Review Article
BibTex RIS Cite
Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 253 - 261, 31.08.2024

Abstract

References

  • Agarwal, R., Chaudhary, M., Singh, J., 2015. Waste management initiatives in India for human well being. European Scientific Journal 11 (10), 105-127.
  • Agrawal, S., Rayapudi, V., Dhawan, N., 2018. Extraction of Iron values from red mud. Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (9), 17064-17072.
  • Akcil, A., Akhmadiyeva, N., Abdulvaliyev, R., Abhilash, Meshram, P., 2018. Overview on extraction and separation of rare earth elements from red mud: focus on scandium. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 39 (3), 145-151.
  • Ashok, P., Sureshkumar, M.P., 2014. Experimental studies on concrete utilising red mud as a partial replacement of cement with hydrated lime. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 1-10.
  • Babisk, M.P., Amaral, L.F., da Silva Ribeiro, L., Vieira, C.M.F., do Prado, U.S., Gadioli, M.C.B., Oliveria, M.S., da Luz, F.S., Monteiro, S.N., Filho, F.C.G., 2020. Evaluation and application of sintered red mud and its incorporated clay ceramics as materials for building construction. Journal of Materials Research and Technology 9 (2), 2186-2195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.12.049.
  • Bo, W., Decheng, Z., Zhaozhong, Z., Ming, Z., 2005. The Study of Producing Aerated-Concrete Blocks from Red-Mud. China Resources Comprehensive Utilization, 6.
  • Boily, R., 2012. Twenty Cases of Red Hazard, an Inventory of Ecological Problems Caused by Bauxite Residue from Alumina Production. Inforex, Laval, Quebec, Canada.
  • Bonviu, F., 2014. The European economy: from a linear to a circular economy. Romanian Journal of European Affairs 14 (4), 78-91.
  • Borges, A.J.P., Hauser-Davis, R.A., de Oliveira, T.F., 2011. Cleaner red mud residue production at an alumina plant by applying experimental design techniques in the filtration stage. Journal of Cleaner Production 19 (15), 1763-1769.
  • Borra, C.R., Blanpain, B., Pontikes, Y., Binnemans, K., Van Gerven, T., 2016. Recovery of rare earths and other valuable metals from bauxite residue (red mud): a review. Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy 2 (4), 365-386.
  • Bose, B.P., 2022. State-of-the-art on Recycling of Construction and Demolition Waste in a Circular Economy: An Approach Towards Sustainable Development. International Journal of Earth Sciences Knowledge and Applications 4 (3), 516-523.
  • Bose, B.P., 2023. Valorization of Iron Ore Tailing (IOT) Waste Through the Circular Economy Concept: A Sustainable Solution Towards Mitigation of Resource Crisis and Climate Change. International Journal of Earth Sciences Knowledge and Applications 5 (2), 309-316
  • Bose, B.P., 2024. Development of Light Weight Bricks for Energy Efficient Buildings Using Rice Husk. International Journal of Earth Sciences Knowledge and Applications 6 (1), 12-20.
  • Bose, B.P., Dehuri, A.N., Bose, D.B., Ghosh, D., 2022. Plastic Waste Recycling: Experiences, Challenges and Possibilities in a Circular Economy-A State-of-the-Art Review. International Journal of Earth Sciences Knowledge and Applications 4 (3), 524-534.
  • Bose, B.P., Dhar, M., 2022. Dredged Sediments are One of the Valuable Resources: A Review. International Journal of Earth Sciences Knowledge and Applications 4 (2), 324-331.
  • Bose, B.P., Dhar, M., Ghosh, D., 2022a. Stockholm Conference to Kyoto Protocol – A Review of Climate Change Mitigation Initiatives International Journal of Earth Sciences Knowledge and Applications 4 (2), 338-350.
  • Bose, B.P., Dhar, M., Ghosh, D., 2022b. Bio-Waste To Bio-Energy: A Perspective From India. International Journal of Applied and Advanced Scientific Research 7 (1), 51-60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6326890.
  • Bose, B.P., Shaıkh, J., Roy, N., Dehuri, A.N., Dhar, M., Bose, D., Ghosh, D., 2021. Quantifying Sustainability and Energy Benefit by Recycling of Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBS) on Replacement of Natural Fertile Topsoil Using for Fired Clay Brick Making Process – An Experimental Study. International Journal of Earth Sciences Knowledge and Applications 3(3): 244-25.
  • Bose, B.P., Shaikh, J., Roy, N., Dehuri, N., Dhar, M., Ghosh, D., 2019. The possibility of CO2 emission reduction by using BFS waste in brick-making process through CDM, in India: A Sustainable approach. International Journal of Geology, Earth & Environmental Sciences 9 (3), 62-70.
  • Cezarino, L.O., Liboni, L.B., Stefanelli, N.O., Oliveira, B.G., Stocco, L.C., 2019. Diving into emerging economies bottleneck: Industry 4.0 and implications for circular economy. Management Decision 59 (8), 1841-1862.
  • Chen, R., Cai, G., Dong, X., Mi, D., Puppala, A. J., Duan, W., 2019. Mechanical properties and micro-mechanism of loess roadbed filling using by-product red mud as a partial alternative. Construction and Building Materials 216, 188-201.
  • Chen, S., Du, Z., Zhang, Z., Yin, D., Feng, F., Ma, J., 2020. Effects of red mud additions on gangue-cemented paste backfill properties. Powder Technology 367, 833-840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2020.03.055.
  • Ciccu, R., Ghiani, M., Serci, A., Fadda, S., Peretti, R., Zucca, A., 2003. Heavy metal immobilization in the mining-contaminated soils using various industrial wastes. Minerals Engineering 16 (3), 187-192.
  • Corona, B., Shen, L., Reike, D., Carreón, J.R., Worrell, E., 2019. Towards sustainable development through the circular economy—A review and critical assessment on current circularity metrics. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 151, 104498.
  • Cozzolino, A., Cappai, G., Cara, S., Milia, S., Ardu, R., Tamburini, E., Carucci, A., 2023. Bioleaching of Valuable Elements from Red Mud: A Study on the Potential of Non-Enriched Biomass. Minerals 13 (7), 856.
  • Deutz, P., Baxter, H., Gibbs, D., Mayes, W.M., Gomes, H.I., 2017. Resource recovery and remediation of highly alkaline residues: A political-industrial ecology approach to building a circular economy. Geoforum 85, 336-344.
  • Dong, W., Liang, K., Qin, Y., Ma, H., Zhao, X., Zhang, L., Zhu, S., Yu, Y., Bian, D., Yang, J., 2019. Hydrothermal Conversion of Red Mud into Magnetic Adsorbent for Effective Adsorption of Zn (II) in Water. Applied Sciences 9 (8), 1519.
