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A Two-Step Rule for Backpropagation

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 57 - 69, 16.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.53508/ijiam.1265832

Abstract

We present a simplified computational rule for the back-propagation formulas for artificial neural networks. In this work, we provide a generic two-step rule for the back-propagation algorithm in matrix notation. Moreover, this rule incorporates both the forward and backward phases of the computations involved in the learning process. Specifically, this recursive computing rule permits the propagation of the changes to all synaptic weights in the network, layer by layer, efficiently. In particular, we use this rule to compute both the up and down partial derivatives of the cost function of all the connections feeding into the output layer.

References

  • Alber, M., Bello, I., Zoph, B., Kindermans, P. J., Ramachandran, P., & Le, Q. (2018). Backprop evolution. Preprint at https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.02822.
  • Baldi, P. (2021). Deep learning in science. Cambridge University Press.
  • Boughammoura, A. (2023). Backpropagation and F-adjoint. Preprint at https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.13820.
  • Hojabr, R., Givaki, K., Pourahmadi, K., Nooralinejad, P., Khonsari, A., Rahmati, D., & Najafi, M. H. (2020, October). TaxoNN: A Light-Weight Accelerator for Deep Neural Network Training. In 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
  • McCulloch, W. S., & Pitts, W. (1943). A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity. The bulletin of mathematical biophysics, 5, 115-133.
  • Rumelhart, D. E., Hinton, G. E., & Williams, R. J. (1986). Learning representations by back-propagating errors. nature, 323 (6088), 533-536.
  • Schmidhuber, J. (2015). Deep learning in neural networks: An overview. Neural networks, 61, 85-117.
  • Ye, J. C. (2022). Geometry of Deep Learning. Springer Singapore.

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 57 - 69, 16.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.53508/ijiam.1265832

Abstract

References

  • Alber, M., Bello, I., Zoph, B., Kindermans, P. J., Ramachandran, P., & Le, Q. (2018). Backprop evolution. Preprint at https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.02822.
  • Baldi, P. (2021). Deep learning in science. Cambridge University Press.
  • Boughammoura, A. (2023). Backpropagation and F-adjoint. Preprint at https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.13820.
  • Hojabr, R., Givaki, K., Pourahmadi, K., Nooralinejad, P., Khonsari, A., Rahmati, D., & Najafi, M. H. (2020, October). TaxoNN: A Light-Weight Accelerator for Deep Neural Network Training. In 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
  • McCulloch, W. S., & Pitts, W. (1943). A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity. The bulletin of mathematical biophysics, 5, 115-133.
  • Rumelhart, D. E., Hinton, G. E., & Williams, R. J. (1986). Learning representations by back-propagating errors. nature, 323 (6088), 533-536.
  • Schmidhuber, J. (2015). Deep learning in neural networks: An overview. Neural networks, 61, 85-117.
  • Ye, J. C. (2022). Geometry of Deep Learning. Springer Singapore.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Software Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ahmed BOUGHAMMOURA
Higher Institute of Informatics and Mathematics, Monastir, Tunisia
Tunisia

Early Pub Date June 3, 2023
Publication Date June 16, 2023
Acceptance Date May 8, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA
BOUGHAMMOURA, A. (2023). A Two-Step Rule for Backpropagation. International Journal of Informatics and Applied Mathematics, 6(1), 57-69. https://doi.org/10.53508/ijiam.1265832
MLA
BOUGHAMMOURA, Ahmed. “A Two-Step Rule for Backpropagation”. International Journal of Informatics and Applied Mathematics, vol. 6, no. 1, 2023, pp. 57-69, doi:10.53508/ijiam.1265832.
Chicago
BOUGHAMMOURA, Ahmed. “A Two-Step Rule for Backpropagation”. International Journal of Informatics and Applied Mathematics 6, no. 1 (June 2023): 57-69. https://doi.org/10.53508/ijiam.1265832.
EndNote
BOUGHAMMOURA A (June 1, 2023) A Two-Step Rule for Backpropagation. International Journal of Informatics and Applied Mathematics 6 1 57–69.
ISNAD
BOUGHAMMOURA, Ahmed. “A Two-Step Rule for Backpropagation”. International Journal of Informatics and Applied Mathematics 6/1 (June 2023), 57-69. https://doi.org/10.53508/ijiam.1265832.
AMA
BOUGHAMMOURA A. A Two-Step Rule for Backpropagation. IJIAM. June 2023;6(1):57-69. doi:10.53508/ijiam.1265832
Vancouver
BOUGHAMMOURA A. A Two-Step Rule for Backpropagation. IJIAM. 2023;6(1):57-69.
IEEE
A. BOUGHAMMOURA, “A Two-Step Rule for Backpropagation”, IJIAM, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 57–69, 2023, doi: 10.53508/ijiam.1265832.
JAMA
BOUGHAMMOURA A. A Two-Step Rule for Backpropagation. IJIAM. 2023;6:57–69.

International Journal of Informatics and Applied Mathematics