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Türkiye’de Potansiyel Zekât Geliri ve Zekâtın Yoksulluğu Önleyici Rolü

Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 163 - 182, 31.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.25272/ijisef.933678

Abstract

Zekâtın yoksulluğu azalttığı hakkında geniş bir literatür oluşmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de, kademeli olarak nüfusun en zengin %20’sinin, %40’ının ve %60’ının gelirinin %2,5’i oranında elde edilen zekât gelirinin yoksullara transfer edilmesi halinde, gelir dağılımı ve yoksulluk göstergelerinde meydana gelen kademli değişim araştırılmıştır. Yapılan hesaplamaya göre, zenginlerin gelirinden alınan zekât, onların gelirini sadece %2,5 oranında azaltırken, yoksulların gelirini çok daha büyük oranda artırmıştır. Sadece nüfusun en zengin %20’sinin gelirinin %2,5’i oranındaki zekât gelirinin yoksullara transfer edilmesi halinde dahi, yoksulluk sınırının medyan gelirin %40’ı, %50’si ve günlük 5,5 $ olarak tanımlanan yoksulluk türleri ortadan kalkmaktadır. Nüfusun en zengin %40’ının ve %60’ının gelirinin %2,5’i oranındaki zekât gelirinin yoksullara transfer edilmesi halinde ise bu konuda çok daha fazlası başarılabilmektedir.