  • Esposito, M., Tse, T., Soufani, K., 2018. Introducing a circular economy: new thinking with new managerial and policy implications. California Management Review 60 (3), 5-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/000812561876.
  • Gao, F., Zhang, J., Deng, X., Wang, K., He, C., Li, X., Wei, Y., 2019. Comprehensive Recovery of Iron and Aluminum from Ordinary Bayer Red Mud by Reductive Sintering–Magnetic Separation–Digesting Process. JOM 71, 2936-2943. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-018-3311-4.
  • Garau, G., Silvetti, M., Deiana, S., Deiana, P., Castaldi, P., 2011. Long-term influence of red mud on as mobility and soil physico-chemical and microbial parameters in a polluted sub-acidic soil. Journal of Hazardous Materials 185, 1241-1248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.10.037.
  • Gelencsér, A., Kováts, N., Turóczi, B., Rostási, Á., Hoffer, A., Imre, K., Nyirő-Kósa, I., Csákberényi-Malasics, D., Tóth, Á., Czitrovszky, A., Nagy, A., Nagy, S., Ács, A., Kovács, A., Ferincz, Á., Hartyáni, Z., Pósfai, M., 2011. The red mud accident in Ajka (Hungary): characterization and potential health effects of fugitive dust. Environmental Science & Technology 45 (4), 1608-1615. https://doi.org/10.1021/es104005r.
  • Genç, H., Tjell, J.C., McConchie, D., Schuiling, O., 2003. Adsorption of arsenate from water using neutralized red mud. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 264 (2), 327-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9797(03)00447-8.
  • Goyal, S., Esposito, M., Kapoor, A., 2018. Circular economy business models in developing economies: lessons from India on reduce, recycle, and reuse paradigms. Thunderbird International Business Review 60 (5), 729-740. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.21883.
  • Green, J.A., 2007. Aluminum recycling and processing for energy conservation and sustainability. ASM International.
  • Gregson, N., Crang, M., Fuller, S., Holmes, H., 2015. Interrogating the circular economy: the moral economy of resource recovery in the EU. Economy and Society 44 (2), 218-243. https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2015.1013353.
  • Gura, D., 2010. Toxic Red Sludge Spill from Hungarian Aluminum Plant- an Ecological Disaster. National Public Radio.
  • Hammond, K., 2014. Recovery of value-added products from red mud and foundry bag-house dust (Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado School of Mines. Arthur Lakes Library).
  • Hirsch, J., 2014. Recent development in aluminium for automotive applications. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 24 (7), 1995-2002.
  • Hofstede, H.H.T., 1994. Use of bauxite refining residue to reduce the mobility of heavy metals in municipal waste compost (Doctoral Dissertation, Murdoch University).
  • Hua, Y., Heal, K.V., Friesl-Hanl, W., 2017. The use of red mud as an immobiliser for metal/metalloid-contaminated soil: a review. Journal of hazardous Materials 325, 17-30.
  • Indian Minerals Yearbook, 2015. Indian Minerals Yearbook (Part- III: Mineral Reviews) 52nd Edition BAUXITE.
  • Kalkan, E., 2006. Utilization of red mud as a stabilization material for the preparation of clay liners. Engineering Geology 87(3-4), 220-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.07.002.
  • Khairul, M.A., Zanganeh, J., Moghtaderi, B., 2019. The composition, recycling and utilization of Bayer red mud. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 141, 483-498.
  • Khanna, R., Konyukhov, Y., Zinoveev, D., Jayasankar, K., Burmistrov, I., Kravchenko, M., Mukherjee, P.S., 2022. Red mud as a secondary resource of low-grade iron: A global perspective. Sustainability 14 (3), 1258.
  • Kim, S.Y., Jun, Y., Jeon, D., Oh, J.E., 2017. Synthesis of structural binder for red brick production based on red mud and fly ash activated using Ca(OH)2 and Na2CO3. Construction and Building Materials 147, 101-116.
  • Kogel, J.E., 2006. Industrial minerals & rocks: commodities, markets, and uses. SME.
  • Lacy, P., Rutqvist, J., 2016. Waste to wealth: The circular economy advantage. Springer.
  • Lei, H., 2022. Comprehensive utilization of red mud from the perspective of circular economy. In Energy Revolution and Chemical Research (pp. 507-512). CRC Press.
  • Leiva, C., Arroyo-Torralvo, F., Luna-Galiano, Y., Villegas, R., Vilches, L.F., Fernández Pereira, C., 2022. Valorization of Bayer Red Mud in a Circular Economy Process: Valuable Metals Recovery and Further Brick Manufacture. Processes 10 (11), 2367.
  • Li, Y., Min, X., Ke, Y., Liu, D., Tang, C., 2019. Preparation of red mud-based geopolymer materials from MSWI fly ash and red mud by mechanical activation. Waste Management 83, 202-208.
  • Lima, M.S.S., Thives, L.P., Haritonovs, V., Bajars, K., 2017. Red mud application in construction industry: Review of benefits and possibilities. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 251, pp. 1-10). IOP Publishing.
  • Liu, D.Y., Wu, C.S., 2012. Stockpiling and comprehensive utilization of red mud research progress. Materials 5(7), 1232-1246.
  • Liu, Y., Naidu, R., 2014. Hidden values in bauxite residue (red mud): Recovery of metals. Waste Management 34 (12), 2662-2673.
  • Liu, Y., Lin, C., Wu, Y., 2007. Characterization of red mud derived from a combined Bayer Process and bauxite calcination method. Journal of Hazardous Materials 146 (1-2), 255-261.
  • Liu, Y., Qin, Z., Chen, B., 2020. Experimental research on magnesium phosphate cements modified by red mud. Construction and Building Materials 231, 117131.
  • Luo, L., Ma, C., Ma, Y., Zhang, S., Lv, J., Cui, M., 2011. New insights into the sorption mechanism of cadmium on red mud. Environmental Pollution 159 (5), 1108-1113.
  • McConchie, D., Clark, M., Davies-McConchie, F., 2002. New strategies for the management of bauxite refinery residues (red mud). In Proceedings of the 6th international alumina quality workshop (Vol. 1, pp. 327-332).
  • Miller, W.S., Zhuang, L., Bottema, J., Wittebrood, A., De Smet, P., Haszler, A., Vieregge, A.J.M.S., 2000. Recent development in aluminium alloys for the automotive industry. Materials Science and Engineering: A 280 (1), 37-49.
  • Moraga, G., Huysveld, S., Mathieux, F., Blengini, G. A., Alaerts, L., Van Acker, K., de Meester, S., Dewulf, J., 2019. Circular economy indicators: What do they measure? Resources, Conservation and Recycling 146, 452-461.
