Research Article
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Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 743 - 785, 25.09.2025

Emrah Kantaroğlu

https://doi.org/10.58559/ijes.1761941

Abstract

References

  • [1] Martins J, Brito F P. Alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. Energies 2020; 13(16): 4086.
  • [2] Kantaroğlu E. CFD-based analysis of performance and emissions in an i-DSI engine using various E-fuels and Syngas. Flow Turbul. Combust. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10494-025-00660-9
  • [3] Serrano J R, Novella R, Piqueras P. Why the development of internal combustion engines is still necessary to fight against global climate change from the perspective of transportation. Appl. Sci. 2019; 9(21): 4597.
  • [4] Liu H, Yu S, Wang T, Li J, Wang Y. A systematic review on sustainability assessment of internal combustion engines. J. Clean. Prod. 2024; 451: 141996.
  • [5] Liu C, Li Q. Air pollution, global warming and difficulties to replace fossil fuel with renewable energy. Atmos. Climate Sci. 2023; 13(4): 526–538.
  • [6] Filonchyk M, Peterson M P, Zhang L, Hurynovich V, He Y. Greenhouse gases emissions and global climate change: Examining the influence of CO2, CH4, and N2O. Sci. Total Environ. 2024; 935: 173359.
  • [7] United Nations. Framework Convention on Climate Change. Paris Agreement 2015. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/parisagreement_publication.pdf. Access: 10.08.2025.
  • [8] Leach F, Kalghatgi G, Stone R, Miles P. The scope for improving the efficiency and environmental impact of internal combustion engines. Transp. Eng. 2020: 1; 100005.
  • [9] Kantaroğlu E, Doğan A. Experimental investigation of the effects of JP8 and amorphous elemental boron additives on combustion characteristics for i-DSI engine. Int. J. Engine Res. 2025; 26(6): 885-902.
  • [10] Gray N, McDonagh S, O'Shea R, Smyth B, Murphy J D. Decarbonising ships, planes and trucks: An analysis of suitable low-carbon fuels for the maritime, aviation and haulage sectors. Adv. Appl. Energy 2021; 1: 100008.
  • [11] Schmuch R, Wagner R, Hörpel G, Placke T, Winter M. Performance and cost of materials for lithium-based rechargeable automotive batteries. Nat. Energy 2018; 3: 267–278.
  • [12] Roy H, Roy B N, Hasanuzzaman M, Islam M S, Abdel-Khalik A S, Hamad M S, Ahmed S. Global advancements and current challenges of electric vehicle batteries and their prospects: a comprehensive review. Sustainability 2022; 14(24): 16684.
  • [13] Virt M, Zöldy M. An AI-based fuel designer tool for sustainable E-fuel development: Methodology, Validation, and Optimization. Energy and AI 2025; 21: 100583.
  • [14] Miles, P. C. (2018). Potential of advanced combustion for fuel economy reduction in the light-duty fleet. Proc. SAE High-Efficiency Symp, 1508907.
  • [15] Viscardi R, Bassano C, Nigliaccio G, Deiana P. The potential of E-fuels as future fuels. Energia Ambiente Innovazione 2021; 1: 112–116.
  • [16] Boretti A. Advancements in e-fuel combustion systems for a sustainable energy future. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2024; 79: 258–266.
  • [17] Brynolf S, Taljegard M, Grahn M, Hansson J. Electrofuels for the transport sector: A review of production costs. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2018; 81(2): 1887–1905.
  • [18] Valera-Medina A, Xiao H, Owen-Jones M, David W I F, Bowden P J. Ammonia for power. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 2018; 69: 63–102.
  • [19] Goldmann A, Sauter W, Oettinger M, Kluge T, Schröder U, Seume J R, Friedrichs J, Dinkelacker F. A study on electrofuels in aviation. Energies 2018; 11(2): 392.
  • [20] Chan J H, Tsolakis A, Herreros J M, Kallis K X, Hergueta C, Sittichompoo S, Bogarra M. Combustion, gaseous emissions and PM characteristics of Di-Methyl Carbonate (DMC)-gasoline blend on gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engine. Fuel 2020; 263: 116742.
  • [21] Pan M, Qian W, Zheng Z, Huang R, Zhou X, Huang H, Li M. The potential of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as an alternative fuel for compression ignition engines with different EGR rates. Fuel 2019; 257: 115920.
  • [22] Yang J, Jiang Y, Karavalakis G, Johnson K C, Kumar S, Cocker III D R, Durbin T D. Impacts of dimethyl carbonate blends on gaseous and particulate emissions from a heavy-duty diesel engine. Fuel 2016; 184: 681-688.
  • [23] Kumar B R, Saravanan S. Partially premixed low temperature combustion using dimethyl carbonate (DMC) in a DI diesel engine for favorable smoke/NOx emissions. Fuel 2016; 180: 396-406.
  • [24] Glaude P A, Pitz W J, Thomson M J. Chemical kinetic modeling of dimethyl carbonate in an opposed-flow diffusion flame. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 2005; 30(1): 1111-1118.
  • [25] Alzueta M U, Salinas P, Millera A, Bilbao R, Abián M. A study of dimethyl carbonate conversion and its impact to minimize soot and NO emissions, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 2017; 36(3): 3985-3993.
  • [26] O’Connell N, Stümpfl D, Höß R, Lechner R. Potential of DMC and PODE as Fuel Additives for Industrial Diesel Engines. Fuels 2025; 6(2): 44.
  • [27] de Caro P S, Mouloungui Z, Vaitilingom G, Berge, J. C. Interest of combining an additive with diesel–ethanol blends for use in diesel engines. Fuel 2001; 80(4): 565–574.
