Review
BibTex RIS Cite

İklim Mültecileri ve İklim Mültecileri Kavramını Tanıma Çabası

Year 2024, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 226 - 239, 29.11.2024

Abstract

1951 yılında imzalanan Mülteci Sözleşmesi, mülteci tanımını belirlese de, günümüzde zorunlu göç ile iklim değişikliği arasındaki ilişki giderek daha belirgin hale gelmiştir. İklim mültecileri, iklim değişikliğinin etkisiyle şiddetli iklim olaylarına maruz kalarak evlerini terk eden bireylerdir; bu kavram, yasal olarak tanınmasa da tartışmaların merkezinde yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada, iklim değişikliğinin insanlık üzerindeki derin etkileri ve iklim mültecisi tanımının önemi ele alınmaktadır. İklim mültecileri, yaşam koşullarının daha uygun olduğu bölgelerde yeni bir hayat kurmak zorunda kalan bireyler olarak öne çıkmakta; bu durum da onlara dair yasal düzenlemelerin ve koruma mekanizmalarının gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, sürdürülebilirliği teşvik etmek, iklim değişikliğinin etkilerini azaltmak ve savunmasız nüfusların daha fazla yerinden edilmesini önlemek için hayati öneme sahiptir. Bu bağlamda, iklim mültecileri çağımızın en acil sorunlarından biri olarak değerlendirilmektedir ve uluslararası hukukta bu yeni mülteci kategorisinin tanınması gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır.

References

  • Afridi, Q. K. (2022, September 02). Pakistan’s disastrous floods uproot refugees and citizens. The office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). https://www.unhcr.org/
  • Ahmed, K., & Choat, I. (2022, January 24). The guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/ Armaoğlu, F. (2019). 20.yüzyıl siyası tarihi. Kronik Kitap.
  • Bates, D. C. (2002). Environmental refugees? Classifying human migrations caused by environmental change. Population and Environment 23, 465–477.
  • BBC. (2020, Jan 20). People urgently fleeing climate crisis cannot be sent home, UN rules. https://www.bbc. com/
  • Berchin, I. I., Valduga, I. B., Garcia, J., & Guerra, J. (2017). Climate change and forced migrations: An effort towards recognizing climate refugees. Geoforum, 84, 147-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.06.022
  • Bettini, G. (2013). Climate barbarians at the gate? A critique of apocalyptic narratives on ‘climate refugees’. Geoforum, 45(4), 63-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2012.09.009
  • Bose, P., & Lunstrum, E. (2014). Introduction environmentally ınduced displacement and forced migration. Refuge, 29(2), 5-48.
  • Boyacı, Ö. T. (2020). İklim değişikliği nedeniyle yerinden edilmiş kişilerin korunmasına yönelik ilk kararlar ve Avrupa insan hakları sözleşmesi kapsamındageri göndermeme ilkesi. İnsan Hakları Yıllığı, 41-81.
  • Brown, O. (2016). The international ınstitute for sustainable development (IISD). https://www.iisd.org/ Climate Refugees. (2022, March 03). Latest IPCC Report Projects Climate Change Will Increase Migration Within Africa. https://www.climate-refugees.org/
  • COP 27. (2022, December 19). 27th Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC https://unfccc.int/event/cop-27 Doğan, İ. (2020). İnsan hakları hukuku. Astana Yayınları.
  • Ekşi, N. (2016). İklim mültecileri. Göç Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10-58.
  • El-Hinnawi, E. (1985). United Nations Environment Programme-Environmental refugees. https://digitallibrary. un.org/
  • Farbotko, C., & Lazrus, H. (2012). The first climate refugees? Contesting global narratives of climate change in Tuvalu. Global Environmental Change, 22(2), 382-390. Greenfield, P., Harvey, F., Lakhani, N., & Carrington, D. (2022, November 7). The guardian. https://www. theguardian.com/ White House (2021). Report on the impact of climate change on migration. https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp content/uploads/2021/10/report-on-the-impact-of-climate-change-on-migration.pdf Jacobson, J. L. (1988). Environmental refugees: A yardstick of habitability. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 8(3), 257–258.
