New Solidification Materials in Nuclear Waste Management

Year 2016, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 76 - 82, 25.06.2016

Neslihan Yanikomer Sinan Asal Sevilay Haciyakupoglu , Sema Akyil Erenturk

https://doi.org/10.19072/ijet.54627

Cited By: 4

Abstract

One of the major worldwide environmental issue is the long-term storage or disposal of nuclear waste. Research in solidification materials for long-term storage of high-level nuclear wastes in nuclear industry has started as an imperative need. During the last decade, new solidification materials have been developed for immobilization of actinides and fission products for geological disposal. The materials used for immobilization generally have relatively complex compositions. The structure of these materials investigates using diffraction and spectroscopic methods. Most of the interest has focused on their chemical durabilities and capacity of waste loading. Their physical and chemical properties should not be degraded by a-decay event irradiation from the incorporated actinides. The development of new materials either for storage or for disposal for a long time is still required. In this article, recent developments in the use of solidification materials for the immobilization of high level of nuclear wastes have been reviewed. The comparison of properties of solidification materials is summarized with several applications in connection with experience and technological needs in literature.

Keywords

Nuclear energy, nuclear waste, solidification materials, immobilization, long-term storage

References

• M. Benedict, T.H. Pigford and H.W. Levi, “Nuclear Chemical Engineering”, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Second Edition, 1981, USA.
• F. Cattant, D. Crusset and D. Feron, “Corrosion Issues in Nuclear Industry Today”, Materials Today, 11(10) (2008) 32-37.
• L. Cecille, “New Separation Chemistry Techniques for Radioactive Waste and other Specific Applications”, Elsevier Applied Science, 1991, London and New York.
• J.H. Saling and A.W. Fentiman, “Radioactive Waste Management”, Second Edition, Taylor&Francis, 2002, NewYork, London.
• J.E. Shelby, “Introduction to Glass Science and Technology”, Second Edition, New York State College of Ceramics at Alfred University School of Engineering, Alfred, NY, USA, The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2005.
• K. Raj, K.K. Prasad and N.K. Bansal, “Radioactive Waste Management Practise in India”, Nuclear Engineering and Design, 236: p.914-930, 2006.
• International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), “Nuclear Energy Series, Policies and Strategies for Radioactive Waste Management, No: NW-G-1.1, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 2009a.
• International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), “Safety Standards Series, Predisposal Management of Radioactive Waste”, No: G SR Part 5, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 2009b.
• E. Bernardo, M. Varrasso, F. Cadamuro and S. Hreglich, “Vitrification of Wastes and Preparation of Chemically Stable Sintered Glass-Ceramic Products”, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 352: p. 4017–4023, 2006.
• European Commission, “Geological Disposal of Radioactive Wastes Produced by Nuclear Power, Community Research”, Editor: Neil Chapman, Belgium, 2004.
• F. Cattant, D. Crusset and D. Féron, “Corrosion issues in nuclear industry today”, Materials Today, 11(10): p.32-37, 2008.
• C.M. Jantzen, W.E. Lee and M.I. Ojovan, “Radioactive Waste (RAW) Conditioning, Immobilization, and Encapsulation Processes and Technologies: Overview and Advances, Radioactive Waste Management and Contaminated Site Clean-up”, p.171-272, 2013.
• M. I. Ojovan and William E. Lee, “An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation”, 2nd Edition, Elsevier, 2014.
• C. Bayliss and K. Langley, “Nuclear Decommissioning, Waste Management, and Environmental Site Remediation”, First Edition, Elsevier, pp.330, 2003.
• L. Junfeng, W. Jianlong, “Advances in cement solidification technology for waste radioactive ion exchange resins: A review”, Journal of Hazardous Materials B, 135: p. 443–448, 2006.
• C. Erdogan, M. Bengisu, S. Akyil Erenturk, “Chemical Durability and Structural Analysis of PbO–B2O3 Glasses and Testing for Simulated Radioactive Wastes”, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 445: p. 154–164, 2014.
• W. Vogel, “Chemistry of Glass”, American Ceramic Society, Columbus, Ohio, 1985.
• Y. Cheng, H. Xiao and W. Guo, “Structure and Crystallization Kinetics of PbO-B2O3 Glasses”, Ceramic International, 33: p. 1341-1347, 2007.
• Y. Saddeek, “Structural and Acoustical Studies of Lead Sodium Borate Glasses”, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 467(1): p. 14-21, 2008.
