Research Article
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Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 234 - 250, 16.11.2020

Abstract

References

  • Atiyeh, B.S., Rubeiz, M.T., Hayek, S.N. (2018). Aesthetic/Cosmetic surgery and ethical challenges. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 32: 829-39.
  • Azak-Sungur, S., Sözen-Şahne, B., Yeğenoğlu, S. (2018). [The history of cosmetic products, the evaluation of the product promotions in terms of consumer behaviour and their legal status]. Lokman Hekim Journal, 8:191-197.
  • Bavbek, N. C., & Tuncer, B. B. (2017). Information on the Internet Regarding Orthognathic Surgery in Turkey: Is It an Adequate Guide for Potential Patients?. Turkish Journal of Orthodontics, 30(3): 78-83.
  • Boyer, C., Appel, R., Ball, M.J., van Bemmel, J.H., Bergmans, J.P., Carpentier, M., et al. (2016). Health On the Net's 20 years of transparent and reliable health information. Stud Health Technol Inform, 228:700-4.
  • Boyer, C., Selby, M., Scherrer, J.R., Appel, R.D. (1998). The Health On the Net Code of Conduct for medical and health Websites. Comput Biol Med, 28:603-10.
  • Dinçer, M.Z., Aydoğan Çiftçi, M., Karayılan, E. (2016). [Medical tourism on developing countries: A comparison between Turkey, India, Malaysia and Thailand]. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1:34-60.
  • Erdoğan, S., Yılmaz, E. (2012). Medical Tourism: An Assessment on Turkey. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Knowledge, Economy and Management; Istanbul, Turkey. p.1045-1060.
  • Falk, L.K., Prinsen, T.J. (2016). Decisions, decisions: Factors that influence a patient’s medical tourism choices. Quarterly Review of Business Disciplines, 3:195-212.
  • Fetscherin, M., Stephano, R.M. (2016). The medical tourism index: Scale development and validation. Tour Manag, 52:539-56.
  • Ford, E.W., Huerta, T.R., Diana, M.L., Kazley, A.S., Menachemi, N. (2013). Patient satisfaction scores and their relationship to hospital website quality measures. Health Marketing Quarterly, 30:334-348.
  • Frederick, J.R, Gan, L.L. (2015). East–West differences among medical tourism facilitators’ websites. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 4:98-109. Gaudinat, A., Grabar, N., Boyer, C. (2007). Combination of Heterogeneous Criteria for the Automatic Detection of Ethical Principles on Health Websites. AMIA 2007 Symposium; Chicago, USA. 2007. p.264-268.
  • Greaves, F., Pape, U.J., King, D., Darzi, A., Majeed, A., Wachter, R.M., et al. (2012). Associations between web-based patient ratings and objective measures of hospital quality. Archives of Internal Medicine, 172:435-436.
  • Gutierrez, P. L., & Johnson, D. J. (2018). Can plastic surgeons maintain professionalism within social media?. AMA Journal of Ethics, 20(4): 379-383.
  • Heller, J., Gabbay, J.S., Ghadjar, K., Jourabchi, M., O'Hara, C., Heller, M., et al. (2006). Top-10 list of herbal and supplemental medicines used by cosmetic patients: What the plastic surgeon needs to know. Plast Reconstr Surg, 117:436-45.
  • Heung, V.C.S., Kucukusta, D., Song, H. (2010). A conceptual model of medical tourism: implications for future research. J Travel Tour Mark., 27:236-51.
  • HON Health on the Net-HON Foundation. (2019). The HON Code of Conduct. Retrieved 11 May, 2019, https://www.hon.ch/cgi-bin/HONcode/principles.pl?English
  • Hudson, S., Li, X. (2012). Domestic medical tourism: A neglected dimension of medical tourism research. J Hospit Market Manag, 21:227-46.
  • Janik, P. E., Charytonowicz, M., Szczyt, M., & Miszczyk, J. (2019). Internet and social media as a source of information about plastic surgery: comparison between public and private sector, a 2-center study. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open, 7(3).
  • Jejurikar, S. S., Rovak, J. M., Kuzon Jr, W. M., Chung, K. C., Kotsis, S. V., & Cederna, P. S. (2002). Evaluation of plastic surgery information on the Internet. Annals of Plastic Surgery, 49(5): 460-465.
  • Khan, M.J., Chelliah, S., Haron, M.S. (2016). Medical tourism destination image formation process: A conceptual model. Int J Healthc Manag, 9:134-43.
  • Klein, H.J., Simic, D., Fuchs, N., Schweizer, R., Mehra, T., Giovanoli, P., et al. (2017). Complications after cosmetic surgery tourism. Aesthet Surg J, 37:474-82.
