Review
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Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 1 - 15
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15049507

Abstract

References

  • AU (Ankara University) (2023). Retrieved from: https://oidb.ankara.edu.tr/wp-content/uploads/sites/91/2023/06/Ankara-Universitesi-Mikro-Yeterlik-Sertifikasi-Yonergesi.pdf on 11.02.2024
  • AU (Ankara University) (2024). Retrieved from: https://acikders.ankara.edu.tr/mod/resource/view.php?id=68565) on 11.02.2024.
  • Brown, M., Mhichil, M. N. G., Beirne, E., & Mac Lochlainn, C. (2021). The global micro- credential landscape: charting a new credential ecology for lifelong learning. National Institute for Digital Learning, Dublin City University, 8 (2), 228-254.
  • Bryman, A. (2012). Social research methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E. (2017). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri, (23. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Camilleri, A. F., & Raimund Hudak. (2018). The Micro-credentials users’ guide. edited by Ivana stanojev, microhe consortium, Retrieved from: https://microcredentials.eu/wpcontent/uploads/sites/20/2021/05/D3_3_MicroHE-Users-Guide.pdf on 29.12.2023.
  • Carroll, S., Ginty ,C. & Maguire, M. (2023). Unlocking pathways: a needs analysis of micro-credentials offered by the TU sector to address industry skill needs in Ireland, N-TUTORR Stream 1,1-60.
  • Corbin, J. & Strauss, A.(2008). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Thousand Oaks: Sage
  • Council of the European Union (2022), "Proposal for a Council Recommendation on a European approach to micro-credentials for lifelong learning and employability", Limited, 9237/22, Brussels: Council of the European Union Publishing. Retrieved from: https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-9237-2022-INIT/en/pdfon 08.03.2023.
  • Demirel, Ö. (2015). Eğitimde program geliştirme. Ankara: Pegem Akademi
  • Denzin, N. K. & Lincoln, Y. S. (1998). The landscape of qualitative research: Theories and issues. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Duman, B., Çubukçu, Z., Taşdemir, M., Güven, M., Babadoğan, C., Oğuz, A. & Aybek, B. (2008) Öğretim ilke ve yöntemleri (1. Baskı). Ankara: Maya Akademi. E-campus, (2024). Retrieved from: https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/microcredentialtoolkit/chapter/assessments/08.10.2023 on 26.07.2024
  • EHEA, (1999). European Higher Education Area: Bologna Declaration. Retrieved from: http://ehea.info/Upload/document/ministerial_declarations/1999_Bologna_Declaration_English_553028.pdf on 07.03.024
  • ETF (2022a). Guide to Design, İssue and Recognize Micro-Credentials. Retrieved from: https://www.etf.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2023-05/Micro Credential%20Guidelines%20Final%20Delivery.pdf on 03.03.2024.
  • ETF (2022b). Policy outlook on micro-credentials. Survey.
  • European Commission (2020) Brussels: Communication from The Commission to The European Parliament, The Council, The European Economic and Social Committee And The Committee of The Regions on Achieving The European Education Area By 2025. Donnelly, Matt, "Medieval U." Christian History, 21, 1, 19-22.
  • Ertürk, S. (1993). Eğitimde program geliştirme. Ankara: Meteksan.
  • Henderikx, P., Ubachs, G. (2019). Innovative models for collaboration and student mobility in Europe. Maastricht, The Netherlands: EADTU
  • Hollands, F. & Kazi, A. (2019). MOOC-based alternative credentials: what’s the value for the learner? Educause Review. Retrieved from: https://er.educause.edu/articles/2019/6/mooc-based-alternative-credentials-whats-the-value-for-the-learner on 01.01.2024
  • Karasar, N. (2005). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kır, Ş. and Bozkurt, A. (2022). Yükseköğretimde mikro-krediler üzerine kavramsal bir değerlendirme . Uşak Üniversitesi Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi , 8 (1) , 12-29. https://doi.org/10.29065/usakead.1037617
  • McMillan, J. H. (2000). Educational research: Fundamentals for the consumer. New York: Longman.
  • Mızıkacı, F., Göktunalı, Ö., Aktaş, A. K., Görür, D. Z., Kızıl, F. & Çınar, S. (2018). Üniversite lisans ders programlarının süreç ve sonuç odaklı program geliştirme yaklaşımlarına göre öğrenci görüşleri açısından incelenmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 34(4), 943-957. https://doi.org/10.16986/HUJE201804602
  • Morgan, D. L. (1996). Focus groups as qualitative research (C. 16). New York: Sage publications.
  • Nuffic. (2022). The rise and recognition of micro-credentials. Retrieved from: https://www.nuffic.nl/sites/default/files/202203/The%20rise%20and%20recognition%20of%20micro-credentials.pdf on 05.03.2024.
  • OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) (2019). OECD learning compass 2030. Retrieved from: https://www.oecd.org/education/2030-project/teachingand-learning/learning/learning compass2030/OECD_Learning_Compass_2030_Concept_Note_Series.pdf on 03.01.2024
  • OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) (2021a).Quality and value of micro-credentials in higher education: Preparing for the future. OECD Education Policy Perspectives, No. 40. https://doi.org/10.1787/9c4ad26d-en
  • OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) (2021b). Micro-credential innovations in higher education: Who, what and why?. OECD Education Policy Perspectives, No:39. Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/f14ef041-en
  • OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) (2023). Micro-credentials for lifelong learning and employability: Uses and possibilities. OECD Education Policy Perspectives, No. 66. https://doi.org/10.1787/9c4b7b68-en
  • Oliver, B. (2019). Making micro‐credentials work for learners, employers and providers. Retrieved from: https://www.assuringgraduatecapabilities.com/uploads/4/5/0/5/45053363/making‐micro‐credentials‐work‐oliver‐deakin‐2019.pdf on 12.02.2024
  • Ornstein, A. C. & Hunkins, F. P. (2016). Eğitim programı: temeller, ilkeler ve sorunlar. (Çeviri Editörü: Asım Arı). Eğitim Yayınevi.
  • Sak, R., Şahin Sak, İ. T., Öneren Şendil, Ç., Nas, E. (2021). Bir araştırma yöntemi olarak doküman analizi. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Eğitim Dergisi, 4(1), 227-256. https://doi.org/10.33400/kuje.843306
  • Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area (ESG).(2015). Brussels. Retrieved from: https://www.enqa.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/ESG_2015.pdf on 03.01.2024.
  • Tanner, D. & Laurel N. Tanner. (1980). Curriculum development: Theory into practice. New York: Mac Millan.
  • TeSLA (2018). An adaptive trust-based e-assessment system for learning. TeSLA Project, 68852, 2018, Retrieved from: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/688520 on 06.02.2024
  • The European MOOC Consortium. (2018). EMC common micro credential framework. Retrieved from: https://emc.eadtu.eu/images/EMC_Common_Microcredential_Framework_.pdf.
  • Tutar, H. (2023). Nitel araştırma deseni belirleme ölçütleri ve gerekçelendirilmesi. Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(25),1-22.
  • TYÇ (2024). Retrieved from: https://uluslararasi.yok.gov.tr/Sayfalar/avrupa-yuksekogretim-alani-ile-uyum-projesi/yeterlikler-cercevesi/seviyeler-ve-seviye-tanimlayicilari.aspx on 01.03.2024
  • UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). (2022). Towards a common definition of micro-credentials. Education 2030. Paris. Retrieved from: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000381668 on 01.02.23
  • Ünsal, H. (2021). Öğretim ilke ve yöntemleri. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Unvan, C. (2016). Türk üniversitelerinde bologna süreci uygulamaları ve geleceğe bakış (Yayınlanmış Doktora Tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara
  • Varış, F.(1978). Eğitim bilimine giriş. In. Ed. (A. Hakan). Anadolu Üniversitesi Açıköğretim Fakültesi Önlisans Programı. Eskişehir: A. Ü. AÖF Yayınları.
  • Yıldırım, A.ve Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Yilik, M. A. (2021). Micro-credentials, higher education and career development: Perspectives of university students. Higher Education Governance & Policy, 2(2), 126-139.
  • Yin, R. (2009). Case study research: design and methods. California: Sage Publications
  • YÖK, (2024). Retrieved from: https://uluslararasi.yok.gov.tr/uluslararasilasma/bologna/bologna-süreci-ana-faaliyet-alanları/diploma-ve-derecelerin-taninmasi on 02.02.2024