  • [28] Armas O, Ballesteros R, Martos F J, Agudelo J R. Characterization of light duty diesel engine pollutant emissions using water-emulsified fuel. Fuel 2005; 84(7-8): 1011-1018.
  • [29] Engine catalog. Renault F8Q specifications 2025. https://mymotorlist.com/engines/renault/f8q/. Access: 10.08.2025.
  • [30] Renault Club engine database 2025. https://en.renault-club.cz/engine_detail.php?id=49. Access: 10.08.2025.
  • [31] Mitsubishi Motors Corporation 1996. 11A-0-1 Catalogue. https://w4a33.com/csm/Manuals/4G9%20Series%20Engine%20Workshop%20Manual%20PWEE9101-ABCDE.pdf. Access: 10.08.2025.
  • [32] Kılıç M. Numerical investigation of nanofluid applications in military system. J. Def. Sci. 2018; 17(1): 101–130.
  • [33] Hafiz Nik Ab Rashid N M, Hairuddin A A, Md Rezali K A, Masuri S U, Mossa M A A Numerical study of piston bowl geometries on PFI-HCCI engine performance. J. Mech. Eng. Sci. 2023; 17(4): 9689–9699.
  • [34] Kantaroğlu E. Influence of different Reynolds numbers and new geometries on water jacket cooling performance in a CI engine. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part E: J. Process Mech. Eng. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089241260876
  • [35] Yakhot V, Orszag S A. Renormalization group analysis of turbulence. I. Basic theory. Journal of Scientific Computing 1986; 1(1); 3–51.
  • [36] Mahle GmbH. Pistons and engine testing. 1st ed. Vieweg + Teubner, Wiesbaden, 2012.
  • [37] Lapuerta M, Armas O, Ballesteros R, Carmona M. Fuel Formulation Effects on Passenger Car Diesel Engine Particulate Emissions and Composition. SAE Technical Paper 2000; 2000-01-1850. https://doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-1850
  • [38] Han Z, Reitz R D. Turbulence modeling of internal combustion engines using RNG κ-ε models. Combust. Sci. Technol. 1995; 106(4–6): 267–295.
  • [39] Plengsa-ard C, Kaewbumrung M. CFD modelling wall heat transfer inside a combustion chamber using ANSYS Forte. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2018; 297: 012036.
  • [40] Fırat M. Investigation of multistage injection strategies in a DISI engine fueled with methane under stratified charge lean combustion conditions. Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy 2020; 39(5): 13402.
  • [41] Verma I, Bish E, Kuntz M, Meeks E, Puduppakkam K, Naik C, Liang L. CFD modeling of spark ignited gasoline engines—Part 1: Modeling the engine under motored and premixed-charge combustion mode. SAE Tech. Pap. 2016; 2016-01-0591.
  • [42] Aktaş F. Numerical investigation of the effects of engine speed on performance and combustion characteristics on a converted spark-ignition natural gas engine. Gazi Univ. J. Sci. Part C Des. Technol. 2022; 10(3): 613–626.
  • [43] Rahman K M. Experimental investigation and CFD simulation of mixture formation and combustion in hydrogen direct injection spark-ignition engine. PhD Thesis, Okayama University, 2018.
  • [44] Aktaş F, Aytaç Z, Yücel N. Numerical investigation of in-cylinder swirl motion under cold start conditions in a diesel engine. International Journal of Energy Studies 2025; 10(1): 1185–1202.
  • [45] O’Rourke P J, Amsden A A. A particle numerical model for wall film dynamics in port-injected engines. SAE Tech. Pap. 1996; 961961.
  • [46] Sorrentino, M, Mauramati F, Arsie I, Cricchio A, Pianese C, Nesci W. Application of Willans Line method for internal combustion engines scalability towards the design and optimization of eco-innovation solutions. SAE Tech. Pap. 2015; 2015-24-2397.
  • [47] Xiaolu L, Hongyan C, Zhiyong Z, Zhen H. Study of combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine operated with dimethyl carbonate. Energy Conversion and Management 2006; 47(11–12): 1438-1448.
  • [48] Wang H W, Huang Z H, Zhou L B, Jiang D M, Yang Z L. Investigation on emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine with oxygenated fuels and exhaust gas recirculation. Proc Inst Mech Eng, Part D: J Automobile Eng. 2000; 214(5): 503–508.
  • [49] Huang Z H, Wang H W, Chen H Y, Zhou L B, Jiang D M. Study of combustion characteristics of a compression ignition engine fuelled with dimethyl ether. Proc Inst Mech Eng, Part D: J Automobile Eng. 1999; 213(6): 647–652.
  • [50] Kantaroğlu E, Yontar A A, Doğu Y. Influence of acetone addition into gasoline for i-DSI engine. Sādhanā 2022; 47(1): 14.
  • [51] Canakci M. Performance and emissions characteristics of biodiesel from soybean oil. Proc Inst Mech Eng, Part D: J Automobile Eng. 2005; 219(7): 915–922.
  • [52] Asokan M A, Prabu S S, Kumar Bade P K, Nekkanti V M, Gopal Gutta S S. Performance, combustion and emission characteristics of juliflora biodiesel fuelled DI diesel engine. Energy 2019; 173: 883–892.
  • [53] Abdel-Rahman A A. On the emissions from internal combustion engines: A review. Int. J. Energy Res. 1998; 22(6): 483–513.
  • [54] Ramesh T, Sathiyagnanam A P, De Poures M V, Murugan P. A Comprehensive study on the effect of dimethyl carbonate oxygenate and EGRon emission reduction, combustion analysis, and performance enhancement of a CRDI diesel engine using a blend of diesel and prosopis juliflora biodiesel. International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2022; 2022(1): 5717362.
  • [55] Kethudaoglu G, Aktaş F, Karaaslan S, Polat S, Dinler N. Investigation of conversion of a diesel engine to homogeneous charge compression ignition engine using n-heptane: A zero-dimensional modeling. International Journal of Energy Studies 2023; 8(3): 535-556.

