Review Article
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Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 235 - 244, 31.08.2024

Abstract

References

  • Adagunodo, T.A., Sunmonu, L.A., Adeniji, A.A., 2015. An overview of magnetic method in mineral exploration. Journal of Global Ecology and Environment 3, 13-28.
  • Airo, L, 2015. Geophysical signatures of mineral deposit types in Finland. Geol Surv Finl Spec Paper 58, 9-70.
  • Alabi, A.A., Ogungbe, A.S., Adebo, B., Lama, O., 2010. Induced polarization interpretation for subsurface characterisation: A case study of Obadore, Lagos State. Archives of Physics Research (3), 34-43.
  • Ali, M.A.H., Mewafy, F.M., Qian, W., Alshehri, F., Ahmed, M.S., Saleem, H.A., 2023. Integration of Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Induced Polarization for Characterization and Mapping of (Pb-Zn-Ag) Sulfide Deposits. Minerals 13, 986. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13070986.
  • Alilou, K., Norouzi, G.H., Doulati, F., Abedi, M., 2014. Application of magnetometry, electrical resistivity and induced polarization for exploration of polymetal deposits, a case study. Halab Dandi, Zanjan, Iran. In: 2nd International conference on advances in engineering sciences and applied mathematics ICAESAM, 2014 May 1-5, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Binley, A., 2015. Tools and techniques: electrical methods G. Schubert (Ed.), Treatise on Geophysics (second ed.), Elsevier (2015), pp. 233-259.
  • Boivin, M., 2007. Advances in geophysics and technology for VMS exploration. In: Ore deposits and exploration technology proceedings of exploration 07: ffth decennial international conference on mineral exploration edited by Milkereit, pp 731–739, MB Geosolutions, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada Paper 50.
  • Clement, W.P., 2021. Geophysical site characterization David Alderton, Scott A. Elias (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Geology (second ed.), Academic Press (2021), pp. 805-814.
  • Dakir, I., Benamara, A., Aussonumi, H., Ouallali, A., Bahammou, Y.A., 2019. Application of induced paleomagnetism and resistivity to determine the location of metalliferous veins in the taroucht and Tabesbati area (Eastern Anti-Atlas Morocco). International Journal of Geophysics Article ID 5849019, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5849019.
  • Ema, M.A., Daniel, A.M., Ndidiamaka, N.E., 2018. Mapping Geological Structures Controlling Mineralization in Enyigba Area, South Eastern Nigeria, using Magnetic Inversion Technique. International Journal of Mining Science 4, 31-39.
  • Evrard, M., Dumont, G., Hermans, T., Chouteau, M., Francis, O., Pirard, E., Nguyen, F., 2018. Geophysical Investigation of the Pb-Zn Deposit of Lont-zen-Poppelsberg, Belgium. Minerals 8, 233. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8060233.
  • Eyankware, M.O., 2019. Integrated Landsat Imagery and Resistivity Methods in Evaluation of Groundwater Potential of Fractured Shale at Ejekwe Area, southeastern Nigeria, Unpublished PhD Thesis.
  • Eyankware, M.O., Akakuru, C.O., Eyankware, E.O., 2022. Interpretation of hydrochemical data using various geochemical models: a case study of Enyigba mining district of Abakaliki, Ebonyi state, SE. Nigeria. Sustainable Water Resources Management 8, 33 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-022-00613-4.
  • Eyankware, M.O., Aleke, G., 2021. Geoelectric investigation to determine fracture zones and aquifer vulnerability in southern Benue Trough southeastern Nigeria. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 14, 2259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-08542-w.
  • Eze, C.L., Adaora G.A., 2018. Ground magnetics survey over lead-zinc mineralization in Edor Cross River State Nigeria. Advances in Physics Theories and Applications 70, 1-5.
  • Ezeh, C.C., Ikegbunam, I.C., 2022. Delineation of potential zones of lead-zinc mineralization in Uburu Ohaozara L.G.A South Eastern Nigeria, using electrical resistivity tomography and induced polarization methods. International Journal of Physical Sciences 17 (3), 121-130. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS2022.5013.
  • Fatoye, F.B., Ibitomi, M.A., Omada, J.I., 2014. Lead-Zinc-Barytes mineralization in the Benue Trough, Nigeria: their geology, occurrences and economic perspective. Advances in Applied Science Research 5 (2), 86-92.
  • Haruna, I.V., 2017. Review of the basement geology and mineral belts of Nigeria. Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics 5 (1), 37-45.
  • Janos, F., 2011. Geological interpretation of results provided by geophysical methods in mineral exploration. Mineral exploration Digital Egyetem copyright 4.1.2-08/1/A-200-0033, pp. 1-20.
  • Kayode, J.S., Adelusi, A.O., 2010. Ground magnetic data interpretation of Ijebu-Jesa area, Southwestern Nigeria, using total component. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 2 (8), 703-709.