  • Lee, J.L., Choudhry, N.K., Wu, A.W., Matlin, O.S., Brennan, T.A., Shrank, W.H. (2016). Patient use of e-mail, Facebook, and physician websites to communicate with physicians: a national online survey of retail pharmacy users. J Gen Intern Med, 31:145-51.
  • Lunt, N., Horsfall, D., Hanefeld, J. (2016). Medical tourism: A snapshot of evidence on treatment abroad. Maturitas, 88:37-44.
  • Mason, A., Wright, K.B. (2011). Framing medical tourism: An examination of appeal, risk, convalescence, accreditation, and interactivity in medical tourism websites. J Health Commun, 16:163-77.
  • McEvenue, G., Copeland, A., Devon, K. M., & Semple, J. L. (2016). How social are we? A cross-sectional study of the website presence and social media activity of Canadian plastic surgeons. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 36(9): 1079-1084.
  • Ministry of Health. (2019). Health Tourism in Turkey. Retrieved 25 May, 2019, https://saglikturizmi.saglik.gov.tr/TR,175/saglik-turizmi-hakkinda.html
  • Moghavvemi, S., Ormond, M., Musa, G., Mohamed Isa, C.R., Thirumoorthi, T., Bin Mustapha, M.Z., et al. (2017). Connecting with prospective medical tourists online: A cross-sectional analysis of private hospital websites promoting medical tourism in India, Malaysia and Thailand. Tour Manag, 58:154-63.
  • Montemurro, P., Porcnik, A., Hedén, P., & Otte, M. (2015). The influence of social media and easily accessible online information on the aesthetic plastic surgery practice: literature review and our own experience. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 39(2):270-277.
  • Naftali, Y. B., Duek, O. S., Rafaeli, S., & Ullmann, Y. (2018). Plastic surgery faces the web: analysis of the popular social media for plastic surgeons. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open, 6(12).
  • Ozsari, S.H., Karatana, O. (2013). [Health Tourism Situation of Turkey]. J Kartal TR, 24:136-44.
  • Öksüz, B., Altıntaş, V. (2017). [The Use of Digital Communication Tools in Health Tourism]. Journal of Travel and Hospitality Management, 14:59-75.
  • Palma, A. F., Zuk, G., Raptis, D. A., Franck, S., Eylert, G., Frueh, F. S., ... & Shafighi, M. (2016). Quality of information for women seeking breast augmentation in the Internet. Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 50(5): 262-271.
  • Ricketson, G. (1962). Basic for cosmetic surgery. South Med J, 55:269-73.
  • Rodrigues, H., Brochado, A., Troilo, M., Mohsin, A. (2017). Mirror, mirror on the wall, who's the fairest of them all? A critical content analysis on medical tourism. Tour Manag Perspect, 24:16-25.
  • Rowe, D.J., Baker, A.C. (2009). Perioperative risks and benefits of herbal supplements in aesthetic surgery. Aesthetic Surg J, 29:150-7.
  • Samora, J.B., Lifchez, S.D., Blazar, P.E. (2016). Physician-rating web sites: ethical implications. The Journal of Hand Surgery, 41:104-110.
  • Sbaffi, L., Rowley, J. (2017). Trust and credibility in web-based health information: A review and agenda for future research. J Med Internet Res, 19:e218.
  • Siegel, M., Stedman, A., Smith, K.A. (2015). Pediatric professional medical associations and industry guideline compliance. Pediatrics, 136:528-33.
  • The Turkish Society of Plastic-Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Ethical Rules for Websites. Retrieved 10 July, 2019, http://dernek.plastikcerrahi.org.tr/menu/51/web-siteleri-etik-kurallari
  • Trehan SK, Daluiski A. (2016). Online patient ratings: why they matter and what they mean. The Journal of Hand Surgery, 41:316-319.
  • Ward, B., Ward, M., & Paskhover, B. (2018). Google trends as a resource for informing plastic surgery marketing decisions. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 42(2): 598-602.
  • Winker, M.A., Chi-Lum, B., White, J., Andrews, K., Kennett, R.L., DeAngelis, C.D., et al. (2000). Guidelines for medical and health information sites on the internet principles governing AMA websites. JAMA, 283:1600-1606.
  • Wong, W.W., Camp, M.C., Camp, J.S., Gupta, S.C. (2010). The quality of Internet advertising in aesthetic surgery: An in-depth analysis. Aesthet Surg J, 30:735-43.
  • Yegenoglu, S., Aslan, D., Sozen, B. (2012). Is there an improvement on the Websites of the national and international pharmaceutical companies in Turkey? A follow-up study. Telemed J E Health, 18:238-43.