CFD-based evaluation of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) combustion in CI diesel engines using experimentally validated models

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 743 - 785, 25.09.2025

Emrah Kantaroğlu

https://doi.org/10.58559/ijes.1761941

Abstract

As the pursuit of sustainable energy solutions intensifies, internal combustion engines (ICEs) continue to play a vital role in heavy-duty transportation and long-distance applications. Within this framework, biofuels have gained prominence as renewable alternatives to conventional diesel, offering the potential to significantly reduce the environmental footprint of existing engine technologies. This study provides a comprehensive numerical assessment of DMC (dimethyl carbonate) in a compression-ignition (CI) engine using a thoroughly validated three-dimensional in-cylinder combustion computational fluid dynamics (3D ICC CFD) model. The model, developed for the Renault F8Q diesel engine, was calibrated against published experimental benchmarks and catalog specifications, ensuring high predictive reliability through extensive sensitivity analyses on mesh resolution, turbulence modeling, transient time-stepping, and heat transfer assumptions. Comparative simulations between standard diesel and the investigated DMC reveal notable shifts in combustion characteristics, performance, and emission trends. While DMC demonstrated lower unburned hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions due to its inherent oxygenated composition, increases in torque and power output were observed due to increased combustion efficiency due to the oxygen in the engine, alongside a tendency for increased nitrogen oxide formation under certain operating conditions.