  • Morsali, S., Yildirim, F., 2023. Environmental impact assessment of red mud utilization in concrete production: a life cycle assessment study. Environment, Development and Sustainability 26, 12219–12238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-03767-z.
  • Moustakas, K., Loizidou, M., 2023. Effective waste management with emphasis on circular economy. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 30 (4), 8540-8547.
  • Mukiza, E., Liu, X., Zhang, L., Zhang, N., 2019a. Preparation and characterization of a red mud-based road base material: Strength formation mechanism and leaching characteristics. Construction and Building Materials 220, 297-307.
  • Mukiza, E., Zhang, L., Liu, X., Zhang, N., 2019b. Utilization of red mud in road base and subgrade materials: A review. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 141, 187-199.
  • Murray, A., Skene, K., Haynes, K., 2017. The circular economy: an interdisciplinary exploration of the concept and application in a global context. Journal of Business Ethics 140 (3), 369-380.
  • Nadaroglu, H., Kalkan, E., Demir, N., 2010. Removal of copper from aqueous solution using red mud. Desalination 251 (1-3), 90-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2009.09.138.
  • Nadaroglu, H., Kalkan, E., 2012. Removal of cobalt (II) ions from aqueous solution by using alternative adsorbent industrial red mud waste material. International Journal of Physical Sciences 7 (9), 1386-1394. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS11.1748.
  • Nie, Q., Hu, W., Huang, B., Shu, X., He, Q., 2019. Synergistic utilization of red mud for flue-gas desulfurization and fly ash-based geopolymer preparation. Journal of hazardous Materials 369, 503-511.
  • Nikbin, I.M., Aliaghazadeh, M., Charkhtab, S.H., Fathollahpour, A., 2018. Environmental impacts and mechanical properties of lightweight concrete containing bauxite residue (red mud). Journal of Cleaner Production 172, 2683-2694.
  • Paramguru, R.K., Rath, P.C., Misra, V.N., 2004. Trends in red mud utilization–a review. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 26 (1), 1-29.
  • Patel, S., Pal, B.K., 2015. Current status of an industrial waste: red mud an overview. International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science 4 (8), 1-16.
  • Peng, F., Liang, K.M., Shao, H., Hu, A.M., 2005. Nano-crystal glass-ceramics obtained by crystallization of vitrified red mud. Chemosphere 59 (6), 899-903.
  • Pinjing, H., Fan, L., Hua, Z., Liming, S., 2013. Reference to the circular economy as a guiding principle. Waste as a Resource 37, 144.
  • Prasad, P., Sharma, J., Vishwanathan, V., Nandi, A., Singh, M., 1991. Production of bricks/stabilised blocks from red mud. Proceedings. of Nat. Sem. Bauxites and Prasad, PM 117-125.
  • Prieto-Sandoval, V., Jaca, C., Ormazabal, M., 2018. Towards a consensus on the circular economy. Journal of Cleaner Production 179, 605-615.
  • Qu, Y., Li, H., Wang, X., Tian, W., Shi, B., Yao, M., Zhang, Y., 2019. Bioleaching of Major, Rare Earth, and Radioactive Elements from Red Mud by using Indigenous Chemoheterotrophic Bacterium Acetobacter sp. Minerals 9 (2), 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9020067.
  • Quina, M.J., Bontempi, E., Bogush, A., Schlumberger, S., Weibel, G., Braga, R., Funari, V., Hyks, J., Rasmussen, E., Lederer, J., 2018. Technologies for the management of MSW incineration ashes from gas cleaning: new perspectives on recovery of secondary raw materials and circular economy. Science of the Total Environment, 635, 526-542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.150.
  • Rai, S., Bahadure, S., Chaddha, M. J., Agnihotri, A., 2020. Disposal Practices and Utilization of Red Mud (Bauxite Residue): A Review in Indian Context and Abroad. Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy 6 (1), 1-8.
  • Rai, S., Nimje, M.T., Chaddha, M.J., Modak, S., Rao, K.R., Agnihotri, A., 2019. Recovery of iron from bauxite residue using advanced separation techniques. Minerals Engineering 134, 222-231.
  • Ribeiro, D.V., Labrincha, J.A., Morelli, M.R., 2010. Use of red mud as addition for portland cement mortars. Journal of Materials Science and Engineering 4 (8), 1-8.
  • Rodionova, I.A., 2020. The shifts in the spatial structure of the world bauxite industry and Guinea’s position in the industry. Revista ESPACIOS 41 (21), 11-21.
  • Rubinos, D.A., Spagnoli, G., 2019. Assessment of red mud as sorptive landfill liner for the retention of arsenic (V). Journal of Environmental Management 232, 271-285.
  • Sadangi, J.K., Das, S.P., Tripathy, A., Biswal, S.K., 2018. Investigation into recovery of iron values from red mud dumps. Separation Science and Technology 53 (14), 2186-2191.
  • Sahu, R.C., Patel, R., Ray, B.C., 2010. Utilization of activated CO2-neutralized red mud for removal of arsenate from aqueous solutions. Journal of Hazardous Materials 179 (1-3), 1007-1013
  • Samal, S., Ray, A.K., Bandopadhyay, A., 2013. Proposal for resources, utilization and processes of red mud in India—a review. International Journal of Mineral Processing 118, 43-55.
  • Sauvé, S., Bernard, S., Sloan, P., 2016. Environmental sciences, sustainable development and circular economy: Alternative concepts for trans-disciplinary research. Environmental Development 17, 48-56.
  • Snars, K., Gilkes, R.J., 2009. Evaluation of bauxite residues (red muds) of different origins for environmental applications. Applied Clay Science 46 (1), 13-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2009.06.014.
  • Sutar, H., Mishra, S.C., Sahoo, S.K., Maharana, H.S., 2014. Progress of red mud utilization: An overview. Chemical Science International Journal 255-279.
  • Swain, B., 2022. Red mud: An environmental challenge but overlooked treasure for critical rare earth metals. MRS Bulletin 47(3), 289-302.
  • Swain, B., Akcil, A., Lee, J.C., 2022. Red mud valorization an industrial waste circular economy challenge; review over processes and their chemistry. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 52 (4), 520-570. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2020.1829898.
  • Taneez, M., Hurel, C., 2019. A review on the potential uses of red mud as amendment for pollution control in environmental media. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, 22106-22125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05576-2.
  • Taneez, M., Hurel, C., Marmier, N., 2015. Ex-situ evaluation of bauxite residues as amendment for trace elements stabilization in dredged sediment from Mediterranean Sea: a case study. Marine Pollution Bulletin 98 (1-2), 229-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.06.046.