TURKISH AESTHETIC SURGEONS’ WEBSITES AS ONLINE INFORMATION SOURCES FOR MEDICAL TOURISM

Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 234 - 250, 16.11.2020

Abstract

Abstract: In recent years, the increasing importance of medical tourism in Turkey cannot be ignored. Existence of websites that fulfil various quality criteria concerning its features is important for providing the right information to people looking for aesthetic interventions and aesthetic surgeons. The aim of this study is to reveal the current situation of Turkish aesthetic surgeon’s websites in terms of both HONcode (Health on the Net Code of Conduct) and TSPRAS’ principles (Turkish Society of Plastic-Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons’ Ethical Rules for Websites). In this study, Turkish aesthetic surgeons’ websites were evaluated and scored according to the HONcode and selected TSPRAS’ principles concerning eleven basic features of the website. There were 749 surgeons who were members of the TSPRAS. Of these, 341 (45.7%) had their own accessible, professional websites. 190 websites confirm to at least all of the 5 selected TSPRAS’ principles. Various studies have been conducted for the purpose of examining websites and their role in medical tourism. Based on those, it can be considered that increasing the number and quality of TSPRAS’ registered surgeons’ websites will give a fresh momentum to aesthetic health tourism. This will be beneficial in terms of patient safety and national economy, and will increase the competition with other countries to achieve higher levels of quality in medical tourism.