  • Mbah, V.O., Onwuemesi, A.G., Aniwetalu, E.U., 2015. Exploration of Lead-Zinc (Pb-Zn) Mineralization Using Very Low Frequency Electromanetic (VLF-EM) in Ishiagu, Ebonyi State. Journal of Geology & Geosciences 4, 214. https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000214.
  • Moreira, C.A., Borges, M.R., Vieira, G.M., Fillio, W.M., Montanheiro, M.A.F., 2012. Geological and geophysical data integration for delimitation of mineralized areas in a supergene manganese deposits. Geofísica Internacional 53, 199-210
  • Nabighian, M.N., Grauch, V.J.S., Hansen, R.O., LaFehr, T.R., Li, Y., Pearson, W.C., Peirce, J.W., Phillips, J.D., Ruder, M.E., 2005. The historical development of the magnetic method in exploration. Geophysics 70, 33-61. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2133784.
  • Nguyen, H., Drebenstedt, C., Bui, X.N., Bui, D.T., 2020. Prediction of blast-induced ground vibration in an open-pit mine by a novel hybrid model based on clustering and artificial neural network. Natural Resources Research 29 (2), 691-709. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-019-09470-z.
  • Nwachukwu, S.O., 1972. The tectonic evolution of the southern portion of Benue Trough Nigeria. Geological Magazine 99, 411-419.
  • Ogundipe, I., Obasi, R., 2016. Geology and mineralisation in the Albian Sediments of the Benue Trough, Nigeria. British Journal of Earth Sciences Research 4 (3), 1-15.
  • Oha, I.A., Onuoha, K.M., Dada, S.S., 2017. Contrasting styles of lead-zinc-barium mineralization in the Lower Benue Trough, Southeastern Nigeria. Earth Sciences Research Journal 21 (1), 7-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v21n1.3970.
  • Ojo, A.O., Omotoso, T.O., Adekunle, O.J. 2014. Determination of location and depth of mineral rocks at Olode, village Ibadan Oyo state, Nigeria using geophysical methods. International Journal of Geophysics 14, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/306862.
  • Okeke, O.C., Dioha, E.C., Umeorizu, I.B., Merole, M.C.N., Nwankwasi, J.T., Ekere, L. 2016. Physicochemical an bacteriological characteristics and quality assessment of groundwater from shallow aquifers in Abakaliki Town, southeastern Nigeria. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research/Sciences, Technology & Engineering 2, 60-75.
  • Okezie, C.N., 1957. The igneous rocks of Izekwe Ominyi and Nkpumeakwa Okuku districts of Ogoja Province. Interim Report No 2 on the mapping of the cretaceous igneous districts of southeastern Nigeria. Geological Survey of Nigeria Report No: 1380.
  • Okonkwo A.C., Okeke P.O., Opara A.I., 2014. Evaluation of self-potential anomalies over sulphide ore deposits at Ishiagu, Ebonyi State, Southeastern Nigeria. International Research Journal of Geology and Mining 4 (1), 9-19.
  • Orajaka, S., 1965. Geology of Enyigba, Ameri and Ameka lead-zinc mines. Journal of Geology 3, 49-51.
  • Revil, A., Florsch, N., Mao, D., 2015. Induced polarization response of porous media with metallic particles—Part 1: a theory for disseminated semiconductors Geophysics 80 (5) 525-538.
  • Shah, A.K., Bedrosian, P.A., Anderson, E.D., Kelley, K.D., Lang, J., 2013. Integrated geophysical imaging of a concealed mineral deposit: a case study of the world-class Pebble porphyry deposit in southwestern Alaska. Geophysics 78 (5), B317-B328.
  • Sikakwe, G.U., Amah, J.I., 2021. Application of integrated geophysical techniques in investigating Pb–Zn sulphide ore mineralization potential in part of the Benue Trough. Environmental Earth Sciences 80, 692. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-10009-w.
  • Sumner, J.S., 2012. Principles of Induced Polarization for Geophysical Exploration Elsevier (2012), p. 248.
  • Ukwuteyinor B.U., Ezeh, C.C., 2023. Assessment of depth to Lead-Zinc de posit in parts of Southern Benue Trough using integrated geophysical methods. Journal of Geology and Mining Research 15 (1), 1-9.
  • Usman, A.O., Omada, J.I., Omali, A.O., 2014. Application of Vlf-Em Geophysical Method in Delineating Pb-Zn Mineralization in Ishiagu Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics 2 (4), 38-46.
  • Vieira, L.B., Moreira, C.A., Corte,s A.R.P., Luvizotio, G.L., 2016. Geophysical modelling of the manganese deposit for induced polarization method in Itapira (Brazil). Geofísica Internacional 55, 107-117. Victor, M.O., Onwuemesi, A.G., Emmanuel, U., 2015. Exploration of Pb-Zn mineralization using very low frequency electromagnetic (VLF-EM) in Ishaigu, Ebonyi State. Geology & Geosciences 4 (4), 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2329-6755.1000214.
  • Yalçın, C., Canlı, H., 2024. IP/Resistivity methods for Pb-Zn deposit exploration: A case study in Sudöşeği, (Simav-Kütahya, Türkiye). Engineering Applications 3 (1), 27-35.
  • Yusuf, S.N., Faruk, M.U., Imagbe, L.O., Yohanna, O.M., Yusuf, I., Onoshagbegbe, A., Kamal, M., Jacob, T.T., 2022. Integrated geophysical investigation for lead and zinc mineralization in Wase, middle Benue Trough, Nigeria. Heliyon. 2022 Dec 21;8(12):e12541. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12541. PMID: 36593845; PMCID: PMC9803722.