Keywords

CI engine DMC Computational fluid dynamics

References

  • [1] Martins J, Brito F P. Alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. Energies 2020; 13(16): 4086.
  • [2] Kantaroğlu E. CFD-based analysis of performance and emissions in an i-DSI engine using various E-fuels and Syngas. Flow Turbul. Combust. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10494-025-00660-9
  • [3] Serrano J R, Novella R, Piqueras P. Why the development of internal combustion engines is still necessary to fight against global climate change from the perspective of transportation. Appl. Sci. 2019; 9(21): 4597.
  • [4] Liu H, Yu S, Wang T, Li J, Wang Y. A systematic review on sustainability assessment of internal combustion engines. J. Clean. Prod. 2024; 451: 141996.
  • [5] Liu C, Li Q. Air pollution, global warming and difficulties to replace fossil fuel with renewable energy. Atmos. Climate Sci. 2023; 13(4): 526–538.
  • [6] Filonchyk M, Peterson M P, Zhang L, Hurynovich V, He Y. Greenhouse gases emissions and global climate change: Examining the influence of CO2, CH4, and N2O. Sci. Total Environ. 2024; 935: 173359.
  • [7] United Nations. Framework Convention on Climate Change. Paris Agreement 2015. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/parisagreement_publication.pdf. Access: 10.08.2025.
  • [8] Leach F, Kalghatgi G, Stone R, Miles P. The scope for improving the efficiency and environmental impact of internal combustion engines. Transp. Eng. 2020: 1; 100005.
  • [9] Kantaroğlu E, Doğan A. Experimental investigation of the effects of JP8 and amorphous elemental boron additives on combustion characteristics for i-DSI engine. Int. J. Engine Res. 2025; 26(6): 885-902.
  • [10] Gray N, McDonagh S, O'Shea R, Smyth B, Murphy J D. Decarbonising ships, planes and trucks: An analysis of suitable low-carbon fuels for the maritime, aviation and haulage sectors. Adv. Appl. Energy 2021; 1: 100008.
  • [11] Schmuch R, Wagner R, Hörpel G, Placke T, Winter M. Performance and cost of materials for lithium-based rechargeable automotive batteries. Nat. Energy 2018; 3: 267–278.
  • [12] Roy H, Roy B N, Hasanuzzaman M, Islam M S, Abdel-Khalik A S, Hamad M S, Ahmed S. Global advancements and current challenges of electric vehicle batteries and their prospects: a comprehensive review. Sustainability 2022; 14(24): 16684.
  • [13] Virt M, Zöldy M. An AI-based fuel designer tool for sustainable E-fuel development: Methodology, Validation, and Optimization. Energy and AI 2025; 21: 100583.
  • [14] Miles, P. C. (2018). Potential of advanced combustion for fuel economy reduction in the light-duty fleet. Proc. SAE High-Efficiency Symp, 1508907.
  • [15] Viscardi R, Bassano C, Nigliaccio G, Deiana P. The potential of E-fuels as future fuels. Energia Ambiente Innovazione 2021; 1: 112–116.
  • [16] Boretti A. Advancements in e-fuel combustion systems for a sustainable energy future. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2024; 79: 258–266.
  • [17] Brynolf S, Taljegard M, Grahn M, Hansson J. Electrofuels for the transport sector: A review of production costs. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2018; 81(2): 1887–1905.
  • [18] Valera-Medina A, Xiao H, Owen-Jones M, David W I F, Bowden P J. Ammonia for power. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 2018; 69: 63–102.
  • [19] Goldmann A, Sauter W, Oettinger M, Kluge T, Schröder U, Seume J R, Friedrichs J, Dinkelacker F. A study on electrofuels in aviation. Energies 2018; 11(2): 392.
  • [20] Chan J H, Tsolakis A, Herreros J M, Kallis K X, Hergueta C, Sittichompoo S, Bogarra M. Combustion, gaseous emissions and PM characteristics of Di-Methyl Carbonate (DMC)-gasoline blend on gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engine. Fuel 2020; 263: 116742.
  • [21] Pan M, Qian W, Zheng Z, Huang R, Zhou X, Huang H, Li M. The potential of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as an alternative fuel for compression ignition engines with different EGR rates. Fuel 2019; 257: 115920.
  • [22] Yang J, Jiang Y, Karavalakis G, Johnson K C, Kumar S, Cocker III D R, Durbin T D. Impacts of dimethyl carbonate blends on gaseous and particulate emissions from a heavy-duty diesel engine. Fuel 2016; 184: 681-688.
  • [23] Kumar B R, Saravanan S. Partially premixed low temperature combustion using dimethyl carbonate (DMC) in a DI diesel engine for favorable smoke/NOx emissions. Fuel 2016; 180: 396-406.
  • [24] Glaude P A, Pitz W J, Thomson M J. Chemical kinetic modeling of dimethyl carbonate in an opposed-flow diffusion flame. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 2005; 30(1): 1111-1118.
  • [25] Alzueta M U, Salinas P, Millera A, Bilbao R, Abián M. A study of dimethyl carbonate conversion and its impact to minimize soot and NO emissions, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 2017; 36(3): 3985-3993.
  • [26] O’Connell N, Stümpfl D, Höß R, Lechner R. Potential of DMC and PODE as Fuel Additives for Industrial Diesel Engines. Fuels 2025; 6(2): 44.
  • [27] de Caro P S, Mouloungui Z, Vaitilingom G, Berge, J. C. Interest of combining an additive with diesel–ethanol blends for use in diesel engines. Fuel 2001; 80(4): 565–574.
  • [28] Armas O, Ballesteros R, Martos F J, Agudelo J R. Characterization of light duty diesel engine pollutant emissions using water-emulsified fuel. Fuel 2005; 84(7-8): 1011-1018.
  • [29] Engine catalog. Renault F8Q specifications 2025. https://mymotorlist.com/engines/renault/f8q/. Access: 10.08.2025.
