Abedi, V., Olulana, O., Avula, V., Chaudhary, D., Khan, A., Shahjouei, S., Li, J., & Zand, R.
(2021). Racial, Economic, and Health Inequality and COVID-19 Infection in the United
States. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 8(3), 732–742.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-020-00833-4
Atalan, A. (2018). Türkiye Sağlık Ekonomisi için İstatistiksel Çok Amaçlı Optimizasyon
Modelinin Uygulanması. İşletme Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 34–51.
http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/414076
Atalan, A. (2020). Forecasting for Healthcare Expenditure of Turkey Covering the Years of
2018-2050. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1), 8–16.
https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.538111
Atalan, A., & Donmez, C. C. (2020). Developing Optimization Models To Evluate Healthcare
Systems. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 38(2), 853–873.
Barnes, H., Richards, M. R., McHugh, M. D., & Martsolf, G. (2018). Rural And Nonrural
Primary Care Physician Practices Increasingly Rely On Nurse Practitioners. Health Affairs,
37(6), 908–914. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.1158
Briggs, A. H., & Gray, A. M. (1999). Handling uncertainty when performing economic
evaluation of healthcare interventions. In Health Technology Assessment.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd Editio). Lawrence
Erlbaum Associates.
Craven, M. P., Morgan, S. P., Crowe, J. A., & Lu, B. (2009). Deploying a spreadsheet tool for
early economic value assessment of medical device innovations with healthcare decision makers. Journal of Management & Marketing in Healthcare, 2(3), 278–292.
https://doi.org/10.1179/mmh.2009.2.3.278
Eriksen, S., & Wiese, R. (2019). Policy induced increases in private healthcare financing provide
short-term relief of total healthcare expenditure growth: Evidence from OECD countries.
European Journal of Political Economy.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2019.02.001
Folland, S., Goodman, A. C., & Stano, M. (2013). The Economics of Health and Health Care
(Internatio). Routledge.
Gerdtham, U. G., Søgaard, J., Andersson, F., & Jönsson, B. (1992). An econometric analysis of
health care expenditure: A cross-section study of the OECD countries. Journal of Health
Economics, 11(1), 63–84. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6296(92)90025-V
Jaba, E., Balan, C. B., & Robu, I.-B. (2014). The Relationship between Life Expectancy at Birth
and Health Expenditures Estimated by a Cross-country and Time-series Analysis. Procedia
Economics and Finance. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00454-7
Kurtzman, E. T., & Barnow, B. S. (2017). A Comparison of Nurse Practitioners, Physician
Assistants, and Primary Care Physicians’ Patterns of Practice and Quality of Care in Health
Centers. Medical Care, 55(6), 615–622. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000000689
Malehi, A. S., Pourmotahari, F., & Angali, K. A. (2015). Statistical models for the analysis of
skewed healthcare cost data: a simulation study. Health Economics Review, 5, 11.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13561-015-0045-7
Mihaylova, B., Briggs, A., O’Hagan, A., & Thompson, S. G. (2011). Review of statistical
methods for analysing healthcare resources and costs. Health Economics, 20(8), 897–916.
https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.1653
Minitab. (2021). Pearson’s correlation using Minitab.
Montgomery, D. C., Jennings, C. L., & Kulahci, M. (2015). Introduction to time series analysis
and forecasting. John Wiley & Sons.
Nghiem, S. H., & Connelly, L. B. (2017). Convergence and determinants of health expenditures
in OECD countries. Health Economics Review, 7(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13561-017-0164-4
Pacáková, V., Jindrová, P., & Kopecká, L. (2019). Statistical Analysis of Health Inequalities in
European Countries. ITM Web of Conferences, 24, 02002.