Application of Geophysical Methods in the Determination of Pb-Zn Mineralization in Abakaliki, Parts of the Southern Benue Trough, Nigeria

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 235 - 244, 31.08.2024

Abstract

To identify Pb-Zn mineralization in the Abakaliki province, an integrated strategy was used for the objective of this study. Particularly in the Nsuba, Oputumo, Amenyi, Nsobo, and Opuitumo lodes. This investigation was conducted using two methods: the resistivity method (Dipole dipole configuration) and induced polarization (IP). The apparatus utilized for this research is the Abem Terrameter SAS 4000. There were ten (10) Dipole dipole arrays installed in the research region, with electrode spacing ranging from five to twenty meters in a NW-SE direction and a maximum spread of two hundred meters. Findings from the study suggested that mineralized zones, resistivity values ranging from 0.4 to 1354 Ω-m and chargeability values from -877 to 813 ms were found. Positive magnetic anomalies were found in areas below the ground that had unusually high chargeability and relatively low resistivity structures. This suggested that Pb-Zn minerals might be present. The mineralization, characterized as a mildly disseminated stockwork, leans towards a relatively epigenetic nature.

References

  • Adagunodo, T.A., Sunmonu, L.A., Adeniji, A.A., 2015. An overview of magnetic method in mineral exploration. Journal of Global Ecology and Environment 3, 13-28.
  • Airo, L, 2015. Geophysical signatures of mineral deposit types in Finland. Geol Surv Finl Spec Paper 58, 9-70.
  • Alabi, A.A., Ogungbe, A.S., Adebo, B., Lama, O., 2010. Induced polarization interpretation for subsurface characterisation: A case study of Obadore, Lagos State. Archives of Physics Research (3), 34-43.
  • Ali, M.A.H., Mewafy, F.M., Qian, W., Alshehri, F., Ahmed, M.S., Saleem, H.A., 2023. Integration of Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Induced Polarization for Characterization and Mapping of (Pb-Zn-Ag) Sulfide Deposits. Minerals 13, 986. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13070986.
  • Alilou, K., Norouzi, G.H., Doulati, F., Abedi, M., 2014. Application of magnetometry, electrical resistivity and induced polarization for exploration of polymetal deposits, a case study. Halab Dandi, Zanjan, Iran. In: 2nd International conference on advances in engineering sciences and applied mathematics ICAESAM, 2014 May 1-5, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Binley, A., 2015. Tools and techniques: electrical methods G. Schubert (Ed.), Treatise on Geophysics (second ed.), Elsevier (2015), pp. 233-259.
  • Boivin, M., 2007. Advances in geophysics and technology for VMS exploration. In: Ore deposits and exploration technology proceedings of exploration 07: ffth decennial international conference on mineral exploration edited by Milkereit, pp 731–739, MB Geosolutions, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada Paper 50.
  • Clement, W.P., 2021. Geophysical site characterization David Alderton, Scott A. Elias (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Geology (second ed.), Academic Press (2021), pp. 805-814.
  • Dakir, I., Benamara, A., Aussonumi, H., Ouallali, A., Bahammou, Y.A., 2019. Application of induced paleomagnetism and resistivity to determine the location of metalliferous veins in the taroucht and Tabesbati area (Eastern Anti-Atlas Morocco). International Journal of Geophysics Article ID 5849019, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5849019.
  • Ema, M.A., Daniel, A.M., Ndidiamaka, N.E., 2018. Mapping Geological Structures Controlling Mineralization in Enyigba Area, South Eastern Nigeria, using Magnetic Inversion Technique. International Journal of Mining Science 4, 31-39.
  • Evrard, M., Dumont, G., Hermans, T., Chouteau, M., Francis, O., Pirard, E., Nguyen, F., 2018. Geophysical Investigation of the Pb-Zn Deposit of Lont-zen-Poppelsberg, Belgium. Minerals 8, 233. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8060233.