The Concept of Micro Credentials in the Context of Curriculum

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 1 - 15
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15049507

Abstract

The aim of this study is to explain micro-credentials through the four components of a curriculum: objectives, content, teaching-learning processes, and assessment. This study was conducted using systematic review and the data were obtained through document analysis. Due to the lack of sources in Türkiye, the study sources consist of international articles, meeting minutes, booklets, books, brochures, and journals. Additionally, since online sources can also be used as data in document analysis, reliable official websites such as those of EHEA, OECD and YÖK were also used as study material, providing relevant information, definitions, statistics, and analyses. Content analysis was employed in the data analysis process. The data were categorized into four main themes: Objectives of Micro-Credentials, Content in Micro-Credentials, Teaching and Learning Processes in Micro-Credentials, and Assessment in Micro-Credentials. While some policymakers, educators, and trainers around the world have already recognized micro-credentials as useful practice and begun integrating them into policy frameworks, micro-credentials have become increasingly prominent in discussions of higher education in Türkiye in recent years. To understand the potential and limitations of micro-credentials, the issue should be made a state policy in Türkiye and a commission should be established to develop a framework. The practices of countries that have made progress in the field of micro-credentials should be studied, and interviews can be conducted with key stakeholders such as learners, employers, higher education institutions, and government officials, to examine micro-credentials from different perspectives.