  • Tisza, M., Czinege, I., 2018. Comparative study of the application of steels and aluminium in lightweight production of automotive parts. International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture 1 (4), 229-238.
  • U.S. Geological Survey, 2018. Mineral commodity summaries. U.S. Geological Survey. https://doi.org/10.3133/70194932.
  • U.S. Geological Survey, 2015. Mineral Commodity Summaries. https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2024.
  • Uysal, M., Kuranlı, Ö.F., Aygörmez, Y., Canpolat, O., Çoşgun, T., 2023. The effect of various fibers on the red mud additive sustainable geopolymer composites. Construction and Building Materials 363, 129864.
  • Wackernagel, M., Schulz, N.B., Deumling, D., Linares, A.C., Jenkins, M., Kapos, V., Monfreda, C., Loh, J., Myers, N., Norgaard, R., Randers, J., 2002. Tracking the ecological overshoot of the human economy. Proceedings of the national Academy of Sciences 99 (14), 9266-9271. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1420336.
  • Wang, L., Hu, G., Lyu, F., Yue, T., Tang, H., Han, H., Sun, W., 2019. Application of red mud in wastewater treatment. Minerals 9 (5), 281.
  • Wang, S., Ang, H.M., Tadé, M.O., 2008. Novel applications of red mud as coagulant, adsorbent and catalyst for environmentally benign processes. Chemosphere 72 (11), 1621-1635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.05.013.
  • Wang, W., Chen, W., Liu, H., Han, C., 2018. Recycling of waste red mud for production of ceramic floor tile with high strength and lightweight. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 748, 876-881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.03.220.
  • Wang, Y., Zhang, T. A., Lyu, G., Guo, F., Zhang, W., Zhang, Y., 2018. Recovery of alkali and alumina from bauxite residue (red mud) and complete reuse of the treated residue. Journal of Cleaner Production 188, 456-465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.04.009.
  • Wen, Z. C., Ma, S.H., Zheng, S.L., Zhang, Y., Liang, Y., 2016. Assessment of environmental risk for red mud storage facility in China: a case study in Shandong Province. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23 (11), 11193-11208.
  • Wong, D.S., Lavoie, P., 2019. Aluminum: Recycling and Environmental Footprint. JOM 71 (9), 2926-2927. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03656-9.
  • Wong, J.W., Ho, G., 1994. Effectiveness of acidic industrial wastes for reclaiming fine bauxite refining residue (Red mud). Soil Sciences 158 (2), 115-123.
  • Xakalashe, B., Friedrich, B. 2019. Towards red mud valorization: EAF smelting process for iron recovery and slag design for use as precursor in the construction industry. In 6th International Slag Valorisation Symposium, Mechelen, Belgium (pp. 233-240).
  • Xie, W., Zhou, F., Liu, J., Bi, X., Huang, Z., Li, Y., Chen, D., Zou, H., Sun, S., 2020. Synergistic reutilization of red mud and spent pot lining for recovering valuable components and stabilizing harmful element. Journal of Cleaner Production 243, 118624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118624.
  • Yan, P., Chen, B., Haque, M.A., Liu, T. 2023. Influence of red mud on the engineering and microstructural properties of sustainable ultra-high-performance concrete. Construction and Building Materials 396, 132404. https://doi.org/10.101.6/j.conbuildmat.2023.132404.
  • Yang, H., Chen, C., Pan, L., Lu, H., Sun, H., Hu, X. 2009. Preparation of double-layer glass-ceramic/ceramic tile from bauxite tailings and red mud. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 29 (10), 1887-1894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2009.01.007.
  • Yang, J., Xiao, B., 2008. Development of unsintered construction materials from red mud wastes produced in the sintering alumina process. Construction and Building Materials 22(12), 2299-2307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.10.005.
  • Zhang, C.L., Wang, J.W., Liu, H.L., 2014. Research advance and status quo of dealkalization of red mud. Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources 2014 (2) 11-14.
  • Zhang, G., He, J., Gambrell, R.P., 2010. Synthesis, characterization, and mechanical properties of red mud-based geopolymers. Transportation Research Record 2167 (1), 1-9.
  • Zhang, M., El-Korchi, T., Zhang, G., Liang, J., Tao, M., 2014. Synthesis factors affecting mechanical properties, microstructure, and chemical composition of red mud-fly ash based geopolymers. Fuel 134, 315-325.
  • Zhang, T.A., Wang, Y., Lu, G., Liu, Y., Zhang, W., Zhao, Q., 2018. Comprehensive Utilization of Red Mud: Current Research Status and a Possible Way Forward for Non-hazardous Treatment. In TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition (pp. 135-141). Springer, Cham.
  • Zhang, X.K., Zhou, K.G., Chen, W., Lei, Q.Y., Huang, Y., Peng, C.H., 2019. Recovery of iron and rare earth elements from red mud through an acid leaching-stepwise extraction approach. Journal of Central South University 26 (2), 458-466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-019-4018-6.
  • Zhang, X., Zhou, K., Lei, Q., Xing, Y., Peng, C., Chen, W., 2020. Stripping of Fe (III) from Aliquat 336 by NaH2PO4: implication for rare-earth elements recovery from red mud. Separation Science and Technology 56 (2), 301-309. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2020.1713814.
  • Zhao, J., Wang, Y., Kang, J., Qu, Y., Khater, G. A., Li, S., Shi, O., Yue, Y., 2019. Effect of SnO2 on the structure and chemical durability of the glass prepared by red mud. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 509, 54-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2019.01.029.
  • Zhao, Y., Liang, N., Chen, H., Yuan, L.I., 2020. Preparation and properties of sintering red mud unburned road brick using orthogonal experiments. Construction and Building Materials 238, 117739.
  • Zhu, X., Niu, Z., Li, W., Zhao, H., Tang, Q., 2020. A novel process for recovery of aluminum, iron, vanadium, scandium, titanium and silicon from red mud. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 8 (2), 103528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2019.103528.

Comprehensive Utilizations of Red Mud with Emphasis on Circular Economy: An Approach towards Achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 253 - 261, 31.08.2024

Abstract

Red mud (Bauxite residue) is an industrial by-product (IBP) generated as a vast volume, mainly from aluminum industries. Disposal of red mud in open land leads to serious environmental hazards, occupies a vast land area, and incurs enormous economic and social costs. Storage and maintenance of red mud dumps are also costly, and their failures frequently flood vast areas, killing people and cattle and disrupting the ecosystem. Conversely, research data shows that the red mud has enormous potential to transform its valuable resources. Due to the growing demand for bauxite ore for aluminum industries, the volume of red mud has been increasing rapidly, causing an inevitable multidirectional consequence in the context of environmental and sustainability issues. On the other hand, the rising demand and resource crises continue to deplete natural resources; the gap of enormous resource availability has become a severe challenge for scientists, researchers, and institutional R&D to develop a process technology to re-generate resources through the recycling of wastes. Using red mud through the circular economy concept can replenish the depletion of virgin resources (mainly the construction sector) and extract valuable materials and metals from red mud. Recycling RM through the circular business model can increase the sustainability of natural resources, reduce environmental pollution, water contamination, and land pollution, increase land area, replenish the depletion of natural resources, enhance economic growth, and mitigate global warming and climate change.