References

  • Atiyeh, B.S., Rubeiz, M.T., Hayek, S.N. (2018). Aesthetic/Cosmetic surgery and ethical challenges. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 32: 829-39.
  • Azak-Sungur, S., Sözen-Şahne, B., Yeğenoğlu, S. (2018). [The history of cosmetic products, the evaluation of the product promotions in terms of consumer behaviour and their legal status]. Lokman Hekim Journal, 8:191-197.
  • Bavbek, N. C., & Tuncer, B. B. (2017). Information on the Internet Regarding Orthognathic Surgery in Turkey: Is It an Adequate Guide for Potential Patients?. Turkish Journal of Orthodontics, 30(3): 78-83.
  • Boyer, C., Appel, R., Ball, M.J., van Bemmel, J.H., Bergmans, J.P., Carpentier, M., et al. (2016). Health On the Net's 20 years of transparent and reliable health information. Stud Health Technol Inform, 228:700-4.
  • Boyer, C., Selby, M., Scherrer, J.R., Appel, R.D. (1998). The Health On the Net Code of Conduct for medical and health Websites. Comput Biol Med, 28:603-10.
  • Dinçer, M.Z., Aydoğan Çiftçi, M., Karayılan, E. (2016). [Medical tourism on developing countries: A comparison between Turkey, India, Malaysia and Thailand]. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1:34-60.
  • Erdoğan, S., Yılmaz, E. (2012). Medical Tourism: An Assessment on Turkey. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Knowledge, Economy and Management; Istanbul, Turkey. p.1045-1060.
  • Falk, L.K., Prinsen, T.J. (2016). Decisions, decisions: Factors that influence a patient’s medical tourism choices. Quarterly Review of Business Disciplines, 3:195-212.
  • Fetscherin, M., Stephano, R.M. (2016). The medical tourism index: Scale development and validation. Tour Manag, 52:539-56.
  • Ford, E.W., Huerta, T.R., Diana, M.L., Kazley, A.S., Menachemi, N. (2013). Patient satisfaction scores and their relationship to hospital website quality measures. Health Marketing Quarterly, 30:334-348.
  • Frederick, J.R, Gan, L.L. (2015). East–West differences among medical tourism facilitators’ websites. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 4:98-109. Gaudinat, A., Grabar, N., Boyer, C. (2007). Combination of Heterogeneous Criteria for the Automatic Detection of Ethical Principles on Health Websites. AMIA 2007 Symposium; Chicago, USA. 2007. p.264-268.
  • Greaves, F., Pape, U.J., King, D., Darzi, A., Majeed, A., Wachter, R.M., et al. (2012). Associations between web-based patient ratings and objective measures of hospital quality. Archives of Internal Medicine, 172:435-436.
  • Gutierrez, P. L., & Johnson, D. J. (2018). Can plastic surgeons maintain professionalism within social media?. AMA Journal of Ethics, 20(4): 379-383.
  • Heller, J., Gabbay, J.S., Ghadjar, K., Jourabchi, M., O'Hara, C., Heller, M., et al. (2006). Top-10 list of herbal and supplemental medicines used by cosmetic patients: What the plastic surgeon needs to know. Plast Reconstr Surg, 117:436-45.
  • Heung, V.C.S., Kucukusta, D., Song, H. (2010). A conceptual model of medical tourism: implications for future research. J Travel Tour Mark., 27:236-51.
  • HON Health on the Net-HON Foundation. (2019). The HON Code of Conduct. Retrieved 11 May, 2019, https://www.hon.ch/cgi-bin/HONcode/principles.pl?English
  • Hudson, S., Li, X. (2012). Domestic medical tourism: A neglected dimension of medical tourism research. J Hospit Market Manag, 21:227-46.
  • Janik, P. E., Charytonowicz, M., Szczyt, M., & Miszczyk, J. (2019). Internet and social media as a source of information about plastic surgery: comparison between public and private sector, a 2-center study. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open, 7(3).
  • Jejurikar, S. S., Rovak, J. M., Kuzon Jr, W. M., Chung, K. C., Kotsis, S. V., & Cederna, P. S. (2002). Evaluation of plastic surgery information on the Internet. Annals of Plastic Surgery, 49(5): 460-465.
  • Khan, M.J., Chelliah, S., Haron, M.S. (2016). Medical tourism destination image formation process: A conceptual model. Int J Healthc Manag, 9:134-43.
  • Klein, H.J., Simic, D., Fuchs, N., Schweizer, R., Mehra, T., Giovanoli, P., et al. (2017). Complications after cosmetic surgery tourism. Aesthet Surg J, 37:474-82.
  • Lee, J.L., Choudhry, N.K., Wu, A.W., Matlin, O.S., Brennan, T.A., Shrank, W.H. (2016). Patient use of e-mail, Facebook, and physician websites to communicate with physicians: a national online survey of retail pharmacy users. J Gen Intern Med, 31:145-51.
  • Lunt, N., Horsfall, D., Hanefeld, J. (2016). Medical tourism: A snapshot of evidence on treatment abroad. Maturitas, 88:37-44.
