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INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF SMAW PARAMETERS ON PROPERTIES OF AH36 JOINTS AND THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SEAWATER

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 28 - 36, 29.06.2024

Emre Görgün

https://doi.org/10.46460/ijiea.1418641

Abstract

Underwater wet welding (UWW) is a critical technique for repairing offshore structures, underwater pipelines, water transport infrastructure, docks, and harbor equipment. In this study, the mechanical and microstructural properties of AH36 low-carbon steel weldments were investigated using metal arc welding (SMAW), an underwater wet welding method, at various welding current strengths and seawater temperatures. The relationship between changes in seawater temperature and welding current parameters and their impact on seasonal variations in welding conditions and seawater composition was examined. In the first stage, the yield strength of AH36 was statistically modeled using a central composite design with input parameters of seawater temperature (ranging from 9.7 °C to 25.3 °C) and weld current value (ranging from 49A to 90A). Optimal conditions were determined, resulting in a yield strength of 270MPa, achieved at a seawater temperature of 17.5 °C and a weld current value of 69.5 A. In the second stage, data from optimization studies were utilized to develop elemental exchange equations for Cr (R2=87.3), Ni (R2=64.45), and Mn (R2=65.74) ions in seawater. The findings reveal that weld current intensity primarily influences changes in Cr content in seawater, seawater temperature is correlated with Ni content, and both current intensity and seawater temperature affect the Mn content. The analytical techniques employed include Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for seawater ion analysis, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) point analysis to determine the chemical composition of AH36, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for microstructural analysis.

Keywords

Response surface method (RSM) Steel plate A36 Stick metal arc welding (SMAW) Underwater wet welding (UWW) Welding current

References

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SMAW PARAMETRELERİNİN AH36 BAĞLANTI ÖZELLİKLERİNE VE DENİZ SUYUNUN KİMYASAL BİLEŞİMİNE ETKİSİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 28 - 36, 29.06.2024

Emre Görgün

https://doi.org/10.46460/ijiea.1418641

Abstract

Sualtı kaynağı (SMAW) açık deniz yapılarının, sualtı boru hatlarının, su taşımacılığı altyapısının, rıhtımların ve liman ekipmanlarının onarımı için kritik bir tekniktir. Bu çalışmada, bir sualtı kaynak yöntemi olan metal ark kaynağı (SMAW) kullanılarak AH36 düşük karbonlu çelik kaynakların mekanik ve mikroyapısal özellikleri çeşitli kaynak akım şiddetleri ve deniz suyu sıcaklıklarında incelenmiştir. Deniz suyu sıcaklığı ve kaynak akımı parametrelerindeki değişimler arasındaki ilişki ve bunların kaynak koşulları ve deniz suyu bileşimindeki mevsimsel değişimler üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. İlk aşamada, AH36'nın akma dayanımı, deniz suyu sıcaklığı (9,7 °C ila 25,3 °C arasında değişen) ve kaynak akımı değeri (49A ila 90A arasında değişen) girdi parametreleri ile merkezi bir kompozit tasarım kullanılarak istatistiksel olarak modellenmiştir. Optimum koşullar belirlenmiş ve 17,5 °C deniz suyu sıcaklığı ve 69,5 A kaynak akımı değerinde 270 MPa akma dayanımı elde edilmiştir. İkinci aşamada, optimizasyon çalışmalarından elde edilen veriler deniz suyundaki Cr (R2=87,3), Ni (R2=64,45) ve Mn (R2=65,74) iyonları için element değişim denklemleri geliştirmek için kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, kaynak akım yoğunluğunun öncelikle deniz suyundaki Cr içeriğindeki değişiklikleri etkilediğini, deniz suyu sıcaklığının Ni içeriği ile ilişkili olduğunu ve hem akım yoğunluğunun hem de deniz suyu sıcaklığının Mn içeriğini etkilediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Kullanılan analitik teknikler arasında deniz suyu iyon analizi için İndüktif Eşleşmiş Plazma Kütle Spektrometrisi (ICP-MS), AH36'nın kimyasal bileşimini belirlemek için Enerji Dağılımlı Spektroskopi (EDS) nokta analizi ve mikroyapısal analiz için Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) bulunmaktadır.