  • Jolly, S., & Ahmad, N. (2019). Climate refugees in South Asia. Springer Singapore.
  • Karameşe, Ş. (2021). İklim değişikliği mültecileri’nin birleşmiş milletler ve Türkiye’den bekledikleri yasal düzenlemeler. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 23(4), 133-150.
  • Kaza, S., Yao, L., Bhada-Tata, P., & Woerden, F. V. (2018). What a waste 2.0 : A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050 Urban Development. Washington, DC: World Bank.
  • Kodji, P., Tchobsala, & Ibrahima, A. (2021). Impacts of refugees and climate change on agricultural yields in the Sahelian zone of Minawao, Cameroon. Environmental Challenges, 4, 1-7.
  • Letcher, T. M. (2021). The ımpacts of climate change: A comprehensive study of physical, biophysical, social and political ıssues. Elsevier. https://shop.elsevier.com/books/the-impacts-of-climate-change/ letcher/978-0-12-822373-4
  • Living Planet. (2022). Living planet report 2020. https://livingplanet.panda.org/
  • Lustgarten, A. (2022, July 22). Caribbean nations are trapped between the global financial system and a looming climate disaster. One country’s leader has been fighting to find a way out. https://www.nytimes.com/
  • Molla, N. A., Mollah, K. A., Ali, G., Fungladda, W., Shipin, O., Wongwit, W., & Tomomi, H. (2014). Quantifying disease burden among climate refugees using multidisciplinary approach: A case of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Urban Climate, 126-137.
  • Myers, N. (1993). Ultimate security: The environmental basis of political stability. W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Myers, N. (1997). Environmental Refugees. Population and Environment , 19, 167–182.
  • Myers, N., & Kent, J. (2001). Food and hunger in Sub-Saharan Africa. Environmentalist, 21, 41–69. Perruchoud, R., & Redpath-Cross, J. (2009). Göç terimleri sözlüğü, IOM Uluslararası Göç Örgütü.
  • Shamoun, J., Chen, A., Taranta, J., Rodriguez, E., & Tarasov, A. (2021, May09). Climate change and forced migration: a focus on kiribati. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2022). The climate action monitor 2022 helping countries advance towards net zero. https://data.oecd.org/
  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2022). Climate change 2022: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/
  • International Organization for Migration (IOM). (2022, December 12). Climate change 2022: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. https://lac.iom.int/en/node/124596
  • UNICEF. (2022, November19). Climate change and disaster risk reduction. https://www.unicef.org/
  • United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2022). World Population Prospects: The 2024 Revision. https://population.un.org
  • United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). (2022, December 19). Climate change and displacement. https://www.unhcr.org/
  • Universal Declaration of Human Rights. (2022, December 12). https://www.un.org/
  • Van Selm, J., & Newman, E. (2003). Refugees and forced displacement. International security, human vulnerability and the state.United Nations University Press
  • World Bank. (2021, September 13). Climate Change Could Force 216 Million People to Migrate Within Their Own Countries by 2050. https://www.worldbank.org/
  • World Bank. (2022, February 05). Climate action in 2022: A look back at the World Bank’s climate work for the past year. https://www.worldbank.org/
  • Yücel, G., & Kurnaz, L. (2021). Yeni gerçeğimiz sürdürülebilirlik. İstanbul: Yeni İnsan Yayınevi.
Year 2024, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 226 - 239, 29.11.2024

