The Model of “Free Investment & Centralised Management” in Renewable Energy Production Projects

Abstract

A significant increase is observed in electricity generation with renewable energy in Turkey in recent years. However, obviously, Turkey also utilizes a very small slice from that it has the potential of renewable energy. Depending on existing laws and regulations, renewable energy investments are carried out by private enterprises rather than public enterprises. However, especially, the renewable energy cooperatives, seen in many countries, have not yet been found in Turkey. It is an undeniable fact that this situation has both advantages and disadvantages. If Turkish citizens could freely invest even in small amounts, a new system would emerge that the state can regulate these investments and ensure energy supply security and it would provide that the renewable energy that could be the locomotive of Turkey. In this study, the advantages of the method which can do utilized renewable energy capacity owned by Turkey in a short time were investigated over the current situation with the model of “Free Investment & Centralized Management” in renewable energy production projects. In particular, the potential of solar, wind, and biomass energy types of Turkey in the regional base was compared with current installed power and it revealed the way to run about renewable energy. Studies show that Turkey has potential of at least 87 GW in solar energy, at least 114 GW in wind energy and 56 GW in biomass energy at installed power. With the implementation of the “Free Investment & Centralized Management” model, it is evaluated to be that estimated at least 500 billion dollars at cushion of capital will be saved to national production in Turkey, the amortization period of each renewable energy investment will be shortened by at least 15 months, the shorter amortization period would contribute to Turkey's national capital about 4 billion Turkish Liras annual, at least 100 million tons of CO2 will be reduced annually in greenhouse gas emissions released into the environment.

Keywords

• Renewable energy systems
• Energy economy
• Energy cooperative

References

1. [1] Erbilen, S. Ü., & Şahin, G. (2015). Enerji Coğrafyası Kapsamında Türkiye’de Linyit. Doğu Coğrafya Dergisi, 20(33), 135-160.
2. [2] Web: 2017 Doğalgaz Piyasası Sektör Raporu. URL: https://www.epdk.gov.tr/Detay/Icerik/3-0-94/dogal-gazyillik-sektor-raporu, Son Erişim Tarihi: 09.01.2021.
3. [3] Rincon, L., Puri, M., Kojakovic, A., & Maltsoglou, I. (2019). The contribution of sustainable bioenergy to renewable electricity generation in Turkey: Evidence based policy from an integrated energy and agriculture approach. Energy Policy, 130, 69-88.
4. [4] Bulut, U., & Muratoglu, G. (2018). Renewable energy in Turkey: Great potential, low but increasing utilization, and an empirical analysis on renewable energy-growth nexus. Energy Policy, 123, 240-250.
5. [5] Alper, F. Ö. (2018). Yenilenebilir enerji ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki: 1990-2017 Türkiye örneği. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(2), 223-242.
6. [6] Web: Enerji Kaynaklarına Göre Elektrik Enerjisi Üretimi ve Payları Raporu. URL: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=cevre-ve-enerji-103&dil=1, Latest Access: 09.01.2021.
7. [7] Web: Elektrik Santrallerinin Toplam Kurulu Gücü, Brüt Üretimi, Net Elektrik Tüketimi Raporu. URL: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=cevre-ve-enerji-103&dil=1, Latest Access: 09.01.2021.
8. [8] Abbott, M., & Cohen, B. (2019). Maintaining the security of supply in the Australian national electricity Market with higher levels of renewable energy. The Electricity Journal, 32(9), 106645.