References

  • Agarwal, R., Chaudhary, M., Singh, J., 2015. Waste management initiatives in India for human well being. European Scientific Journal 11 (10), 105-127.
  • Agrawal, S., Rayapudi, V., Dhawan, N., 2018. Extraction of Iron values from red mud. Materials Today: Proceedings 5 (9), 17064-17072.
  • Akcil, A., Akhmadiyeva, N., Abdulvaliyev, R., Abhilash, Meshram, P., 2018. Overview on extraction and separation of rare earth elements from red mud: focus on scandium. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 39 (3), 145-151.
  • Ashok, P., Sureshkumar, M.P., 2014. Experimental studies on concrete utilising red mud as a partial replacement of cement with hydrated lime. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 1-10.
  • Babisk, M.P., Amaral, L.F., da Silva Ribeiro, L., Vieira, C.M.F., do Prado, U.S., Gadioli, M.C.B., Oliveria, M.S., da Luz, F.S., Monteiro, S.N., Filho, F.C.G., 2020. Evaluation and application of sintered red mud and its incorporated clay ceramics as materials for building construction. Journal of Materials Research and Technology 9 (2), 2186-2195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.12.049.
  • Bo, W., Decheng, Z., Zhaozhong, Z., Ming, Z., 2005. The Study of Producing Aerated-Concrete Blocks from Red-Mud. China Resources Comprehensive Utilization, 6.
  • Boily, R., 2012. Twenty Cases of Red Hazard, an Inventory of Ecological Problems Caused by Bauxite Residue from Alumina Production. Inforex, Laval, Quebec, Canada.
  • Bonviu, F., 2014. The European economy: from a linear to a circular economy. Romanian Journal of European Affairs 14 (4), 78-91.
  • Borges, A.J.P., Hauser-Davis, R.A., de Oliveira, T.F., 2011. Cleaner red mud residue production at an alumina plant by applying experimental design techniques in the filtration stage. Journal of Cleaner Production 19 (15), 1763-1769.
  • Borra, C.R., Blanpain, B., Pontikes, Y., Binnemans, K., Van Gerven, T., 2016. Recovery of rare earths and other valuable metals from bauxite residue (red mud): a review. Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy 2 (4), 365-386.
  • Bose, B.P., 2022. State-of-the-art on Recycling of Construction and Demolition Waste in a Circular Economy: An Approach Towards Sustainable Development. International Journal of Earth Sciences Knowledge and Applications 4 (3), 516-523.
  • Bose, B.P., 2023. Valorization of Iron Ore Tailing (IOT) Waste Through the Circular Economy Concept: A Sustainable Solution Towards Mitigation of Resource Crisis and Climate Change. International Journal of Earth Sciences Knowledge and Applications 5 (2), 309-316
  • Bose, B.P., 2024. Development of Light Weight Bricks for Energy Efficient Buildings Using Rice Husk. International Journal of Earth Sciences Knowledge and Applications 6 (1), 12-20.
  • Bose, B.P., Dehuri, A.N., Bose, D.B., Ghosh, D., 2022. Plastic Waste Recycling: Experiences, Challenges and Possibilities in a Circular Economy-A State-of-the-Art Review. International Journal of Earth Sciences Knowledge and Applications 4 (3), 524-534.
  • Bose, B.P., Dhar, M., 2022. Dredged Sediments are One of the Valuable Resources: A Review. International Journal of Earth Sciences Knowledge and Applications 4 (2), 324-331.
  • Bose, B.P., Dhar, M., Ghosh, D., 2022a. Stockholm Conference to Kyoto Protocol – A Review of Climate Change Mitigation Initiatives International Journal of Earth Sciences Knowledge and Applications 4 (2), 338-350.
  • Bose, B.P., Dhar, M., Ghosh, D., 2022b. Bio-Waste To Bio-Energy: A Perspective From India. International Journal of Applied and Advanced Scientific Research 7 (1), 51-60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6326890.
  • Bose, B.P., Shaıkh, J., Roy, N., Dehuri, A.N., Dhar, M., Bose, D., Ghosh, D., 2021. Quantifying Sustainability and Energy Benefit by Recycling of Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBS) on Replacement of Natural Fertile Topsoil Using for Fired Clay Brick Making Process – An Experimental Study. International Journal of Earth Sciences Knowledge and Applications 3(3): 244-25.
  • Bose, B.P., Shaikh, J., Roy, N., Dehuri, N., Dhar, M., Ghosh, D., 2019. The possibility of CO2 emission reduction by using BFS waste in brick-making process through CDM, in India: A Sustainable approach. International Journal of Geology, Earth & Environmental Sciences 9 (3), 62-70.
  • Cezarino, L.O., Liboni, L.B., Stefanelli, N.O., Oliveira, B.G., Stocco, L.C., 2019. Diving into emerging economies bottleneck: Industry 4.0 and implications for circular economy. Management Decision 59 (8), 1841-1862.
  • Chen, R., Cai, G., Dong, X., Mi, D., Puppala, A. J., Duan, W., 2019. Mechanical properties and micro-mechanism of loess roadbed filling using by-product red mud as a partial alternative. Construction and Building Materials 216, 188-201.
  • Chen, S., Du, Z., Zhang, Z., Yin, D., Feng, F., Ma, J., 2020. Effects of red mud additions on gangue-cemented paste backfill properties. Powder Technology 367, 833-840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2020.03.055.
  • Ciccu, R., Ghiani, M., Serci, A., Fadda, S., Peretti, R., Zucca, A., 2003. Heavy metal immobilization in the mining-contaminated soils using various industrial wastes. Minerals Engineering 16 (3), 187-192.
  • Corona, B., Shen, L., Reike, D., Carreón, J.R., Worrell, E., 2019. Towards sustainable development through the circular economy—A review and critical assessment on current circularity metrics. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 151, 104498.
  • Cozzolino, A., Cappai, G., Cara, S., Milia, S., Ardu, R., Tamburini, E., Carucci, A., 2023. Bioleaching of Valuable Elements from Red Mud: A Study on the Potential of Non-Enriched Biomass. Minerals 13 (7), 856.