https://doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20192402002
Pellegrini, L. C., Rodriguez-Monguio, R., & Qian, J. (2014). The US healthcare workforce and
the labor market effect on healthcare spending and health outcomes. International Journal
of Health Care Finance and Economics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10754-014-9142-0
Rachmani, E., Hsu, C. Y., Nurjanah, N., Chang, P. W., Shidik, G. F., Noersasongko, E.,
Jumanto, J., Fuad, A., Ningrum, D. N. A., Kurniadi, A., & Lin, M. C. (2019). Developing
an Indonesia’s health literacy short-form survey questionnaire (HLS-EU-SQ10-IDN) using
the feature selection and genetic algorithm. Computer Methods and Programs in
Biomedicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.105047
Radeschi, G., Urso, F., Campagna, S., Berchialla, P., Borga, S., Mina, A., Penso, R., Di
Pietrantonj, C., & Sandroni, C. (2015). Factors affecting attitudes and barriers to a medical
emergency team among nurses and medical doctors: A multi-centre survey. Resuscitation,
88, 92–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.12.027
Siciliani, L., Stanciole, A., & Jacobs, R. (2009). Do waiting times reduce hospital costs? Journal
of Health Economics, 28, 771–780.
Svensson, R. (1996). The interplay between doctors and nurses -- a negotiated order perspective.
Sociology of Health and Illness, 18(3), 379–398. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-
9566.ep10934735
TUIK. (2021). Sağlık İstatistikleri, istatistiksel Tablolar ve Dinamik Sorgulama. Türkiye
İstatistik Kurumu. https://tuikweb.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1095
Yang, X. (2019). Health expenditure, human capital, and economic growth: an empirical study of
developing countries. International Journal of Health Economics and Management, 1–14.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10754-019-09275-w
EFFECT OF HEALTHCARE EXPENDITURE ON THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF NURSES AND DOCTORS EMPLOYED
Year 2021,
Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 515 - 525, 29.07.2021
Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze the correlation between the numbers of doctors and nurses, as well
as the effect of health expenditure (HE) on the employment of doctors and nurses.
Methods: The study data belong to the Turkish health system and cover the years 1975-2018. The amount
of HE data was handled as the ratio of Turkey to national income (GDP). Pearson correlation test and linear
regression model methods were used in this study. The doctor-nurse ratio was examined in order to see the
interaction levels of the relationship between the doctor and the nurse apart from the correlation.
Findings: There is a strong correlation between nurse and doctor employment, and the correlation value
was calculated as 0.973 (p-value=0.001, n=44 samples). Correlation coefficients between dependent
variables and independent (HE) variables were analyzed as 0.715 (p-value=0.001) for nurse employment
and 0.840 (p-value=0.001) for physician employment, respectively.
Conclusion: The amount of HE was very effective on both the number of physicians and the nurses based
on the regression analysis.
Abedi, V., Olulana, O., Avula, V., Chaudhary, D., Khan, A., Shahjouei, S., Li, J., & Zand, R.
(2021). Racial, Economic, and Health Inequality and COVID-19 Infection in the United
States. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 8(3), 732–742.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-020-00833-4
Atalan, A. (2018). Türkiye Sağlık Ekonomisi için İstatistiksel Çok Amaçlı Optimizasyon
Modelinin Uygulanması. İşletme Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 34–51.
http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/414076
Atalan, A. (2020). Forecasting for Healthcare Expenditure of Turkey Covering the Years of
2018-2050. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1), 8–16.
https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.538111
Atalan, A., & Donmez, C. C. (2020). Developing Optimization Models To Evluate Healthcare
Systems. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 38(2), 853–873.
Barnes, H., Richards, M. R., McHugh, M. D., & Martsolf, G. (2018). Rural And Nonrural
Primary Care Physician Practices Increasingly Rely On Nurse Practitioners. Health Affairs,
37(6), 908–914. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.1158
Briggs, A. H., & Gray, A. M. (1999). Handling uncertainty when performing economic
evaluation of healthcare interventions. In Health Technology Assessment.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd Editio). Lawrence
Erlbaum Associates.
Craven, M. P., Morgan, S. P., Crowe, J. A., & Lu, B. (2009). Deploying a spreadsheet tool for
early economic value assessment of medical device innovations with healthcare decision makers. Journal of Management & Marketing in Healthcare, 2(3), 278–292.
https://doi.org/10.1179/mmh.2009.2.3.278
Eriksen, S., & Wiese, R. (2019). Policy induced increases in private healthcare financing provide
short-term relief of total healthcare expenditure growth: Evidence from OECD countries.