  • [30] Renault Club engine database 2025. https://en.renault-club.cz/engine_detail.php?id=49. Access: 10.08.2025.
  • [31] Mitsubishi Motors Corporation 1996. 11A-0-1 Catalogue. https://w4a33.com/csm/Manuals/4G9%20Series%20Engine%20Workshop%20Manual%20PWEE9101-ABCDE.pdf. Access: 10.08.2025.
  • [32] Kılıç M. Numerical investigation of nanofluid applications in military system. J. Def. Sci. 2018; 17(1): 101–130.
  • [33] Hafiz Nik Ab Rashid N M, Hairuddin A A, Md Rezali K A, Masuri S U, Mossa M A A Numerical study of piston bowl geometries on PFI-HCCI engine performance. J. Mech. Eng. Sci. 2023; 17(4): 9689–9699.
  • [34] Kantaroğlu E. Influence of different Reynolds numbers and new geometries on water jacket cooling performance in a CI engine. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part E: J. Process Mech. Eng. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089241260876
  • [35] Yakhot V, Orszag S A. Renormalization group analysis of turbulence. I. Basic theory. Journal of Scientific Computing 1986; 1(1); 3–51.
  • [36] Mahle GmbH. Pistons and engine testing. 1st ed. Vieweg + Teubner, Wiesbaden, 2012.
  • [37] Lapuerta M, Armas O, Ballesteros R, Carmona M. Fuel Formulation Effects on Passenger Car Diesel Engine Particulate Emissions and Composition. SAE Technical Paper 2000; 2000-01-1850. https://doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-1850
  • [38] Han Z, Reitz R D. Turbulence modeling of internal combustion engines using RNG κ-ε models. Combust. Sci. Technol. 1995; 106(4–6): 267–295.
  • [39] Plengsa-ard C, Kaewbumrung M. CFD modelling wall heat transfer inside a combustion chamber using ANSYS Forte. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2018; 297: 012036.
  • [40] Fırat M. Investigation of multistage injection strategies in a DISI engine fueled with methane under stratified charge lean combustion conditions. Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy 2020; 39(5): 13402.
  • [41] Verma I, Bish E, Kuntz M, Meeks E, Puduppakkam K, Naik C, Liang L. CFD modeling of spark ignited gasoline engines—Part 1: Modeling the engine under motored and premixed-charge combustion mode. SAE Tech. Pap. 2016; 2016-01-0591.
  • [42] Aktaş F. Numerical investigation of the effects of engine speed on performance and combustion characteristics on a converted spark-ignition natural gas engine. Gazi Univ. J. Sci. Part C Des. Technol. 2022; 10(3): 613–626.
  • [43] Rahman K M. Experimental investigation and CFD simulation of mixture formation and combustion in hydrogen direct injection spark-ignition engine. PhD Thesis, Okayama University, 2018.
  • [44] Aktaş F, Aytaç Z, Yücel N. Numerical investigation of in-cylinder swirl motion under cold start conditions in a diesel engine. International Journal of Energy Studies 2025; 10(1): 1185–1202.
  • [45] O’Rourke P J, Amsden A A. A particle numerical model for wall film dynamics in port-injected engines. SAE Tech. Pap. 1996; 961961.
  • [46] Sorrentino, M, Mauramati F, Arsie I, Cricchio A, Pianese C, Nesci W. Application of Willans Line method for internal combustion engines scalability towards the design and optimization of eco-innovation solutions. SAE Tech. Pap. 2015; 2015-24-2397.
  • [47] Xiaolu L, Hongyan C, Zhiyong Z, Zhen H. Study of combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine operated with dimethyl carbonate. Energy Conversion and Management 2006; 47(11–12): 1438-1448.
  • [48] Wang H W, Huang Z H, Zhou L B, Jiang D M, Yang Z L. Investigation on emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine with oxygenated fuels and exhaust gas recirculation. Proc Inst Mech Eng, Part D: J Automobile Eng. 2000; 214(5): 503–508.
  • [49] Huang Z H, Wang H W, Chen H Y, Zhou L B, Jiang D M. Study of combustion characteristics of a compression ignition engine fuelled with dimethyl ether. Proc Inst Mech Eng, Part D: J Automobile Eng. 1999; 213(6): 647–652.
  • [50] Kantaroğlu E, Yontar A A, Doğu Y. Influence of acetone addition into gasoline for i-DSI engine. Sādhanā 2022; 47(1): 14.
  • [51] Canakci M. Performance and emissions characteristics of biodiesel from soybean oil. Proc Inst Mech Eng, Part D: J Automobile Eng. 2005; 219(7): 915–922.
  • [52] Asokan M A, Prabu S S, Kumar Bade P K, Nekkanti V M, Gopal Gutta S S. Performance, combustion and emission characteristics of juliflora biodiesel fuelled DI diesel engine. Energy 2019; 173: 883–892.
  • [53] Abdel-Rahman A A. On the emissions from internal combustion engines: A review. Int. J. Energy Res. 1998; 22(6): 483–513.
  • [54] Ramesh T, Sathiyagnanam A P, De Poures M V, Murugan P. A Comprehensive study on the effect of dimethyl carbonate oxygenate and EGRon emission reduction, combustion analysis, and performance enhancement of a CRDI diesel engine using a blend of diesel and prosopis juliflora biodiesel. International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2022; 2022(1): 5717362.
  • [55] Kethudaoglu G, Aktaş F, Karaaslan S, Polat S, Dinler N. Investigation of conversion of a diesel engine to homogeneous charge compression ignition engine using n-heptane: A zero-dimensional modeling. International Journal of Energy Studies 2023; 8(3): 535-556.
There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Internal Combustion Engines, Automotive Combustion and Fuel Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Emrah Kantaroğlu 0000-0002-6127-4318