Keywords

Yanıt yüzey yöntemi (RSM) A36 çelik levha çubuk metal ark kaynağı (SMAW) sualtı kaynak (UWW) kaynak akımı

References

  • Chen, H., Guo, N., Zhang, X., Cheng, Q., Zhou, L., & Wang, G. (2020). Effect of water flow on the microstructure, mechanical performance, and cracking susceptibility of underwater wet welded Q235 and E40 steel. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 277, 116435.
  • Chen, H., Guo, N., Shi, X., Du, Y., Feng, J., & Wang, G. (2018). Effect of water flow on the arc stability and metal transfer in underwater flux-cored wet welding. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 31, 103-115.
  • Klett, J., Hecht-Linowitzki, V., Grünzel, O., Schmidt, E., Maier, H. J., & Hassel, T. (2020). Effect of the water depth on the hydrogen content in SMAW wet welded joints. SN Applied Sciences, 2, 1-14.
  • Santos, V. R., Bracarense, A. Q., Pessoa, E. C. P., Marinho, R. R., Rizzo, F. C., Junior, R. C., & Monteiro, M. J. (2022). Development of oxyrutile low alloy ferritic electrode for wet welding. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 21, 1223-1247.
  • Santos, V. R., Bracarense, A. Q., Pessoa, E. C. P., Marinho, R. R., Rizzo, F. C., Nóbrega, A. F., ... & Rebello, J. M. A. (2021). Prediction of hydrogen cracking in the wet welding of structural steels with ferritic stick electrodes down to 20 m. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 15, 5787-5802.
  • Putri, E. D. W. S., Surojo, E., & Budiana, E. P. (2020). Current research and recommended development on fatigue behavior of underwater welded steel. Procedia Structural Integrity, 27, 54-61.
  • Wang, J., Sun, Q., Hou, S., Zhang, T., Jin, P., & Feng, J. (2019). Dynamic control of current and voltage waveforms and droplet transfer for ultrasonic-wave-assisted underwater wet welding. Materials & Design, 181, 108051.
  • Luna, L. E. R., Bracarense, A. Q., Pessoa, E. C. P., Costa, P. S., Guerrero, G. A., & Reyes, A. E. S. (2021). Effect of the welding angle on the porosity of underwater wet welds performed in overhead position at different simulated depths. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 294, 117114.
  • Wang, J., Sun, Q., Jiang, Y., Zhang, T., Ma, J., & Feng, J. (2018). Analysis and improvement of underwater wet welding process stability with static mechanical constraint support. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 34, 238-250.
  • Küçükömeroğlu, T., Aktarer, S. M., & Çam, G. (2019, September). Investigation of mechanical and microstructural properties of friction stir welded dual phase (DP) steel. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 629, No. 1, p. 012010). IOP Publishing.
  • Küçükömeroğlu, T., Aktarer, S. M., İpekoğlu, G., & Çam, G. (2018). Mechanical properties of friction stir welded St 37 and St 44 steel joints. Materials Testing, 60(12), 1163-1170.
  • Çam, G. (2005). Friction stir welding (FSW)-A novel welding technology developed for Al-Alloys. Mühendis ve Makina (Engineer and Machinery), 46(541), 30-39.
  • Ahmed, M. M., Seleman, M. M. E. S., Fydrych, D., & Gürel, Ç. A. M. (2023). Review on friction stir welding of dissimilar magnesium and aluminum alloys: Scientometric analysis and strategies for achieving high-quality joints. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys.
  • Khaliq, U. A., Muhamad, M. R., Yusof, F., Ibrahim, S., Isa, M. S. M., Chen, Z., & Çam, G. (2023). A review on friction stir butt welding of aluminum with magnesium: A new insight on joining mechanisms by interfacial enhancement. Journal of Materials Research and Technology.
  • Küçükömeroğlu, T., Aktarer, S. M., İpekoğlu, G., & Çam, G. (2018). Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction-stir welded St52 steel joints. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials, 25, 1457-1464.
  • Şenol, M., & Çam, G. (2023). Investigation into microstructures and properties of AISI 430 ferritic steel butt joints fabricated by GMAW. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 202, 104926.
  • Ezer, M. A., & Çam, G. (2022). A study on microstructure and mechanical performance of gas metal arc welded AISI 304 L joints. Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik, 53(9), 1043-1052.
  • Serindağ, H. T., & Çam, G. (2023). Characterizations of microstructure and properties of dissimilar AISI 316L/9Ni low-alloy cryogenic steel joints fabricated by gas tungsten arc welding. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 32(15), 7039-7049.
  • Serindağ, H. T., Tardu, C., Kirçiçek, İ. Ö., & Çam, G. (2022). A study on microstructural and mechanical properties of gas tungsten arc welded thick cryogenic 9% Ni alloy steel butt joint. CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology, 37, 1-10.
  • Serіndağ, H. T., & Çam, G. (2021, February). Microstructure and mechanical properties of gas metal arc welded AISI 430/AISI 304 dissimilar stainless steels butt joints. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1777, No. 1, p. 012047). IOP Publishing.
  • Shi, C., Cao, J., Han, S., Hu, K., Bian, L., & Yao, S. (2021). A review of polymetallic mineralization in lower Cambrian black shales in South China: Combined effects of seawater, hydrothermal fluids, and biological activity. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 561, 110073.
  • Balaram, V., Copia, L., Kumar, U. S., Miller, J., & Chidambaram, S. (2023). Pollution of water resources and application of ICP-MS techniques for monitoring and management–A comprehensive review. Geosystems and Geoenvironment, 100210.
  • Meng, X., Jin, X., Li, X., Chu, F., Zhu, J., Wang, Y., & Zhou, P. (2022). Subseafloor mineralization related to the shallow seawater-hydrothermal circulation system in the Longqi hydrothermal field, Southwest Indian Ridge (49.6 E): Evidence from in situ trace element and sulfur isotope compositions of pyrite varieties. Ore Geology Reviews, 145, 104914.
  • Soriano, E., Pastor, A., & de la Guardia, M. (2020). Multielemental determination of trace mineral elements in seawater by dynamic reaction cell inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry after Al (OH) 3 coprecipitation. Microchemical Journal, 157, 104864.
  • Dey, M., Ghosh, B., & Giri, T. K. (2020). Enhanced intestinal stability and pH sensitive release of quercetin in GIT through gellan gum hydrogels. Colloids and surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 196, 111341.
  • Wei, Y., Yuan, C., Xu, X., Chen, X., Ren, Z., Gui, X., ... & Cao, X. (2022). Colloid formation and facilitated chromium transport in the coastal area soil induced by freshwater and seawater alternating fluctuations. Water Research, 218, 118456.
  • Li, J., Chen, H., Liu, W., Ding, X., Zhong, R., & Yu, C. (2022). Copper mobilization via seawater-volcanic rock interactions: New experimental constraints for the formation of the iron oxide Cu-Au (IOCG) mineralization. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 330, 209-229.
  • Vashishtha, P., Wattal, R., Pandey, S., & Bhadauria, N. (2022). Problems encountered in underwater welding and remedies-a review. Materials Today: Proceedings, 64, 1433-1439.
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There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Environmental Pollution and Prevention, Optimization Techniques in Mechanical Engineering, Material Characterization
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Emre Görgün 0000-0002-1971-456X