9. [9] Gözen, M. (2014). Renewable energy support mechanism in Turkey: Financial analysis and recommendations to policymakers. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 4(2), 274-287.
10. [10] Dincer, F. (2011). Overview of the photovoltaic technology status and perspective in Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(8), 3768-3779.
11. [11] Web: Renewable Energy, Germany Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy. URL: https://www.bmwi.de/Redaktion/EN/Dossier/renewable-energy.html, Latest Access: 10.01.2021.
12. [12] Web: Eylül 2020 Kurulu Güç Raporu. URL: https://www.teias.gov.tr/tr-TR/kurulu-guc-raporlari, Latest Access: 10.01.2021.
13. [13] Web: Germany Deutscher Wetterdienst, Global Radiation in Germany. URL: https://www.dwd.de/EN/ourservices/solarenergy/maps_globalradiation_average.html?nn=495490, Latest Access: 10.01.2021.
14. [14] Web: Güneş Enerjisi Potansiyel Atlası. URL: https://gepa.enerji.gov.tr/MyCalculator/, Latest Access: 10.01.2021.
15. [15] Alcan, Y., Demir, M., & Duman, S. (2018). Sinop İlinin Güneş Enerjisinden Elektrik Üretim Potansiyelinin Ülkemiz ve Almanya ile Karşılaştırarak İncelenmesi. El-Cezeri Journal of Science and Engineering, 5(1), 35-44.
16. [16] Web: Rüzgar Enerjisi Potansiyel Atlası. URL: https://repa.enerji.gov.tr/REPA/, Latest Access: 10.01.2021.
17. [17] Web: Ocak 2020 Türkiye Rüzgar Enerjisi İstatistik Raporu. URL: https://tureb.com.tr//yayinlar/turkiye-ruzgar-enerjisi-istatistik-raporlari/5, Latest Access: 10.01.2021.
18. [18] Web: Biyokütle Enerjisi Potansiyel Atlası. URL: https://bepa.enerji.gov.tr/, Latest Access: 10.01.2021.
19. [19] Web: 1 MW Güneş Enerji Santrali GES Kurulum Maliyeti Aylık Yıllık Getiri. URL: https://www.powerenerji.com/1-mw-gunes-enerji-santrali-ges-kurulu-maliyeti-aylik-yillik-geliri.html#1_Mw_Guumlne351_Enerji_Santrali_Amortisman_Suumlresi_Vergi_Kanunlar305, Latest Access: 10.01.2021.
20. [20] Web: Lisanssız Enerji Üretimi ve 1MW Lisanssız GES Elektrik Üretim Tesisi Maliyet Cetveli. URL: https://www.enerjiportali.com/lisanssiz-enerji-uretimi-1mw-lisanssiz-ges-elektrik-uretim-tesisi-maliyet-cetveli/, Latest Access: 10.01.2021.
21. [21] Web: Güncel GES Maliyetleri ve Yeni Yönetmeliğin Etkileri. (2021, 10 Ocak). Enerji Portalı. URL: https://www.enerjiportali.com/guncel-ges-maliyetleri-ve-yeni-yonetmeligin-etkileri/, Latest Access: 10.01.2021.
22. [22] Web: Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarının Elektrik Enerjisi Üretimi Amaçlı Kullanımına İlişkin Kanun. URL: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2005/05/20050518-1.htm, Latest Access: 25.01.2021
23. [23] Tagliapietra, S., Zachmann, G., & Fredriksson, G. (2019). Estimating the cost of capital for wind energy investments in Turkey. Energy Policy, 131, 295-301..
24. [24] Ertuğrul, Ö. F., & Kurt, M. B. (2009). Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklari Maliyet Analizi ve Sürdürülebilir YEK Uygulamaları. V. Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklari Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı. Haziran, 37-42.
25. [25] Dikmen, A. Ç. (2019). Türkiye’de Güneş ve Rüzgar Enerjisinden Elektrik Üretiminin Sera Gazı Emisyonları ve Çevre Maliyetinin Azalmasına Katkıları. Electronic Turkish Studies, 14(2).
26. [26] Web: Yastık altı altınlar bankada değerlenecek, hem ülke hem vatandaş kazanacak. URL: https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/yastik-alti-altinlar-bankada-degerlenecek-hem-ulke-hem-vatandas-kazanacak-41612821, Latest Access: 09.01.2021.