that affect the
competitiveness of the countries in foreign trade. The economic freedoms mostly
implies the ease of doing business abroad are seen as a important variable. In
the light of theoretical studies, countries with high economic freedom are
expected to have a competitive advantage in international trade. In this study,
theoretical discussions on the subject were explained and empirically
validated. For this purpose, economic data from the countries within OECD for
the period 1995-2015 were used. Based on the level of economic freedom and
development, OECD countries are divided into two categories as high and low
scores countries. In this study, second-generation panel unit root and
cointegration tests were used between the economic freedoms index prepared by the
Heritage Foundation and the Current Balance/GDP, Foreign Trade Volume/GDP and
Foreign Direct Investments/GDP data published by WDI, OECDSTAT and UNCTAD. As
for countries with high scores,  there
was a correlation between the economic freedom and Current Balance/GDP and
Foreign Trade Volume/GDP, while there was not any correlation with the ratio of
Foreign Direct Investment/GDP. However, for countries with relatively low
scores, economic freedom have been found to have an integrated relationship
with all three variables.

Keywords

Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Freedom, Cointegration, Panel Unit Root, Competitive Advantage

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