  • Mason, A., Wright, K.B. (2011). Framing medical tourism: An examination of appeal, risk, convalescence, accreditation, and interactivity in medical tourism websites. J Health Commun, 16:163-77.
  • McEvenue, G., Copeland, A., Devon, K. M., & Semple, J. L. (2016). How social are we? A cross-sectional study of the website presence and social media activity of Canadian plastic surgeons. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 36(9): 1079-1084.
  • Ministry of Health. (2019). Health Tourism in Turkey. Retrieved 25 May, 2019, https://saglikturizmi.saglik.gov.tr/TR,175/saglik-turizmi-hakkinda.html
  • Moghavvemi, S., Ormond, M., Musa, G., Mohamed Isa, C.R., Thirumoorthi, T., Bin Mustapha, M.Z., et al. (2017). Connecting with prospective medical tourists online: A cross-sectional analysis of private hospital websites promoting medical tourism in India, Malaysia and Thailand. Tour Manag, 58:154-63.
  • Montemurro, P., Porcnik, A., Hedén, P., & Otte, M. (2015). The influence of social media and easily accessible online information on the aesthetic plastic surgery practice: literature review and our own experience. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 39(2):270-277.
  • Naftali, Y. B., Duek, O. S., Rafaeli, S., & Ullmann, Y. (2018). Plastic surgery faces the web: analysis of the popular social media for plastic surgeons. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open, 6(12).
  • Ozsari, S.H., Karatana, O. (2013). [Health Tourism Situation of Turkey]. J Kartal TR, 24:136-44.
  • Öksüz, B., Altıntaş, V. (2017). [The Use of Digital Communication Tools in Health Tourism]. Journal of Travel and Hospitality Management, 14:59-75.
  • Palma, A. F., Zuk, G., Raptis, D. A., Franck, S., Eylert, G., Frueh, F. S., ... & Shafighi, M. (2016). Quality of information for women seeking breast augmentation in the Internet. Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 50(5): 262-271.
  • Ricketson, G. (1962). Basic for cosmetic surgery. South Med J, 55:269-73.
  • Rodrigues, H., Brochado, A., Troilo, M., Mohsin, A. (2017). Mirror, mirror on the wall, who's the fairest of them all? A critical content analysis on medical tourism. Tour Manag Perspect, 24:16-25.
  • Rowe, D.J., Baker, A.C. (2009). Perioperative risks and benefits of herbal supplements in aesthetic surgery. Aesthetic Surg J, 29:150-7.
  • Samora, J.B., Lifchez, S.D., Blazar, P.E. (2016). Physician-rating web sites: ethical implications. The Journal of Hand Surgery, 41:104-110.
  • Sbaffi, L., Rowley, J. (2017). Trust and credibility in web-based health information: A review and agenda for future research. J Med Internet Res, 19:e218.
  • Siegel, M., Stedman, A., Smith, K.A. (2015). Pediatric professional medical associations and industry guideline compliance. Pediatrics, 136:528-33.
  • The Turkish Society of Plastic-Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Ethical Rules for Websites. Retrieved 10 July, 2019, http://dernek.plastikcerrahi.org.tr/menu/51/web-siteleri-etik-kurallari
  • Trehan SK, Daluiski A. (2016). Online patient ratings: why they matter and what they mean. The Journal of Hand Surgery, 41:316-319.
  • Ward, B., Ward, M., & Paskhover, B. (2018). Google trends as a resource for informing plastic surgery marketing decisions. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 42(2): 598-602.
  • Winker, M.A., Chi-Lum, B., White, J., Andrews, K., Kennett, R.L., DeAngelis, C.D., et al. (2000). Guidelines for medical and health information sites on the internet principles governing AMA websites. JAMA, 283:1600-1606.
  • Wong, W.W., Camp, M.C., Camp, J.S., Gupta, S.C. (2010). The quality of Internet advertising in aesthetic surgery: An in-depth analysis. Aesthet Surg J, 30:735-43.
  • Yegenoglu, S., Aslan, D., Sozen, B. (2012). Is there an improvement on the Websites of the national and international pharmaceutical companies in Turkey? A follow-up study. Telemed J E Health, 18:238-43.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Bilge Sözen Şahne This is me

Meltem Şengelen This is me

Maarten Postma This is me

Selen Yeğenoğlu This is me

Publication Date November 16, 2020
Submission Date June 15, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 5 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Sözen Şahne, B., Şengelen, M., Postma, M., Yeğenoğlu, S. (2020). TURKISH AESTHETIC SURGEONS’ WEBSITES AS ONLINE INFORMATION SOURCES FOR MEDICAL TOURISM. International Journal of Health Management and Tourism, 5(3), 234-250.