UNDERSTANDING SOLAR POWER SYSTEM AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO FREQUENCY REGULATION

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 1-2, 1 - 13, 31.12.2021

Hemlal Bhattarai , Karma Loday Dipesh Chhetrı Jai Ram Raı

Abstract

Thirst for renewable power systems is gaining popularity in recent times. Solar power system due to its inherent advantages and availability is one such renewable energy system that is gaining penetration in power system sectors. This paper covers the basic understanding of solar power, with a clear indication of solar power as one of the promising renewable energy options. Furthermore, the concept of energy storage system which is an essential requirement of solar power system along with frequency regulation is discussed highlighting multiple options that can be realized for appropriate implementation.

Keywords

Solar Power, Renewable Energy, Grid, Storage System, Frequency Regulations, State of Charge

Supporting Institution

Centre for Lighting and Energy Efficiency Studies (CLEES), JNEC, RUB

Project Number

NA

Thanks

I would like to thank the Centre for Lighting and Energy Efficiency Studies (CLEES), JNEC, RUB for always providing me support and guidance where necessary.

References

• The growth of renewable energy: What does the future hold? Earth.Org - Past | Present | Future. (2021, May 11). https://earth.org/the-growth-of-renewable-energy-what-does-the-future-hold/
• Shinn, L.. Renewable energy: The clean facts. NRDC. (2018, June 15). https://www.nrdc.org/stories/renewable-energy-clean-facts
• Kirby, Brendan J. Frequency Regulation Basics and Trends. United States. . (2005). https://doi.org/10.2172/885974
• Ashok, S. Solar energy. Encyclopedia Britannica. (2021, October 22). https://www.britannica.com/science/solar-energy
• El-Basit, W. A., Abdel-Maksooud, A. M., Kamh, S. A., & Soliman, F. New Investigation on the Applications and Computer Simulation of Photovoltaic Cells and Storage Systems. International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, (2015). 478-490.
• IRENA. Solar. International Renewable Energy Agency. https://www.irena.org/solar
• Generating electricity: Solar cells. Let's Talk Science. (2020, December 11). https://letstalkscience.ca/educational-resources/backgrounders/generating-electricity-solar-cells
• SunEdison.. Solar energy system components: On-grid and off-grid. Solar Power | Renewable Energy | Green Energy Blog. (2021, March 20). https://sunedisoninfra.com/blog/solar-energy-system-components-on-grid-and-off-grid/
• Energy Sage. How do solar batteries work? An overview. Get competing solar quotes online | EnergySage. (2021, September 16). https://www.energysage.com/energy-storage/storage-101/how-do-batteries-work/
• Blaabjerg, F., & Ionel, D. M. Renewable energy devices and systems with simulations in MATLAB® and ANSYS®. (2017). https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315367392
• Ogunniyi, E. O., & Pienaar, H. Overview of battery energy storage system advancement for renewable (photovoltaic) energy applications. 2017 International Conference on the Domestic Use of Energy (DUE). (2017). https://doi.org/10.23919/due.2017.7931849
• ADB. Handbook on battery energy storage system. Asian Development Bank, (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/TCS189791-2.
• Obaid, Z. A., Cipcigan, L. M., Abrahim, L., & Muhssin, M. T. Frequency control of future power systems: Reviewing and evaluating challenges and new control methods. Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 7(2018). (1), 9-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40565-018-0441-1
• Liu, Yong, Gracia, Jose R., Hadley, Stanton W., & Liu, Yilu. Wind/PV Generation for Frequency Regulation and Oscillation Damping in the Eastern Interconnection. United States. https://doi.org/10.2172/1113693
• González-Inostroza, P., Rahmann, C., Álvarez, R., Haas, J., Nowak, W., & Rehtanz, C. The role of fast frequency response of energy storage systems and renewables for ensuring frequency stability in future low-inertia power systems. Sustainability, 13(2021). (10), 5656. https://doi.org/10.339013105656
• Pappu, V. A. Implementing frequency regulation capability in a solar photovoltaic power plant. (2010). https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses/4798/.
• Zhu, M. The impact of new energy generation on grid frequency. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5089086
• Tada, K., Sato, T., Umemura, A., Takahashi, R., Tamura, J., Matsumura, Y., Taguchi, T., & Yamada, A. Frequency control of power system with solar and wind power stations by using frequency band control and Deadband control of HVDC interconnection line. Journal of Power and Energy Engineering, 06(2018). (09), 48-63. https://doi.org/10.4236/jpee.2018.69007
• Dash, S. Load Frequency Control of Solar PV and Solar Thermal Integrated Micro grid using Narma-L2 Controller. (2020). https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.05776
• Vidyanandan, K., & Senroy, N. Improved frequency regulation in wind-PV-DG hybrid microgrid using wind turbines. 2016 IEEE 6th International Conference on Power Systems (ICPS). (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/icpes.2016.7584249
• Kim, J., Kim, H., Kim, S., Jeon, J., & Choi, H.. Designing an energy storage system fuzzy PID controller for Microgrid islanded operation. Energies, 4(2011) (9), 1443-1460. https://doi.org/10.3390/en4091443
• Singh, S., Singh, S. K., Chanana, S., & Singh, Y. Frequency regulation of an isolated hybrid power system with battery energy storage system. Power And Energy Systems: Towards Sustainable Energy. (2014) https://doi.org/10.1109/pestse.2014.6805286
• Parthasarathy, C., Sirviö, K., Hafezi, H., & Laaksonen, H. Modelling battery energy storage systems for active network management—coordinated control design and validation. IET Renewable Power Generation, 15(2021). (11), 2426-2437. https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.12174
• National Grid Electricity System Operator NGESO, “Black Start from Non Traditional Generation Technologies: Power Island Strength and Stability in support of Black Start,” National Grid Electricity System Operator NGESO, United Kingdom, 2019
• Hajiaghasi, S., Salemnia, A., & Hamzeh, M. Hybrid energy storage system for microgrids applications: A review. Journal of Energy Storage, 21(2019)543-570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2018.12.017
• Hsu, C., Cheng, T., & Huang, H. Battery energy storage system for frequency regulation of isolated island Microgrid. Sensors and Materials, 33(2021). (4), 1245. https://doi.org/10.18494/sam.2021.3162
• NREL. Distributed Solar PV for Electricity System Resiliency. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, (2014)1-12. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy15osti/62631.pdf
• Xin, H., Liu, Y., Wang, Z., Gan, D., & Yang, T. A new frequency regulation strategy for photovoltaic systems without energy storage. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 4(2013). (4), 985-993. https://doi.org/10.1109/tste.2013.2261567
• Dreidy, M., Mokhlis, H., & Mekhilef, S. Inertia response and frequency control techniques for renewable energy sources: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 69 (2017), 144-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.170
• Aghamohammadi, M. R., & Abdolahinia, H. A new approach for optimal sizing of battery energy storage system for primary frequency control of islanded Microgrid. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 54 (2014)., 325-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2013.07.005
• Liu, Y., Zhu, L., Zhan, L., Gracia, J. R., King, T. J., & Liu, Y. Active power control of solar PV generation for large interconnection frequency regulation and oscillation damping. International Journal of Energy Research, 40 (2015). (3), 353-361. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.3362