  • Eyankware, M.O., 2019. Integrated Landsat Imagery and Resistivity Methods in Evaluation of Groundwater Potential of Fractured Shale at Ejekwe Area, southeastern Nigeria, Unpublished PhD Thesis.
  • Eyankware, M.O., Akakuru, C.O., Eyankware, E.O., 2022. Interpretation of hydrochemical data using various geochemical models: a case study of Enyigba mining district of Abakaliki, Ebonyi state, SE. Nigeria. Sustainable Water Resources Management 8, 33 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-022-00613-4.
  • Eyankware, M.O., Aleke, G., 2021. Geoelectric investigation to determine fracture zones and aquifer vulnerability in southern Benue Trough southeastern Nigeria. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 14, 2259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-08542-w.
  • Eze, C.L., Adaora G.A., 2018. Ground magnetics survey over lead-zinc mineralization in Edor Cross River State Nigeria. Advances in Physics Theories and Applications 70, 1-5.
  • Ezeh, C.C., Ikegbunam, I.C., 2022. Delineation of potential zones of lead-zinc mineralization in Uburu Ohaozara L.G.A South Eastern Nigeria, using electrical resistivity tomography and induced polarization methods. International Journal of Physical Sciences 17 (3), 121-130. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS2022.5013.
  • Fatoye, F.B., Ibitomi, M.A., Omada, J.I., 2014. Lead-Zinc-Barytes mineralization in the Benue Trough, Nigeria: their geology, occurrences and economic perspective. Advances in Applied Science Research 5 (2), 86-92.
  • Haruna, I.V., 2017. Review of the basement geology and mineral belts of Nigeria. Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics 5 (1), 37-45.
  • Janos, F., 2011. Geological interpretation of results provided by geophysical methods in mineral exploration. Mineral exploration Digital Egyetem copyright 4.1.2-08/1/A-200-0033, pp. 1-20.
  • Kayode, J.S., Adelusi, A.O., 2010. Ground magnetic data interpretation of Ijebu-Jesa area, Southwestern Nigeria, using total component. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 2 (8), 703-709.
  • Mbah, V.O., Onwuemesi, A.G., Aniwetalu, E.U., 2015. Exploration of Lead-Zinc (Pb-Zn) Mineralization Using Very Low Frequency Electromanetic (VLF-EM) in Ishiagu, Ebonyi State. Journal of Geology & Geosciences 4, 214. https://doi.org/10.4172/2381-8719.1000214.
  • Moreira, C.A., Borges, M.R., Vieira, G.M., Fillio, W.M., Montanheiro, M.A.F., 2012. Geological and geophysical data integration for delimitation of mineralized areas in a supergene manganese deposits. Geofísica Internacional 53, 199-210
  • Nabighian, M.N., Grauch, V.J.S., Hansen, R.O., LaFehr, T.R., Li, Y., Pearson, W.C., Peirce, J.W., Phillips, J.D., Ruder, M.E., 2005. The historical development of the magnetic method in exploration. Geophysics 70, 33-61. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2133784.
  • Nguyen, H., Drebenstedt, C., Bui, X.N., Bui, D.T., 2020. Prediction of blast-induced ground vibration in an open-pit mine by a novel hybrid model based on clustering and artificial neural network. Natural Resources Research 29 (2), 691-709. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-019-09470-z.
  • Nwachukwu, S.O., 1972. The tectonic evolution of the southern portion of Benue Trough Nigeria. Geological Magazine 99, 411-419.
  • Ogundipe, I., Obasi, R., 2016. Geology and mineralisation in the Albian Sediments of the Benue Trough, Nigeria. British Journal of Earth Sciences Research 4 (3), 1-15.
  • Oha, I.A., Onuoha, K.M., Dada, S.S., 2017. Contrasting styles of lead-zinc-barium mineralization in the Lower Benue Trough, Southeastern Nigeria. Earth Sciences Research Journal 21 (1), 7-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v21n1.3970.