Publication Date September 25, 2025
Submission Date August 10, 2025
Acceptance Date August 17, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 10 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Kantaroğlu, E. (2025). CFD-based evaluation of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) combustion in CI diesel engines using experimentally validated models. International Journal of Energy Studies, 10(3), 743-785. https://doi.org/10.58559/ijes.1761941
AMA Kantaroğlu E. CFD-based evaluation of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) combustion in CI diesel engines using experimentally validated models. Int J Energy Studies. September 2025;10(3):743-785. doi:10.58559/ijes.1761941
Chicago Kantaroğlu, Emrah. “CFD-Based Evaluation of Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC) Combustion in CI Diesel Engines Using Experimentally Validated Models”. International Journal of Energy Studies 10, no. 3 (September 2025): 743-85. https://doi.org/10.58559/ijes.1761941.
EndNote Kantaroğlu E (September 1, 2025) CFD-based evaluation of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) combustion in CI diesel engines using experimentally validated models. International Journal of Energy Studies 10 3 743–785.
IEEE E. Kantaroğlu, “CFD-based evaluation of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) combustion in CI diesel engines using experimentally validated models”, Int J Energy Studies, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 743–785, 2025, doi: 10.58559/ijes.1761941.
ISNAD Kantaroğlu, Emrah. “CFD-Based Evaluation of Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC) Combustion in CI Diesel Engines Using Experimentally Validated Models”. International Journal of Energy Studies 10/3 (September2025), 743-785. https://doi.org/10.58559/ijes.1761941.
JAMA Kantaroğlu E. CFD-based evaluation of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) combustion in CI diesel engines using experimentally validated models. Int J Energy Studies. 2025;10:743–785.
MLA Kantaroğlu, Emrah. “CFD-Based Evaluation of Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC) Combustion in CI Diesel Engines Using Experimentally Validated Models”. International Journal of Energy Studies, vol. 10, no. 3, 2025, pp. 743-85, doi:10.58559/ijes.1761941.
Vancouver Kantaroğlu E. CFD-based evaluation of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) combustion in CI diesel engines using experimentally validated models. Int J Energy Studies. 2025;10(3):743-85.
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