References

  • AA (2019). Türkiye'nin zekât potansiyeli 55 milyar dolar. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/turkiyenin-zekât-potansiyeli-55-milyardolar/1488949, (Erişim: 9.2.2021).
  • Ahmed, H. (2004). Role of Zakah and Awqaf in Poverty Alleviation. Jeddah: Islamic Development Bank, Islamic Research and Training Institute.
  • Arif, M. (2017). Zakat as a Mode of Poverty Alleviation. International Journal of Economics & Management Sciences, 6(6): 1-6
  • BAZNAS (2019). Indonesia Zakat Outlook 2019. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1tNlFdA0UYJmrVV-QHWNi2NesfHD_9HET/view (Erişim: 5.5.2021).
  • Beik, I. S. (2016). Zakat Development Report 2015: The Case of Indonesia. Indonesia Islamic Finance Report: Prospects for Exponential Growth. Jeddah: Islamic Research and Training Institute. (https://ceif.iba.edu.pk/pdf/ThomsonReutersIndonesiaIslamicFinanceReportProspectsforExponentialGrowth.pdf, Erişim: 12.11.2019).
  • Countryeconomy (2021a). https://countryeconomy.com/gdp/malaysia (Erişim: 1.5.2021).
  • Countryeconomy (2021b). https://countryeconomy.com/gdp/indonesia?year=2017 (Erişim: 1.5.2021).
  • Demir, O. ve Yayar. R (2020), Ekonomik Göstergeler ve Yorumları, 2. Baskı, Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • DHA (2018). Türkiye'nin zekât potansiyeli 50 milyar dolar. https://www.dha.com.tr/ekonomi/turkiyenin-zekât-potansiyeli-50-milyardolar/haber-1616639, (Erişim: 9.2.2021).
  • Embong, M. R., Taha, R., ve Nor, M. N. M. (2013). Role of Zakat to Eradicate Poverty in Malaysia. Jurnal Pengurusan, 39(2013): 141-150.
  • Erkal, M. (t.y.). “Zekât”, İlmihal, Cilt 1. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, İslam Araştırmaları Merkezi Yayını.
  • Foster, James E. (1998), “Absulate versus Relative Poverty”, The American Economic Review, Vol. 88, No. 2, Papers and Proceedings of the Hundred and Tenth Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association, (May, 1998), pp. 335-341.
  • Gümüş, N., Yardımcıoğlu, F., ve Altıntaş, N. (2019). The Role of Zakat Potential in Reducing Poverty in Turkey. Uluslararası İslam Ekonomisi ve Finansı Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2): 90-110.
  • Hazine ve Maliye Bakanlığı (2020). Kamu Borç Yönetimi Raporu. https://ms.hmb.gov.tr/uploads/2020/07/Kamu_Borc_Yonetimi_Raporu_Ocak_2020.pdf, (Erişim:9.2.2021).
  • Hossain, M. Z. (2012). Zakat in Islam: A Powerful Poverty Alleviating Instrument for Islamic Countries. International Journal of Economic Development Research and Investment, 3(1): 1-11.
  • Ibrahim, P. (2006). Economic role of Zakat in reducing income inequality and poverty in Selangor (Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Putra Malaysia).
  • Kahf, M. (1989). Zakat: Unresolved Issues in The Contemporary Fiqh. IIUM Journal of Economics and Management, 2(1): 1-22.
  • Kasri, R . (2017). Determinants of Poverty amongst Zakah Recipients in Indonesia: A Household Level Analysis . International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance Studies, 3 (3): 30-40.
  • Özek, A., Hamitoğulları, B., Sınav, T., Bayrakdar, M., Adalı, S., Ensari, S. ve Bulaç, A. (1987). Türkiye’de Zekât Potansiyeli. İstanbul: İslâmî İlimler Araştırma Vakfı Yayınları.
  • PPZ (2017). Laporan Zakat 2017, https://drive.google.com/file/d/1bgF5TGIHjLxz-edHTujIL9kZvlj4gi10/view (Erişim: 28.4.2021).
  • Shaikh, S. A. (2016). Zakat Collectible in OIC Countries for Poverty Alleviation: A Primer on Empirical Estimation. International Journal of Zakat, 1(1): 17-35.
  • Shirazi, N. S. (2014). Integrating Zakat and Waqf into the Poverty Reduction Strategy of the IDB Member Countries. Islamic Economic Studies, 130(1155): 1-30.
  • Shirazi, N. S., Amin, F. B. (2009). Poverty Elimination Through Potential Zakat Collection in the OIC-member Countries: Revisited. Pakistan Development Review, 48(4 ): 739-754
  • Statista (2021a). https://www.statista.com/statistics/863826/malaysia-exchange-rate-between-ringgit-and-us-dollar/ (Erişim: 1.5.2021).
  • Statista (2021b). https://www.statista.com/statistics/995840/indonesia-exchange-rate-between-rupiahs-and-us-dollar/ (Erişim: 1.5.2021).
  • Tabakoğlu, A. ve Turan, M. (2017). Türkiye’de Zekât Potansiyelinin Yeniden Tespiti. Tarihte ve Günümüzde Zekât Uygulamaları (ss. 899-936). İstanbul: Ensar Neşriyat.
  • TCMB (2021). https://evds2.tcmb.gov.tr/index.php?/evds/serieMarket/#collapse_2 (Erişim: 19.2.2021).
  • TÜİK (2020a). Yoksulluk İstatistikleri. https://tuikweb.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1013, (Erişim: 9.2.2021).
  • TÜİK (2020b). Gelir Dağılımı ve Yaşam Koşulları İstatistikleri. https://tuikweb.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1011, (Erişim: 9.2.2021).
  • UNHCR (2019). Refugees: The Most In Need Of Zakat Funds Unhcr Zakat Program: 2019 Launch Report. (https://zakat.unhcr.org/wpcontent/uploads/2019/04/UNHCR-Annual-Zakat-Report-2019-En.pdf, Erişim: 22.2.2020).
  • World Bank (2021). https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/september-2020-global-poverty-update-world-bank-new-annual-poverty-estimates-using-revised (Erişim: 19.2.2021).
  • Yılmaz, S., Sağın, R. A. A., ve Yapar, R. A. M. (2017). Analysis of the Relation Between Poverty and Zakat in Turkey. International Congress of Islamic Economy, Finance and Ethics Proceedings Book. İstanbul.
  • Zaim, S. (1993). Zekâtın İktisadi Önemi. Maliye Araştırma Merkezi Konferansları. (35): 47-50. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi.
  • Zaim, S. (t.y.). İslam Ekonomisinin Temelleri, İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi Yayın No: 6.

Potential Zakat Income and the Poverty Prevention Role of Zakat in Turkey

Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 163 - 182, 31.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.25272/ijisef.933678

Abstract

There has been a large literature on the fact that zakat reduces poverty. In this study, it was investigated that how change the income distribution and poverty, if the rate of 2,5% zakat income will be gradually obtained from the income of the richest 20%, 40% and 60% of the population and transferred to the poor, in Turkey. According to the calculation, while zakat taken from the income of the rich decreased their income only 2,5%, it increased the income of the poor much more. Even if only 2,5% of the income of the richest 20% of the population is transferred to the poor, kinds of the poverty like the poverty line defined as 40% and 50% of the median income and $ 5,5 per day were disappeared. If the amount of 2,5% zakat income will be gradually obtained of the richest 40% and 60% of the population and transferred to the poor, it much more can be achieved in this subject.