  • Deutz, P., Baxter, H., Gibbs, D., Mayes, W.M., Gomes, H.I., 2017. Resource recovery and remediation of highly alkaline residues: A political-industrial ecology approach to building a circular economy. Geoforum 85, 336-344.
  • Dong, W., Liang, K., Qin, Y., Ma, H., Zhao, X., Zhang, L., Zhu, S., Yu, Y., Bian, D., Yang, J., 2019. Hydrothermal Conversion of Red Mud into Magnetic Adsorbent for Effective Adsorption of Zn (II) in Water. Applied Sciences 9 (8), 1519.
  • Esposito, M., Tse, T., Soufani, K., 2018. Introducing a circular economy: new thinking with new managerial and policy implications. California Management Review 60 (3), 5-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/000812561876.
  • Gao, F., Zhang, J., Deng, X., Wang, K., He, C., Li, X., Wei, Y., 2019. Comprehensive Recovery of Iron and Aluminum from Ordinary Bayer Red Mud by Reductive Sintering–Magnetic Separation–Digesting Process. JOM 71, 2936-2943. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-018-3311-4.
  • Garau, G., Silvetti, M., Deiana, S., Deiana, P., Castaldi, P., 2011. Long-term influence of red mud on as mobility and soil physico-chemical and microbial parameters in a polluted sub-acidic soil. Journal of Hazardous Materials 185, 1241-1248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.10.037.
  • Gelencsér, A., Kováts, N., Turóczi, B., Rostási, Á., Hoffer, A., Imre, K., Nyirő-Kósa, I., Csákberényi-Malasics, D., Tóth, Á., Czitrovszky, A., Nagy, A., Nagy, S., Ács, A., Kovács, A., Ferincz, Á., Hartyáni, Z., Pósfai, M., 2011. The red mud accident in Ajka (Hungary): characterization and potential health effects of fugitive dust. Environmental Science & Technology 45 (4), 1608-1615. https://doi.org/10.1021/es104005r.
  • Genç, H., Tjell, J.C., McConchie, D., Schuiling, O., 2003. Adsorption of arsenate from water using neutralized red mud. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 264 (2), 327-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9797(03)00447-8.
  • Goyal, S., Esposito, M., Kapoor, A., 2018. Circular economy business models in developing economies: lessons from India on reduce, recycle, and reuse paradigms. Thunderbird International Business Review 60 (5), 729-740. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.21883.
  • Green, J.A., 2007. Aluminum recycling and processing for energy conservation and sustainability. ASM International.
  • Gregson, N., Crang, M., Fuller, S., Holmes, H., 2015. Interrogating the circular economy: the moral economy of resource recovery in the EU. Economy and Society 44 (2), 218-243. https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2015.1013353.
  • Gura, D., 2010. Toxic Red Sludge Spill from Hungarian Aluminum Plant- an Ecological Disaster. National Public Radio.
  • Hammond, K., 2014. Recovery of value-added products from red mud and foundry bag-house dust (Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado School of Mines. Arthur Lakes Library).
  • Hirsch, J., 2014. Recent development in aluminium for automotive applications. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 24 (7), 1995-2002.
  • Hofstede, H.H.T., 1994. Use of bauxite refining residue to reduce the mobility of heavy metals in municipal waste compost (Doctoral Dissertation, Murdoch University).
  • Hua, Y., Heal, K.V., Friesl-Hanl, W., 2017. The use of red mud as an immobiliser for metal/metalloid-contaminated soil: a review. Journal of hazardous Materials 325, 17-30.
  • Indian Minerals Yearbook, 2015. Indian Minerals Yearbook (Part- III: Mineral Reviews) 52nd Edition BAUXITE.
  • Kalkan, E., 2006. Utilization of red mud as a stabilization material for the preparation of clay liners. Engineering Geology 87(3-4), 220-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.07.002.
  • Khairul, M.A., Zanganeh, J., Moghtaderi, B., 2019. The composition, recycling and utilization of Bayer red mud. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 141, 483-498.
  • Khanna, R., Konyukhov, Y., Zinoveev, D., Jayasankar, K., Burmistrov, I., Kravchenko, M., Mukherjee, P.S., 2022. Red mud as a secondary resource of low-grade iron: A global perspective. Sustainability 14 (3), 1258.
  • Kim, S.Y., Jun, Y., Jeon, D., Oh, J.E., 2017. Synthesis of structural binder for red brick production based on red mud and fly ash activated using Ca(OH)2 and Na2CO3. Construction and Building Materials 147, 101-116.
  • Kogel, J.E., 2006. Industrial minerals & rocks: commodities, markets, and uses. SME.
  • Lacy, P., Rutqvist, J., 2016. Waste to wealth: The circular economy advantage. Springer.
  • Lei, H., 2022. Comprehensive utilization of red mud from the perspective of circular economy. In Energy Revolution and Chemical Research (pp. 507-512). CRC Press.
  • Leiva, C., Arroyo-Torralvo, F., Luna-Galiano, Y., Villegas, R., Vilches, L.F., Fernández Pereira, C., 2022. Valorization of Bayer Red Mud in a Circular Economy Process: Valuable Metals Recovery and Further Brick Manufacture. Processes 10 (11), 2367.
  • Li, Y., Min, X., Ke, Y., Liu, D., Tang, C., 2019. Preparation of red mud-based geopolymer materials from MSWI fly ash and red mud by mechanical activation. Waste Management 83, 202-208.
  • Lima, M.S.S., Thives, L.P., Haritonovs, V., Bajars, K., 2017. Red mud application in construction industry: Review of benefits and possibilities. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 251, pp. 1-10). IOP Publishing.
  • Liu, D.Y., Wu, C.S., 2012. Stockpiling and comprehensive utilization of red mud research progress. Materials 5(7), 1232-1246.
  • Liu, Y., Naidu, R., 2014. Hidden values in bauxite residue (red mud): Recovery of metals. Waste Management 34 (12), 2662-2673.
  • Liu, Y., Lin, C., Wu, Y., 2007. Characterization of red mud derived from a combined Bayer Process and bauxite calcination method. Journal of Hazardous Materials 146 (1-2), 255-261.
  • Liu, Y., Qin, Z., Chen, B., 2020. Experimental research on magnesium phosphate cements modified by red mud. Construction and Building Materials 231, 117131.
  • Luo, L., Ma, C., Ma, Y., Zhang, S., Lv, J., Cui, M., 2011. New insights into the sorption mechanism of cadmium on red mud. Environmental Pollution 159 (5), 1108-1113.
  • McConchie, D., Clark, M., Davies-McConchie, F., 2002. New strategies for the management of bauxite refinery residues (red mud). In Proceedings of the 6th international alumina quality workshop (Vol. 1, pp. 327-332).
