Research Article

Two Moralists Against Capitalism: Polanyi and Topçu

Volume: 12 Number: 1 February 1, 2026
EN TR

Two Moralists Against Capitalism: Polanyi and Topçu

Abstract

This study brings together the critical perspectives of two significant thinkers who share common concerns regarding the social and moral problems created by modern capitalism. Karl Polanyi and Nurettin Topçu developed similar critiques of the structure of industrial capitalism, which commodifies human beings, weakens social bonds, and undermines spiritual values. The study demonstrates that although Polanyi and Topçu operated from different cultural and historical contexts, they developed similar critical approaches to the problems caused by industrial capitalism. Indeed, industrial capitalism is not merely a system of material aspects. It is a system with profound cultural and political dimensions that directly affect human daily life. Both Polanyi and Topçu, disturbed by this modern capitalist way of life, interpreted the process as one of alienation. For Polanyi, this alienation is the loss of the essential nature of human beings, labor, and land. For Topçu, the alienation brought about by industrial capitalism is characterized by a lack of conscience, enslavement to the machine, and estrangement from nature. It is the silencing of nature by the screams of machinery and the inability to hear the voice of the heart. Therefore, both thinkers argued that, in opposition to the mechanical operation of capitalism, which commodifies humans, social life must be reorganized around spiritual values. While Polanyi emphasized the "self-protective reflex of society" within the axis of Christian socialism, Topçu developed the concept of "spiritualist socialism" by drawing from the Turkish-Islamic tradition. Although influenced by the intellectual currents of their time, it appears that both thinkers ultimately agreed that economic systems must be grounded in an order that preserves human dignity and is shaped by moral responsibility.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Economic Theory (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Early Pub Date

October 27, 2025

Publication Date

February 1, 2026

Submission Date

August 14, 2025

Acceptance Date

October 20, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 1970 Volume: 12 Number: 1

APA
Çalışkan, M., & Levent, A. (2026). Kapitalizme Karşı İki Moralist: Polanyi ve Topçu. Uluslararası İslam Ekonomisi Ve Finansı Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.54427/ijisef.1765015

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