Abstract

References

  • Afridi, Q. K. (2022, September 02). Pakistan’s disastrous floods uproot refugees and citizens. The office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). https://www.unhcr.org/
  • Ahmed, K., & Choat, I. (2022, January 24). The guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/ Armaoğlu, F. (2019). 20.yüzyıl siyası tarihi. Kronik Kitap.
  • Bates, D. C. (2002). Environmental refugees? Classifying human migrations caused by environmental change. Population and Environment 23, 465–477.
  • BBC. (2020, Jan 20). People urgently fleeing climate crisis cannot be sent home, UN rules. https://www.bbc. com/
  • Berchin, I. I., Valduga, I. B., Garcia, J., & Guerra, J. (2017). Climate change and forced migrations: An effort towards recognizing climate refugees. Geoforum, 84, 147-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.06.022
  • Bettini, G. (2013). Climate barbarians at the gate? A critique of apocalyptic narratives on ‘climate refugees’. Geoforum, 45(4), 63-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2012.09.009
  • Bose, P., & Lunstrum, E. (2014). Introduction environmentally ınduced displacement and forced migration. Refuge, 29(2), 5-48.
  • Boyacı, Ö. T. (2020). İklim değişikliği nedeniyle yerinden edilmiş kişilerin korunmasına yönelik ilk kararlar ve Avrupa insan hakları sözleşmesi kapsamındageri göndermeme ilkesi. İnsan Hakları Yıllığı, 41-81.
  • Brown, O. (2016). The international ınstitute for sustainable development (IISD). https://www.iisd.org/ Climate Refugees. (2022, March 03). Latest IPCC Report Projects Climate Change Will Increase Migration Within Africa. https://www.climate-refugees.org/
  • COP 27. (2022, December 19). 27th Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC https://unfccc.int/event/cop-27 Doğan, İ. (2020). İnsan hakları hukuku. Astana Yayınları.
  • Ekşi, N. (2016). İklim mültecileri. Göç Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10-58.
  • El-Hinnawi, E. (1985). United Nations Environment Programme-Environmental refugees. https://digitallibrary. un.org/
  • Farbotko, C., & Lazrus, H. (2012). The first climate refugees? Contesting global narratives of climate change in Tuvalu. Global Environmental Change, 22(2), 382-390. Greenfield, P., Harvey, F., Lakhani, N., & Carrington, D. (2022, November 7). The guardian. https://www. theguardian.com/ White House (2021). Report on the impact of climate change on migration. https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp content/uploads/2021/10/report-on-the-impact-of-climate-change-on-migration.pdf Jacobson, J. L. (1988). Environmental refugees: A yardstick of habitability. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 8(3), 257–258.
  • Jolly, S., & Ahmad, N. (2019). Climate refugees in South Asia. Springer Singapore.
  • Karameşe, Ş. (2021). İklim değişikliği mültecileri’nin birleşmiş milletler ve Türkiye’den bekledikleri yasal düzenlemeler. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 23(4), 133-150.
  • Kaza, S., Yao, L., Bhada-Tata, P., & Woerden, F. V. (2018). What a waste 2.0 : A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050 Urban Development. Washington, DC: World Bank.
  • Kodji, P., Tchobsala, & Ibrahima, A. (2021). Impacts of refugees and climate change on agricultural yields in the Sahelian zone of Minawao, Cameroon. Environmental Challenges, 4, 1-7.
  • Letcher, T. M. (2021). The ımpacts of climate change: A comprehensive study of physical, biophysical, social and political ıssues. Elsevier. https://shop.elsevier.com/books/the-impacts-of-climate-change/ letcher/978-0-12-822373-4
  • Living Planet. (2022). Living planet report 2020. https://livingplanet.panda.org/
  • Lustgarten, A. (2022, July 22). Caribbean nations are trapped between the global financial system and a looming climate disaster. One country’s leader has been fighting to find a way out. https://www.nytimes.com/
  • Molla, N. A., Mollah, K. A., Ali, G., Fungladda, W., Shipin, O., Wongwit, W., & Tomomi, H. (2014). Quantifying disease burden among climate refugees using multidisciplinary approach: A case of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Urban Climate, 126-137.
  • Myers, N. (1993). Ultimate security: The environmental basis of political stability. W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Myers, N. (1997). Environmental Refugees. Population and Environment , 19, 167–182.
  • Myers, N., & Kent, J. (2001). Food and hunger in Sub-Saharan Africa. Environmentalist, 21, 41–69. Perruchoud, R., & Redpath-Cross, J. (2009). Göç terimleri sözlüğü, IOM Uluslararası Göç Örgütü.
  • Shamoun, J., Chen, A., Taranta, J., Rodriguez, E., & Tarasov, A. (2021, May09). Climate change and forced migration: a focus on kiribati. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2022). The climate action monitor 2022 helping countries advance towards net zero. https://data.oecd.org/
  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2022). Climate change 2022: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/
  • International Organization for Migration (IOM). (2022, December 12). Climate change 2022: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. https://lac.iom.int/en/node/124596
  • UNICEF. (2022, November19). Climate change and disaster risk reduction. https://www.unicef.org/
  • United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2022). World Population Prospects: The 2024 Revision. https://population.un.org
  • United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). (2022, December 19). Climate change and displacement. https://www.unhcr.org/
  • Universal Declaration of Human Rights. (2022, December 12). https://www.un.org/
  • Van Selm, J., & Newman, E. (2003). Refugees and forced displacement. International security, human vulnerability and the state.United Nations University Press
  • World Bank. (2021, September 13). Climate Change Could Force 216 Million People to Migrate Within Their Own Countries by 2050. https://www.worldbank.org/
  • World Bank. (2022, February 05). Climate action in 2022: A look back at the World Bank’s climate work for the past year. https://www.worldbank.org/
  • Yücel, G., & Kurnaz, L. (2021). Yeni gerçeğimiz sürdürülebilirlik. İstanbul: Yeni İnsan Yayınevi.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Migration Sociology
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Metecan Çakrak 0000-0002-5919-6648

Publication Date November 29, 2024
Submission Date May 13, 2024
Acceptance Date November 16, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Çakrak, M. (2024). İklim Mültecileri ve İklim Mültecileri Kavramını Tanıma Çabası. İnsan Hareketliliği Uluslararası Dergisi, 4(2), 226-239.