  • Miller, W.S., Zhuang, L., Bottema, J., Wittebrood, A., De Smet, P., Haszler, A., Vieregge, A.J.M.S., 2000. Recent development in aluminium alloys for the automotive industry. Materials Science and Engineering: A 280 (1), 37-49.
  • Moraga, G., Huysveld, S., Mathieux, F., Blengini, G. A., Alaerts, L., Van Acker, K., de Meester, S., Dewulf, J., 2019. Circular economy indicators: What do they measure? Resources, Conservation and Recycling 146, 452-461.
  • Morsali, S., Yildirim, F., 2023. Environmental impact assessment of red mud utilization in concrete production: a life cycle assessment study. Environment, Development and Sustainability 26, 12219–12238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-03767-z.
  • Moustakas, K., Loizidou, M., 2023. Effective waste management with emphasis on circular economy. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 30 (4), 8540-8547.
  • Mukiza, E., Liu, X., Zhang, L., Zhang, N., 2019a. Preparation and characterization of a red mud-based road base material: Strength formation mechanism and leaching characteristics. Construction and Building Materials 220, 297-307.
  • Mukiza, E., Zhang, L., Liu, X., Zhang, N., 2019b. Utilization of red mud in road base and subgrade materials: A review. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 141, 187-199.
  • Murray, A., Skene, K., Haynes, K., 2017. The circular economy: an interdisciplinary exploration of the concept and application in a global context. Journal of Business Ethics 140 (3), 369-380.
  • Nadaroglu, H., Kalkan, E., Demir, N., 2010. Removal of copper from aqueous solution using red mud. Desalination 251 (1-3), 90-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2009.09.138.
  • Nadaroglu, H., Kalkan, E., 2012. Removal of cobalt (II) ions from aqueous solution by using alternative adsorbent industrial red mud waste material. International Journal of Physical Sciences 7 (9), 1386-1394. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS11.1748.
  • Nie, Q., Hu, W., Huang, B., Shu, X., He, Q., 2019. Synergistic utilization of red mud for flue-gas desulfurization and fly ash-based geopolymer preparation. Journal of hazardous Materials 369, 503-511.
  • Nikbin, I.M., Aliaghazadeh, M., Charkhtab, S.H., Fathollahpour, A., 2018. Environmental impacts and mechanical properties of lightweight concrete containing bauxite residue (red mud). Journal of Cleaner Production 172, 2683-2694.
  • Paramguru, R.K., Rath, P.C., Misra, V.N., 2004. Trends in red mud utilization–a review. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 26 (1), 1-29.
  • Patel, S., Pal, B.K., 2015. Current status of an industrial waste: red mud an overview. International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science 4 (8), 1-16.
  • Peng, F., Liang, K.M., Shao, H., Hu, A.M., 2005. Nano-crystal glass-ceramics obtained by crystallization of vitrified red mud. Chemosphere 59 (6), 899-903.
  • Pinjing, H., Fan, L., Hua, Z., Liming, S., 2013. Reference to the circular economy as a guiding principle. Waste as a Resource 37, 144.
  • Prasad, P., Sharma, J., Vishwanathan, V., Nandi, A., Singh, M., 1991. Production of bricks/stabilised blocks from red mud. Proceedings. of Nat. Sem. Bauxites and Prasad, PM 117-125.
  • Prieto-Sandoval, V., Jaca, C., Ormazabal, M., 2018. Towards a consensus on the circular economy. Journal of Cleaner Production 179, 605-615.
  • Qu, Y., Li, H., Wang, X., Tian, W., Shi, B., Yao, M., Zhang, Y., 2019. Bioleaching of Major, Rare Earth, and Radioactive Elements from Red Mud by using Indigenous Chemoheterotrophic Bacterium Acetobacter sp. Minerals 9 (2), 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9020067.
  • Quina, M.J., Bontempi, E., Bogush, A., Schlumberger, S., Weibel, G., Braga, R., Funari, V., Hyks, J., Rasmussen, E., Lederer, J., 2018. Technologies for the management of MSW incineration ashes from gas cleaning: new perspectives on recovery of secondary raw materials and circular economy. Science of the Total Environment, 635, 526-542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.150.
  • Rai, S., Bahadure, S., Chaddha, M. J., Agnihotri, A., 2020. Disposal Practices and Utilization of Red Mud (Bauxite Residue): A Review in Indian Context and Abroad. Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy 6 (1), 1-8.
  • Rai, S., Nimje, M.T., Chaddha, M.J., Modak, S., Rao, K.R., Agnihotri, A., 2019. Recovery of iron from bauxite residue using advanced separation techniques. Minerals Engineering 134, 222-231.
  • Ribeiro, D.V., Labrincha, J.A., Morelli, M.R., 2010. Use of red mud as addition for portland cement mortars. Journal of Materials Science and Engineering 4 (8), 1-8.
  • Rodionova, I.A., 2020. The shifts in the spatial structure of the world bauxite industry and Guinea’s position in the industry. Revista ESPACIOS 41 (21), 11-21.
  • Rubinos, D.A., Spagnoli, G., 2019. Assessment of red mud as sorptive landfill liner for the retention of arsenic (V). Journal of Environmental Management 232, 271-285.
  • Sadangi, J.K., Das, S.P., Tripathy, A., Biswal, S.K., 2018. Investigation into recovery of iron values from red mud dumps. Separation Science and Technology 53 (14), 2186-2191.
  • Sahu, R.C., Patel, R., Ray, B.C., 2010. Utilization of activated CO2-neutralized red mud for removal of arsenate from aqueous solutions. Journal of Hazardous Materials 179 (1-3), 1007-1013
  • Samal, S., Ray, A.K., Bandopadhyay, A., 2013. Proposal for resources, utilization and processes of red mud in India—a review. International Journal of Mineral Processing 118, 43-55.
  • Sauvé, S., Bernard, S., Sloan, P., 2016. Environmental sciences, sustainable development and circular economy: Alternative concepts for trans-disciplinary research. Environmental Development 17, 48-56.
  • Snars, K., Gilkes, R.J., 2009. Evaluation of bauxite residues (red muds) of different origins for environmental applications. Applied Clay Science 46 (1), 13-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2009.06.014.
  • Sutar, H., Mishra, S.C., Sahoo, S.K., Maharana, H.S., 2014. Progress of red mud utilization: An overview. Chemical Science International Journal 255-279.
  • Swain, B., 2022. Red mud: An environmental challenge but overlooked treasure for critical rare earth metals. MRS Bulletin 47(3), 289-302.
  • Swain, B., Akcil, A., Lee, J.C., 2022. Red mud valorization an industrial waste circular economy challenge; review over processes and their chemistry. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 52 (4), 520-570. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2020.1829898.
