Research Article
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Healthful Behaviour during the Pandemic: Physical Distancing

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 42 - 55, 26.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.19148/ijhbs.743773

Abstract

The purpose of this naturalistic observation study was to observe, in a natural setting, the actions of shoppers at retail outlets. In doing so it was hoped that numerous behaviors could be observed that would indicate a level or extent of observance of physical distancing guidelines. It was found that the observed sample was often in compliance with physical distancing guidelines and avoiding contact with others while shopping in retail contexts. The wearing of masks was noted and the cleaning of hands upon entry and exiting was commonplace. Overall, the sample demonstrated an informed and obedient behavioural mode observing the advice from various levels of government.

Supporting Institution

Nipissing University

Project Number

1

References

  • Angrosino, M. V. (2005). Recontextualizing observation: Ethnography, pedagogy, and the prospects for a progressive political agenda. In Denzin, N. K., and Y. S. Lincoln, The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
  • Atlas.ti. (2020, April 3). Observational research. [web page]. https://atlasti.com/observational- research/
  • Beins, B. C. (1999). Counting fidgets: Teaching the complexity of naturalistic observation. In L. T. Benjamin Jr. (Ed.), Activities handbook for the teaching of psychology (Vol. 4, pp. 53–56). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • British Columbia Centre for Disease Control. (2020, April 15). Physical distancing. http://www.bccdc.ca/health-info/diseases-conditions/covid-19/prevention-risks/physical-distancing British Columbia Centre for Disease Control. (2020, April 6). Better health through promotion, protection & prevention. http://covid-19.bccdc.ca/
  • Cheng, K.K., Lam, T.H., & Leung, C.C. (2020, April 16). Wearing face masks in the community during the COVID-19 pandemic: altruism and solidarity. The Lancet. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30918- 1/fulltext#articleInformation
  • Creswell, J. (2007). Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Galea, S., Merchant, R.M., & Lurie, N. (2020, April 10). The mental health consequences of COVID-19 and physical distancing: The need for prevention and early intervention. JAMA Intern Med. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.1562
  • Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P., & Borg, W. R. (2007). Educational research: An introduction (8th Ed.). United States of America: Pearson Education.
  • Government of Canada. (April, 5 2020). Public health Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Outbreak update. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/2019-novel- coronavirus-infection.html?topic=tilelink
  • Government of Canada. (2017a). Panel on Research Ethics. Tri-Council Policy Statement – Chapter 2.4. http://www.pre.ethics.gc.ca/eng/policy-politique/initiatives/tcps2- eptc2/chapter2-chapitre2/
  • Government of Ontario. (2020a, April 3). Ontario Increasing Public Health Units' Capacity to Stop COVID-19. https://news.ontario.ca/mohltc/en/2020/04/ontario-increasing- public- health-units-capacity-to-stop-covid-19.html
  • Government of Ontario. (2020b, April 8). List of essential workplaces. https://www.ontario.ca/page/list-essential-workplaces
  • Hammersley, M. (2008). Context and contextuality. The Sage Encyclopedia of Research Methods. (pp. 122-123) London, UK: Sage.
  • Hintze, J. M., Volpe, R. J., Shapiro, E. S. (2008). Best practices in the systematic direct observation of student behavior. In A. Thomas & J. Grimes (Eds.), Best practices in school psychology - V (pp. 319-336). Washington, D. C.: National Association of School Psychologists.
  • Intille S.S. et al. (2003). Tools for studying behavior and technology in natural settings. In: Dey A.K., Schmidt A., McCarthy J.F. (eds.). UbiComp 2003: Ubiquitous Computing. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2864. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
  • Johnson, A. C. (2017). Coffee date with Piaget. YC: Young Children, 72(3), 86–87. http://moxy.eclibrary.ca/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.asp
  • Jones, R. R., Reid, J. B., & Patterson, G. R. (1979). Naturalistic observation in clinical assessment. In P. McReynolds (Ed.), Advances in psychological assessment, 3, 42–95. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Katz-Buonincontro, J., & Anderson, R. C. (2018). How do we get from good to great? The need for better observation studies of creativity in education. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02342 McLeod, S. A. (2015, June 06). Observation methods. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/observation.html MacPherson, M. (2020, March 25). How do Vancouver's 'social distancing' fines work? Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british- columbia/vancouver-social-distancing-penalties-state-of-emergency-1.5508543
  • Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • North Bay Parry Sound Health Unit. (2020, April 3). What is Physical Distancing? https://www.myhealthunit.ca/en/health-topics/what-is-social-distancing.asp
  • Now Staff. (2020, April 12). Fewer people broke physical distancing rules this weekend; Ontario has more than 7,000 cases of COVID-19. https://nowtoronto.com/news/april-12-coronavirus-update-toronto-news/
  • Numerator. (2020, March 31). Numerator Canada: The impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) on Canadian consumer behaviour. Author. https://www.numerator.com/resources/blog/impact-coronavirus-covid-19-canadian- consumer-behaviour
  • Okotoks Online. (2020, March 27). Social distancing: what it means and how to practice it. https://www.okotoksonline.com/local/what-is-social-distancing
  • Patton, M. (2002). Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods (3rd Ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Russell, M., Rachel, P., Signal, L., Stanley, J., Gerring, Z., & Cumming, J. (2011). What do passengers do during travel time? Structured observations on buses and trains. Journal of Public Transportation, 14. 10.5038/2375-0901.14.3.7.
  • Ryan, T. (2019). A naturalistic observation of engagement and disengagement within professional development in education. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching, 3(1), 11-15.
  • Wilson, P.J. (2020, April 16). Social distancing paying off so far - Chirico: No COVID-19 outbreaks in region's 8 long-term care homes. https://www.nugget.ca/news/local- news/social-distancing-paying-off-so-far-chirico
Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 42 - 55, 26.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.19148/ijhbs.743773