Ethical Statement

The ethics application for the study was made on 06/11/2023 and the research was carried out with the approval of Ankara University Ethics Commission dated 09/11/2023 and numbered 962.

References

  • AU (Ankara University) (2023). Retrieved from: https://oidb.ankara.edu.tr/wp-content/uploads/sites/91/2023/06/Ankara-Universitesi-Mikro-Yeterlik-Sertifikasi-Yonergesi.pdf on 11.02.2024
  • AU (Ankara University) (2024). Retrieved from: https://acikders.ankara.edu.tr/mod/resource/view.php?id=68565) on 11.02.2024.
  • Brown, M., Mhichil, M. N. G., Beirne, E., & Mac Lochlainn, C. (2021). The global micro- credential landscape: charting a new credential ecology for lifelong learning. National Institute for Digital Learning, Dublin City University, 8 (2), 228-254.
  • Bryman, A. (2012). Social research methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E. (2017). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri, (23. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Camilleri, A. F., & Raimund Hudak. (2018). The Micro-credentials users’ guide. edited by Ivana stanojev, microhe consortium, Retrieved from: https://microcredentials.eu/wpcontent/uploads/sites/20/2021/05/D3_3_MicroHE-Users-Guide.pdf on 29.12.2023.
  • Carroll, S., Ginty ,C. & Maguire, M. (2023). Unlocking pathways: a needs analysis of micro-credentials offered by the TU sector to address industry skill needs in Ireland, N-TUTORR Stream 1,1-60.
  • Corbin, J. & Strauss, A.(2008). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Thousand Oaks: Sage
  • Council of the European Union (2022), "Proposal for a Council Recommendation on a European approach to micro-credentials for lifelong learning and employability", Limited, 9237/22, Brussels: Council of the European Union Publishing. Retrieved from: https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-9237-2022-INIT/en/pdfon 08.03.2023.
  • Demirel, Ö. (2015). Eğitimde program geliştirme. Ankara: Pegem Akademi
  • Denzin, N. K. & Lincoln, Y. S. (1998). The landscape of qualitative research: Theories and issues. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Duman, B., Çubukçu, Z., Taşdemir, M., Güven, M., Babadoğan, C., Oğuz, A. & Aybek, B. (2008) Öğretim ilke ve yöntemleri (1. Baskı). Ankara: Maya Akademi. E-campus, (2024). Retrieved from: https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/microcredentialtoolkit/chapter/assessments/08.10.2023 on 26.07.2024
  • EHEA, (1999). European Higher Education Area: Bologna Declaration. Retrieved from: http://ehea.info/Upload/document/ministerial_declarations/1999_Bologna_Declaration_English_553028.pdf on 07.03.024
  • ETF (2022a). Guide to Design, İssue and Recognize Micro-Credentials. Retrieved from: https://www.etf.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2023-05/Micro Credential%20Guidelines%20Final%20Delivery.pdf on 03.03.2024.
  • ETF (2022b). Policy outlook on micro-credentials. Survey.
  • European Commission (2020) Brussels: Communication from The Commission to The European Parliament, The Council, The European Economic and Social Committee And The Committee of The Regions on Achieving The European Education Area By 2025. Donnelly, Matt, "Medieval U." Christian History, 21, 1, 19-22.
  • Ertürk, S. (1993). Eğitimde program geliştirme. Ankara: Meteksan.
  • Henderikx, P., Ubachs, G. (2019). Innovative models for collaboration and student mobility in Europe. Maastricht, The Netherlands: EADTU
  • Hollands, F. & Kazi, A. (2019). MOOC-based alternative credentials: what’s the value for the learner? Educause Review. Retrieved from: https://er.educause.edu/articles/2019/6/mooc-based-alternative-credentials-whats-the-value-for-the-learner on 01.01.2024
  • Karasar, N. (2005). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kır, Ş. and Bozkurt, A. (2022). Yükseköğretimde mikro-krediler üzerine kavramsal bir değerlendirme . Uşak Üniversitesi Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi , 8 (1) , 12-29. https://doi.org/10.29065/usakead.1037617
  • McMillan, J. H. (2000). Educational research: Fundamentals for the consumer. New York: Longman.
  • Mızıkacı, F., Göktunalı, Ö., Aktaş, A. K., Görür, D. Z., Kızıl, F. & Çınar, S. (2018). Üniversite lisans ders programlarının süreç ve sonuç odaklı program geliştirme yaklaşımlarına göre öğrenci görüşleri açısından incelenmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 34(4), 943-957. https://doi.org/10.16986/HUJE201804602
  • Morgan, D. L. (1996). Focus groups as qualitative research (C. 16). New York: Sage publications.