  • Taneez, M., Hurel, C., 2019. A review on the potential uses of red mud as amendment for pollution control in environmental media. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, 22106-22125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05576-2.
  • Taneez, M., Hurel, C., Marmier, N., 2015. Ex-situ evaluation of bauxite residues as amendment for trace elements stabilization in dredged sediment from Mediterranean Sea: a case study. Marine Pollution Bulletin 98 (1-2), 229-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.06.046.
  • Tisza, M., Czinege, I., 2018. Comparative study of the application of steels and aluminium in lightweight production of automotive parts. International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture 1 (4), 229-238.
  • U.S. Geological Survey, 2018. Mineral commodity summaries. U.S. Geological Survey. https://doi.org/10.3133/70194932.
  • U.S. Geological Survey, 2015. Mineral Commodity Summaries. https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2024.
  • Uysal, M., Kuranlı, Ö.F., Aygörmez, Y., Canpolat, O., Çoşgun, T., 2023. The effect of various fibers on the red mud additive sustainable geopolymer composites. Construction and Building Materials 363, 129864.
  • Wackernagel, M., Schulz, N.B., Deumling, D., Linares, A.C., Jenkins, M., Kapos, V., Monfreda, C., Loh, J., Myers, N., Norgaard, R., Randers, J., 2002. Tracking the ecological overshoot of the human economy. Proceedings of the national Academy of Sciences 99 (14), 9266-9271. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1420336.
  • Wang, L., Hu, G., Lyu, F., Yue, T., Tang, H., Han, H., Sun, W., 2019. Application of red mud in wastewater treatment. Minerals 9 (5), 281.
  • Wang, S., Ang, H.M., Tadé, M.O., 2008. Novel applications of red mud as coagulant, adsorbent and catalyst for environmentally benign processes. Chemosphere 72 (11), 1621-1635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.05.013.
  • Wang, W., Chen, W., Liu, H., Han, C., 2018. Recycling of waste red mud for production of ceramic floor tile with high strength and lightweight. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 748, 876-881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.03.220.
  • Wang, Y., Zhang, T. A., Lyu, G., Guo, F., Zhang, W., Zhang, Y., 2018. Recovery of alkali and alumina from bauxite residue (red mud) and complete reuse of the treated residue. Journal of Cleaner Production 188, 456-465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.04.009.
  • Wen, Z. C., Ma, S.H., Zheng, S.L., Zhang, Y., Liang, Y., 2016. Assessment of environmental risk for red mud storage facility in China: a case study in Shandong Province. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23 (11), 11193-11208.
  • Wong, D.S., Lavoie, P., 2019. Aluminum: Recycling and Environmental Footprint. JOM 71 (9), 2926-2927. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03656-9.
  • Wong, J.W., Ho, G., 1994. Effectiveness of acidic industrial wastes for reclaiming fine bauxite refining residue (Red mud). Soil Sciences 158 (2), 115-123.
  • Xakalashe, B., Friedrich, B. 2019. Towards red mud valorization: EAF smelting process for iron recovery and slag design for use as precursor in the construction industry. In 6th International Slag Valorisation Symposium, Mechelen, Belgium (pp. 233-240).
  • Xie, W., Zhou, F., Liu, J., Bi, X., Huang, Z., Li, Y., Chen, D., Zou, H., Sun, S., 2020. Synergistic reutilization of red mud and spent pot lining for recovering valuable components and stabilizing harmful element. Journal of Cleaner Production 243, 118624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118624.
  • Yan, P., Chen, B., Haque, M.A., Liu, T. 2023. Influence of red mud on the engineering and microstructural properties of sustainable ultra-high-performance concrete. Construction and Building Materials 396, 132404. https://doi.org/10.101.6/j.conbuildmat.2023.132404.
  • Yang, H., Chen, C., Pan, L., Lu, H., Sun, H., Hu, X. 2009. Preparation of double-layer glass-ceramic/ceramic tile from bauxite tailings and red mud. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 29 (10), 1887-1894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2009.01.007.
  • Yang, J., Xiao, B., 2008. Development of unsintered construction materials from red mud wastes produced in the sintering alumina process. Construction and Building Materials 22(12), 2299-2307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.10.005.
  • Zhang, C.L., Wang, J.W., Liu, H.L., 2014. Research advance and status quo of dealkalization of red mud. Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources 2014 (2) 11-14.
  • Zhang, G., He, J., Gambrell, R.P., 2010. Synthesis, characterization, and mechanical properties of red mud-based geopolymers. Transportation Research Record 2167 (1), 1-9.
  • Zhang, M., El-Korchi, T., Zhang, G., Liang, J., Tao, M., 2014. Synthesis factors affecting mechanical properties, microstructure, and chemical composition of red mud-fly ash based geopolymers. Fuel 134, 315-325.
  • Zhang, T.A., Wang, Y., Lu, G., Liu, Y., Zhang, W., Zhao, Q., 2018. Comprehensive Utilization of Red Mud: Current Research Status and a Possible Way Forward for Non-hazardous Treatment. In TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition (pp. 135-141). Springer, Cham.
  • Zhang, X.K., Zhou, K.G., Chen, W., Lei, Q.Y., Huang, Y., Peng, C.H., 2019. Recovery of iron and rare earth elements from red mud through an acid leaching-stepwise extraction approach. Journal of Central South University 26 (2), 458-466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-019-4018-6.
  • Zhang, X., Zhou, K., Lei, Q., Xing, Y., Peng, C., Chen, W., 2020. Stripping of Fe (III) from Aliquat 336 by NaH2PO4: implication for rare-earth elements recovery from red mud. Separation Science and Technology 56 (2), 301-309. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2020.1713814.
  • Zhao, J., Wang, Y., Kang, J., Qu, Y., Khater, G. A., Li, S., Shi, O., Yue, Y., 2019. Effect of SnO2 on the structure and chemical durability of the glass prepared by red mud. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 509, 54-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2019.01.029.
  • Zhao, Y., Liang, N., Chen, H., Yuan, L.I., 2020. Preparation and properties of sintering red mud unburned road brick using orthogonal experiments. Construction and Building Materials 238, 117739.
  • Zhu, X., Niu, Z., Li, W., Zhao, H., Tang, Q., 2020. A novel process for recovery of aluminum, iron, vanadium, scandium, titanium and silicon from red mud. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 8 (2), 103528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2019.103528.
There are 117 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Marine Geology and Geophysics
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Bishnu Pada Bose

Publication Date August 31, 2024
Submission Date July 28, 2024
Acceptance Date August 13, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

AMA Bose BP. Comprehensive Utilizations of Red Mud with Emphasis on Circular Economy: An Approach towards Achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. IJESKA. August 2024;6(2):253-261.