  • Ojo, A.O., Omotoso, T.O., Adekunle, O.J. 2014. Determination of location and depth of mineral rocks at Olode, village Ibadan Oyo state, Nigeria using geophysical methods. International Journal of Geophysics 14, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/306862.
  • Okeke, O.C., Dioha, E.C., Umeorizu, I.B., Merole, M.C.N., Nwankwasi, J.T., Ekere, L. 2016. Physicochemical an bacteriological characteristics and quality assessment of groundwater from shallow aquifers in Abakaliki Town, southeastern Nigeria. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research/Sciences, Technology & Engineering 2, 60-75.
  • Okezie, C.N., 1957. The igneous rocks of Izekwe Ominyi and Nkpumeakwa Okuku districts of Ogoja Province. Interim Report No 2 on the mapping of the cretaceous igneous districts of southeastern Nigeria. Geological Survey of Nigeria Report No: 1380.
  • Okonkwo A.C., Okeke P.O., Opara A.I., 2014. Evaluation of self-potential anomalies over sulphide ore deposits at Ishiagu, Ebonyi State, Southeastern Nigeria. International Research Journal of Geology and Mining 4 (1), 9-19.
  • Orajaka, S., 1965. Geology of Enyigba, Ameri and Ameka lead-zinc mines. Journal of Geology 3, 49-51.
  • Revil, A., Florsch, N., Mao, D., 2015. Induced polarization response of porous media with metallic particles—Part 1: a theory for disseminated semiconductors Geophysics 80 (5) 525-538.
  • Shah, A.K., Bedrosian, P.A., Anderson, E.D., Kelley, K.D., Lang, J., 2013. Integrated geophysical imaging of a concealed mineral deposit: a case study of the world-class Pebble porphyry deposit in southwestern Alaska. Geophysics 78 (5), B317-B328.
  • Sikakwe, G.U., Amah, J.I., 2021. Application of integrated geophysical techniques in investigating Pb–Zn sulphide ore mineralization potential in part of the Benue Trough. Environmental Earth Sciences 80, 692. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-10009-w.
  • Sumner, J.S., 2012. Principles of Induced Polarization for Geophysical Exploration Elsevier (2012), p. 248.
  • Ukwuteyinor B.U., Ezeh, C.C., 2023. Assessment of depth to Lead-Zinc de posit in parts of Southern Benue Trough using integrated geophysical methods. Journal of Geology and Mining Research 15 (1), 1-9.
  • Usman, A.O., Omada, J.I., Omali, A.O., 2014. Application of Vlf-Em Geophysical Method in Delineating Pb-Zn Mineralization in Ishiagu Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics 2 (4), 38-46.
  • Vieira, L.B., Moreira, C.A., Corte,s A.R.P., Luvizotio, G.L., 2016. Geophysical modelling of the manganese deposit for induced polarization method in Itapira (Brazil). Geofísica Internacional 55, 107-117. Victor, M.O., Onwuemesi, A.G., Emmanuel, U., 2015. Exploration of Pb-Zn mineralization using very low frequency electromagnetic (VLF-EM) in Ishaigu, Ebonyi State. Geology & Geosciences 4 (4), 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2329-6755.1000214.
  • Yalçın, C., Canlı, H., 2024. IP/Resistivity methods for Pb-Zn deposit exploration: A case study in Sudöşeği, (Simav-Kütahya, Türkiye). Engineering Applications 3 (1), 27-35.
  • Yusuf, S.N., Faruk, M.U., Imagbe, L.O., Yohanna, O.M., Yusuf, I., Onoshagbegbe, A., Kamal, M., Jacob, T.T., 2022. Integrated geophysical investigation for lead and zinc mineralization in Wase, middle Benue Trough, Nigeria. Heliyon. 2022 Dec 21;8(12):e12541. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12541. PMID: 36593845; PMCID: PMC9803722.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Marine Geology and Geophysics
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ighrakpata C. Fidelia This is me

Osisanya Olajuwon Wasiu This is me

Ajibade Femi Zephaniah This is me

Publication Date August 31, 2024
Submission Date July 9, 2024
Acceptance Date August 24, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

AMA Fidelia IC, Wasiu OO, Zephaniah AF. Application of Geophysical Methods in the Determination of Pb-Zn Mineralization in Abakaliki, Parts of the Southern Benue Trough, Nigeria. IJESKA. August 2024;6(2):235-244.