  • Nuffic. (2022). The rise and recognition of micro-credentials. Retrieved from: https://www.nuffic.nl/sites/default/files/202203/The%20rise%20and%20recognition%20of%20micro-credentials.pdf on 05.03.2024.
  • OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) (2019). OECD learning compass 2030. Retrieved from: https://www.oecd.org/education/2030-project/teachingand-learning/learning/learning compass2030/OECD_Learning_Compass_2030_Concept_Note_Series.pdf on 03.01.2024
  • OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) (2021a).Quality and value of micro-credentials in higher education: Preparing for the future. OECD Education Policy Perspectives, No. 40. https://doi.org/10.1787/9c4ad26d-en
  • OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) (2021b). Micro-credential innovations in higher education: Who, what and why?. OECD Education Policy Perspectives, No:39. Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/f14ef041-en
  • OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) (2023). Micro-credentials for lifelong learning and employability: Uses and possibilities. OECD Education Policy Perspectives, No. 66. https://doi.org/10.1787/9c4b7b68-en
  • Oliver, B. (2019). Making micro‐credentials work for learners, employers and providers. Retrieved from: https://www.assuringgraduatecapabilities.com/uploads/4/5/0/5/45053363/making‐micro‐credentials‐work‐oliver‐deakin‐2019.pdf on 12.02.2024
  • Ornstein, A. C. & Hunkins, F. P. (2016). Eğitim programı: temeller, ilkeler ve sorunlar. (Çeviri Editörü: Asım Arı). Eğitim Yayınevi.
  • Sak, R., Şahin Sak, İ. T., Öneren Şendil, Ç., Nas, E. (2021). Bir araştırma yöntemi olarak doküman analizi. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Eğitim Dergisi, 4(1), 227-256. https://doi.org/10.33400/kuje.843306
  • Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area (ESG).(2015). Brussels. Retrieved from: https://www.enqa.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/ESG_2015.pdf on 03.01.2024.
  • Tanner, D. & Laurel N. Tanner. (1980). Curriculum development: Theory into practice. New York: Mac Millan.
  • TeSLA (2018). An adaptive trust-based e-assessment system for learning. TeSLA Project, 68852, 2018, Retrieved from: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/688520 on 06.02.2024
  • The European MOOC Consortium. (2018). EMC common micro credential framework. Retrieved from: https://emc.eadtu.eu/images/EMC_Common_Microcredential_Framework_.pdf.
  • Tutar, H. (2023). Nitel araştırma deseni belirleme ölçütleri ve gerekçelendirilmesi. Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(25),1-22.
  • TYÇ (2024). Retrieved from: https://uluslararasi.yok.gov.tr/Sayfalar/avrupa-yuksekogretim-alani-ile-uyum-projesi/yeterlikler-cercevesi/seviyeler-ve-seviye-tanimlayicilari.aspx on 01.03.2024
  • UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). (2022). Towards a common definition of micro-credentials. Education 2030. Paris. Retrieved from: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000381668 on 01.02.23
  • Ünsal, H. (2021). Öğretim ilke ve yöntemleri. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Unvan, C. (2016). Türk üniversitelerinde bologna süreci uygulamaları ve geleceğe bakış (Yayınlanmış Doktora Tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara
  • Varış, F.(1978). Eğitim bilimine giriş. In. Ed. (A. Hakan). Anadolu Üniversitesi Açıköğretim Fakültesi Önlisans Programı. Eskişehir: A. Ü. AÖF Yayınları.
  • Yıldırım, A.ve Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Yilik, M. A. (2021). Micro-credentials, higher education and career development: Perspectives of university students. Higher Education Governance & Policy, 2(2), 126-139.
  • Yin, R. (2009). Case study research: design and methods. California: Sage Publications
  • YÖK, (2024). Retrieved from: https://uluslararasi.yok.gov.tr/uluslararasilasma/bologna/bologna-süreci-ana-faaliyet-alanları/diploma-ve-derecelerin-taninmasi on 02.02.2024
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Curriculum and Instration (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Saadet Çınar This is me 0000-0003-0066-6702

Mustafa Cem Babadoğan 0000-0002-6796-5654

Early Pub Date March 20, 2025
Publication Date
Submission Date March 8, 2024
Acceptance Date February 16, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çınar, S., & Babadoğan, M. C. (2025). The Concept of Micro Credentials in the Context of Curriculum. International Journal of Educational Studies and Policy, 6(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15049507