Early Pub Date June 29, 2024
Publication Date June 29, 2024
Submission Date January 12, 2024
Acceptance Date April 19, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Görgün, E. (2024). INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF SMAW PARAMETERS ON PROPERTIES OF AH36 JOINTS AND THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SEAWATER. International Journal of Innovative Engineering Applications, 8(1), 28-36. https://doi.org/10.46460/ijiea.1418641
AMA Görgün E. INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF SMAW PARAMETERS ON PROPERTIES OF AH36 JOINTS AND THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SEAWATER. IJIEA. June 2024;8(1):28-36. doi:10.46460/ijiea.1418641
Chicago Görgün, Emre. “INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF SMAW PARAMETERS ON PROPERTIES OF AH36 JOINTS AND THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SEAWATER”. International Journal of Innovative Engineering Applications 8, no. 1 (June 2024): 28-36. https://doi.org/10.46460/ijiea.1418641.
EndNote Görgün E (June 1, 2024) INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF SMAW PARAMETERS ON PROPERTIES OF AH36 JOINTS AND THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SEAWATER. International Journal of Innovative Engineering Applications 8 1 28–36.
IEEE E. Görgün, “INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF SMAW PARAMETERS ON PROPERTIES OF AH36 JOINTS AND THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SEAWATER”, IJIEA, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 28–36, 2024, doi: 10.46460/ijiea.1418641.
ISNAD Görgün, Emre. “INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF SMAW PARAMETERS ON PROPERTIES OF AH36 JOINTS AND THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SEAWATER”. International Journal of Innovative Engineering Applications 8/1 (June 2024), 28-36. https://doi.org/10.46460/ijiea.1418641.
JAMA Görgün E. INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF SMAW PARAMETERS ON PROPERTIES OF AH36 JOINTS AND THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SEAWATER. IJIEA. 2024;8:28–36.
MLA Görgün, Emre. “INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF SMAW PARAMETERS ON PROPERTIES OF AH36 JOINTS AND THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SEAWATER”. International Journal of Innovative Engineering Applications, vol. 8, no. 1, 2024, pp. 28-36, doi:10.46460/ijiea.1418641.
Vancouver Görgün E. INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF SMAW PARAMETERS ON PROPERTIES OF AH36 JOINTS AND THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SEAWATER. IJIEA. 2024;8(1):28-36.
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