Abstract

Project Number

1

References

  • Angrosino, M. V. (2005). Recontextualizing observation: Ethnography, pedagogy, and the prospects for a progressive political agenda. In Denzin, N. K., and Y. S. Lincoln, The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
  • Atlas.ti. (2020, April 3). Observational research. [web page]. https://atlasti.com/observational- research/
  • Beins, B. C. (1999). Counting fidgets: Teaching the complexity of naturalistic observation. In L. T. Benjamin Jr. (Ed.), Activities handbook for the teaching of psychology (Vol. 4, pp. 53–56). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • British Columbia Centre for Disease Control. (2020, April 15). Physical distancing. http://www.bccdc.ca/health-info/diseases-conditions/covid-19/prevention-risks/physical-distancing British Columbia Centre for Disease Control. (2020, April 6). Better health through promotion, protection & prevention. http://covid-19.bccdc.ca/
  • Cheng, K.K., Lam, T.H., & Leung, C.C. (2020, April 16). Wearing face masks in the community during the COVID-19 pandemic: altruism and solidarity. The Lancet. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30918- 1/fulltext#articleInformation
  • Creswell, J. (2007). Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Galea, S., Merchant, R.M., & Lurie, N. (2020, April 10). The mental health consequences of COVID-19 and physical distancing: The need for prevention and early intervention. JAMA Intern Med. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.1562
  • Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P., & Borg, W. R. (2007). Educational research: An introduction (8th Ed.). United States of America: Pearson Education.
  • Government of Canada. (April, 5 2020). Public health Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Outbreak update. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/2019-novel- coronavirus-infection.html?topic=tilelink
  • Government of Canada. (2017a). Panel on Research Ethics. Tri-Council Policy Statement – Chapter 2.4. http://www.pre.ethics.gc.ca/eng/policy-politique/initiatives/tcps2- eptc2/chapter2-chapitre2/
  • Government of Ontario. (2020a, April 3). Ontario Increasing Public Health Units' Capacity to Stop COVID-19. https://news.ontario.ca/mohltc/en/2020/04/ontario-increasing- public- health-units-capacity-to-stop-covid-19.html
  • Government of Ontario. (2020b, April 8). List of essential workplaces. https://www.ontario.ca/page/list-essential-workplaces
  • Hammersley, M. (2008). Context and contextuality. The Sage Encyclopedia of Research Methods. (pp. 122-123) London, UK: Sage.
  • Hintze, J. M., Volpe, R. J., Shapiro, E. S. (2008). Best practices in the systematic direct observation of student behavior. In A. Thomas & J. Grimes (Eds.), Best practices in school psychology - V (pp. 319-336). Washington, D. C.: National Association of School Psychologists.
  • Intille S.S. et al. (2003). Tools for studying behavior and technology in natural settings. In: Dey A.K., Schmidt A., McCarthy J.F. (eds.). UbiComp 2003: Ubiquitous Computing. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2864. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
  • Johnson, A. C. (2017). Coffee date with Piaget. YC: Young Children, 72(3), 86–87. http://moxy.eclibrary.ca/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.asp
  • Jones, R. R., Reid, J. B., & Patterson, G. R. (1979). Naturalistic observation in clinical assessment. In P. McReynolds (Ed.), Advances in psychological assessment, 3, 42–95. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Katz-Buonincontro, J., & Anderson, R. C. (2018). How do we get from good to great? The need for better observation studies of creativity in education. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02342 McLeod, S. A. (2015, June 06). Observation methods. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/observation.html MacPherson, M. (2020, March 25). How do Vancouver's 'social distancing' fines work? Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british- columbia/vancouver-social-distancing-penalties-state-of-emergency-1.5508543
  • Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • North Bay Parry Sound Health Unit. (2020, April 3). What is Physical Distancing? https://www.myhealthunit.ca/en/health-topics/what-is-social-distancing.asp
  • Now Staff. (2020, April 12). Fewer people broke physical distancing rules this weekend; Ontario has more than 7,000 cases of COVID-19. https://nowtoronto.com/news/april-12-coronavirus-update-toronto-news/
  • Numerator. (2020, March 31). Numerator Canada: The impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) on Canadian consumer behaviour. Author. https://www.numerator.com/resources/blog/impact-coronavirus-covid-19-canadian- consumer-behaviour
  • Okotoks Online. (2020, March 27). Social distancing: what it means and how to practice it. https://www.okotoksonline.com/local/what-is-social-distancing
  • Patton, M. (2002). Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods (3rd Ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Russell, M., Rachel, P., Signal, L., Stanley, J., Gerring, Z., & Cumming, J. (2011). What do passengers do during travel time? Structured observations on buses and trains. Journal of Public Transportation, 14. 10.5038/2375-0901.14.3.7.
  • Ryan, T. (2019). A naturalistic observation of engagement and disengagement within professional development in education. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching, 3(1), 11-15.
  • Wilson, P.J. (2020, April 16). Social distancing paying off so far - Chirico: No COVID-19 outbreaks in region's 8 long-term care homes. https://www.nugget.ca/news/local- news/social-distancing-paying-off-so-far-chirico
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Thomas Ryan 0000-0003-1540-4414

Project Number 1
Publication Date August 26, 2020
Submission Date May 28, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ryan, T. (2020). Healthful Behaviour during the Pandemic: Physical Distancing. International Journal of Human and Behavioral Science, 6(1), 42-55. https://doi.org/10.19148/ijhbs.743773