European Journal of Political Economy.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2019.02.001
Folland, S., Goodman, A. C., & Stano, M. (2013). The Economics of Health and Health Care
(Internatio). Routledge.
Gerdtham, U. G., Søgaard, J., Andersson, F., & Jönsson, B. (1992). An econometric analysis of
health care expenditure: A cross-section study of the OECD countries. Journal of Health
Economics, 11(1), 63–84. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6296(92)90025-V
Jaba, E., Balan, C. B., & Robu, I.-B. (2014). The Relationship between Life Expectancy at Birth
and Health Expenditures Estimated by a Cross-country and Time-series Analysis. Procedia
Economics and Finance. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00454-7
Kurtzman, E. T., & Barnow, B. S. (2017). A Comparison of Nurse Practitioners, Physician
Assistants, and Primary Care Physicians’ Patterns of Practice and Quality of Care in Health
Centers. Medical Care, 55(6), 615–622. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000000689
Malehi, A. S., Pourmotahari, F., & Angali, K. A. (2015). Statistical models for the analysis of
skewed healthcare cost data: a simulation study. Health Economics Review, 5, 11.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13561-015-0045-7
Mihaylova, B., Briggs, A., O’Hagan, A., & Thompson, S. G. (2011). Review of statistical
methods for analysing healthcare resources and costs. Health Economics, 20(8), 897–916.
https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.1653
Minitab. (2021). Pearson’s correlation using Minitab.
Montgomery, D. C., Jennings, C. L., & Kulahci, M. (2015). Introduction to time series analysis
and forecasting. John Wiley & Sons.
Nghiem, S. H., & Connelly, L. B. (2017). Convergence and determinants of health expenditures
in OECD countries. Health Economics Review, 7(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13561-017-0164-4
Pacáková, V., Jindrová, P., & Kopecká, L. (2019). Statistical Analysis of Health Inequalities in
European Countries. ITM Web of Conferences, 24, 02002.
https://doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20192402002
Pellegrini, L. C., Rodriguez-Monguio, R., & Qian, J. (2014). The US healthcare workforce and
the labor market effect on healthcare spending and health outcomes. International Journal
of Health Care Finance and Economics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10754-014-9142-0
Rachmani, E., Hsu, C. Y., Nurjanah, N., Chang, P. W., Shidik, G. F., Noersasongko, E.,
Jumanto, J., Fuad, A., Ningrum, D. N. A., Kurniadi, A., & Lin, M. C. (2019). Developing
an Indonesia’s health literacy short-form survey questionnaire (HLS-EU-SQ10-IDN) using
the feature selection and genetic algorithm. Computer Methods and Programs in
Biomedicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.105047
Radeschi, G., Urso, F., Campagna, S., Berchialla, P., Borga, S., Mina, A., Penso, R., Di
Pietrantonj, C., & Sandroni, C. (2015). Factors affecting attitudes and barriers to a medical
emergency team among nurses and medical doctors: A multi-centre survey. Resuscitation,
88, 92–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.12.027
Siciliani, L., Stanciole, A., & Jacobs, R. (2009). Do waiting times reduce hospital costs? Journal
of Health Economics, 28, 771–780.
Svensson, R. (1996). The interplay between doctors and nurses -- a negotiated order perspective.
Sociology of Health and Illness, 18(3), 379–398. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-
9566.ep10934735
TUIK. (2021). Sağlık İstatistikleri, istatistiksel Tablolar ve Dinamik Sorgulama. Türkiye
İstatistik Kurumu. https://tuikweb.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1095
Yang, X. (2019). Health expenditure, human capital, and economic growth: an empirical study of
developing countries. International Journal of Health Economics and Management, 1–14.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10754-019-09275-w
Atalan, A. (2021). EFFECT OF HEALTHCARE EXPENDITURE ON THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF NURSES AND DOCTORS EMPLOYED. International Journal of Health Management and Tourism, 6(2), 515-525.