IN THE LIGHT OF NUTRI-OMIC SCIENCES “ARE WE REALLY WHAT WE EAT?”

Year 2019, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 16 - 22, 17.07.2019

Esra Şık

Abstract

Using high quality genomic tools and bioinformatics
techniques has increased after the Human Genome Project (HGP) is completed. As
a result of this great step taken to carry out comprehensive analyzes of
biological systems, the word –omik was added to the end of the already known
sciences names and new techniques with a holistic approach began to be used.
These techniques called "omik" includes determination and definition
of whether of molecules in a particular biological sample is derived from
cells, tissue samples, an organ, or an entire organism. The main purpose of
omic studies that have been increasing in recent years is to identify genes
(genomics), messenger RNA (transcriptomics), proteins (proteomics) and
metabolites (metabolomics) in a sample.

Apart from these technologies, nutri-genomic also
known as nutritional - omic techniques, nutri-transcriptomic, nutri-proteomic,
nutri-metabolomic subunits are the methods that aim to reveal the relationship
between genes and diet more clearly and studies are progressing rapidly. In
particular, nutrigenomic research includes high throughput analysis using all
sub-sciences of system biology to optimize health through personalization of
the diet, clarify the complex relationship between nutrients and genetic
polymorphisms.

In this review, both understanding the molecular
mechanism of the interaction between the human body and nutrition at all
regulation levels (genes, gene expression, proteins, metabolites) in addition
to the superiority of nutri - omic techniques over traditional approaches and
intending the ability of human health to be optimized by food intervention, evaluation
of prevention and treatment potential of diseases with nutrition is aimed.

Keywords

Nutrigenomic, nutrigenetic, metabolomic, nutrition-gene interaction

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