• M. Bengisu, R.K. Brow, E. Yilmaz, A. Mogus-Milankovic and S.T. Reis, “Aluminoborate and Aluminoborosilicate Glasses with High Chemical Durability and the Effect of P2O5 Additions on the Properties”, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 352: p. 3668–3676, 2006.
• N. Singh, K.J. Singh, K. Singh and H. Singh, “Comparative Study of Lead Borate and Bismuth Lead Borate Glass Systems as Gamma Radiation Shielding Materials”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physic Researches B, 225: p.305-309, 2004.
• M.I. Ojovan and W.E. Lee, “An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation”, 2nd Edition, Elsevier Insight, 376: 2013.
• S.V. Stefanovsky, S.V. Yudintsev, R. Giere and G.R. Lumpkin, “Nuclear waste forms”, in Energy, Waste, and the Environment: A Geochemical Perspective, R. Giere, P. Stille (eds), Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 236: p.37-63, 2004.
• R. Asuvathraman, K. Joseph, R. Raja Madhavan, R. Sudha, R. Krishna Prabhu and K.V. Govindan Kutty, “A versatile monazite–IPG glass–ceramic waste form with simulated HLW: Synthesis and characterization”, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 35: p.4233–4239, 2015.
• W.E. Lee, M.I. Ojovan, M.C. Stennett and N.C. Hyatt, “Immobilisation of Radioactive Waste in Glasses, Glass Composite Materials and Ceramics”, Advances in Applied Ceramics, 105(1): p. 3-12, 2006.
• L. Bois, M.J. Guittet, F. Carrot, P. Trocellier and M. Gautier-Soyer, “Preliminary Results on the Leaching Process of Phosphate Ceramics, Potential Hosts for Actinide Immobilization”, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 297: p.129-137, 2001.
• M.L. Carter, H. Li, Y. Zhang, E.R. Vance and D.R.G. Mitchell, “Titanate Ceramics for Immobilisation of Uranium-Rich Radioactive Wastes arising from 99Mo Production”, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 384: p.322–326, 2009.
• E. Du Fou de Kerdaniel, N. Clavier, N. Dacheux, O. Terra and R. Podor, “Actinide Solubility-Controlling Phases during the Dissolution of Phosphate Ceramics”, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 362: p.451–458, 2007.
• S. Nakayama and K. Itoh, “Immobilization of Strontium by Crystalline Zirconium Phosphate”, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 23: p.1047–1052, 2003.
• O. Terra, N. Dacheux, F. Audubert and R. Podor, “Immobilization of Tetravalent Actinides in Phosphate Ceramics”, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 352: p.224–232, 2006.
• W.J. Weber, R.C. Ewing, C.R.A. Catlow, T. Diaz de la Rubia, L.W. Hobbs, C. Kinoshita, Hj. Matzke, A.T. Motta, M. Nastasi, E.K.H. Salje, E.R. Vance and S.J. Zinkle, “Radiation Effects in Crystalline Ceramics for the Immobilization of High-Level Nuclear Waste and Plutonium”, Journal of Materials Research, 13(6): p.1434-1484, 1998.
• Y. Zhang, M.W.A. Stewart, H. Li, M.L. Carter, E.R. Vance and S. Moricca, “Zirconolite-rich Titanate Ceramics for Immobilisation of Actinides–Waste Form/HIP can Interactions and Chemical Durability”, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 395: p. 69–74, 2009.
• V. Pet'kov, E. Asabina, V. Loshkarev and M. Sukhanov, “Systematic investigation of the strontium zirconium phosphate ceramic form for nuclear waste immobilization”, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 471: p.122-128, 2016.
• A.S. Wagh, S.Y. Sayenko, V.A. Shkuropatenko, R.V. Tarasov, M.P. Dykiy, Y.O. Svitlychniy, V.D. Virych and E.A. Ulybkin, “Experimental Study on Cesium Immobilization in Struvite Structures”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 302: p.241–249, 2016.
• M. Kim and J. Heo, “Calcium-Borosilicate Glass-Ceramics Wasteforms to Immobilize Rare-Earth Oxide Wastes from Pyro-Processing”, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 467: p. 224-228, 2015.
• W.J. Weber, A. Navrotsky, S. Stefanovsky, E.R. Vance and E. Vernaz, “Materials Science of High-Level Nuclear Waste Immobilization”, MRS Bulletin, Volume 34: p.46-53, 2009.
• S. Jakkula and V. Deshpande, “Effect of MgO Addition on the Properties of PbO–TiO2–B2O3 Glass and Glass–Ceramics”, Ceramics International, 39: p.15–18, 2013.
• S. Golezardi, V.K. Marghussian, A. Beitollahi and S.M. Mirkazemi, “Crystallization Behavior, Microstructure and Dielectric Properties of Lead Titanate Glass Ceramics in the Presence of Bi2O3 as a Nucleating Agent”, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 30: p.1453–1460, 2010.
• M. Tang, A. Kossoy, G. Jarvinen, J. Crum, L. Turo, B. Riley, K. Brinkman, K. Fox, J. Amoroso, and J. Marra, “Radiation Stability Test on Multiphase Glass Ceramic and Crystalline Ceramic Waste Forms”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 326: p.293–297, 2014.