References

  • AA (2019). Türkiye'nin zekât potansiyeli 55 milyar dolar. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/turkiyenin-zekât-potansiyeli-55-milyardolar/1488949, (Erişim: 9.2.2021).
  • Ahmed, H. (2004). Role of Zakah and Awqaf in Poverty Alleviation. Jeddah: Islamic Development Bank, Islamic Research and Training Institute.
  • Arif, M. (2017). Zakat as a Mode of Poverty Alleviation. International Journal of Economics & Management Sciences, 6(6): 1-6
  • BAZNAS (2019). Indonesia Zakat Outlook 2019. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1tNlFdA0UYJmrVV-QHWNi2NesfHD_9HET/view (Erişim: 5.5.2021).
  • Beik, I. S. (2016). Zakat Development Report 2015: The Case of Indonesia. Indonesia Islamic Finance Report: Prospects for Exponential Growth. Jeddah: Islamic Research and Training Institute. (https://ceif.iba.edu.pk/pdf/ThomsonReutersIndonesiaIslamicFinanceReportProspectsforExponentialGrowth.pdf, Erişim: 12.11.2019).
  • Countryeconomy (2021a). https://countryeconomy.com/gdp/malaysia (Erişim: 1.5.2021).
  • Countryeconomy (2021b). https://countryeconomy.com/gdp/indonesia?year=2017 (Erişim: 1.5.2021).
  • Demir, O. ve Yayar. R (2020), Ekonomik Göstergeler ve Yorumları, 2. Baskı, Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • DHA (2018). Türkiye'nin zekât potansiyeli 50 milyar dolar. https://www.dha.com.tr/ekonomi/turkiyenin-zekât-potansiyeli-50-milyardolar/haber-1616639, (Erişim: 9.2.2021).
  • Embong, M. R., Taha, R., ve Nor, M. N. M. (2013). Role of Zakat to Eradicate Poverty in Malaysia. Jurnal Pengurusan, 39(2013): 141-150.
  • Erkal, M. (t.y.). “Zekât”, İlmihal, Cilt 1. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, İslam Araştırmaları Merkezi Yayını.
  • Foster, James E. (1998), “Absulate versus Relative Poverty”, The American Economic Review, Vol. 88, No. 2, Papers and Proceedings of the Hundred and Tenth Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association, (May, 1998), pp. 335-341.
  • Gümüş, N., Yardımcıoğlu, F., ve Altıntaş, N. (2019). The Role of Zakat Potential in Reducing Poverty in Turkey. Uluslararası İslam Ekonomisi ve Finansı Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2): 90-110.
  • Hazine ve Maliye Bakanlığı (2020). Kamu Borç Yönetimi Raporu. https://ms.hmb.gov.tr/uploads/2020/07/Kamu_Borc_Yonetimi_Raporu_Ocak_2020.pdf, (Erişim:9.2.2021).
  • Hossain, M. Z. (2012). Zakat in Islam: A Powerful Poverty Alleviating Instrument for Islamic Countries. International Journal of Economic Development Research and Investment, 3(1): 1-11.
  • Ibrahim, P. (2006). Economic role of Zakat in reducing income inequality and poverty in Selangor (Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Putra Malaysia).
  • Kahf, M. (1989). Zakat: Unresolved Issues in The Contemporary Fiqh. IIUM Journal of Economics and Management, 2(1): 1-22.
  • Kasri, R . (2017). Determinants of Poverty amongst Zakah Recipients in Indonesia: A Household Level Analysis . International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance Studies, 3 (3): 30-40.
  • Özek, A., Hamitoğulları, B., Sınav, T., Bayrakdar, M., Adalı, S., Ensari, S. ve Bulaç, A. (1987). Türkiye’de Zekât Potansiyeli. İstanbul: İslâmî İlimler Araştırma Vakfı Yayınları.
  • PPZ (2017). Laporan Zakat 2017, https://drive.google.com/file/d/1bgF5TGIHjLxz-edHTujIL9kZvlj4gi10/view (Erişim: 28.4.2021).
  • Shaikh, S. A. (2016). Zakat Collectible in OIC Countries for Poverty Alleviation: A Primer on Empirical Estimation. International Journal of Zakat, 1(1): 17-35.
  • Shirazi, N. S. (2014). Integrating Zakat and Waqf into the Poverty Reduction Strategy of the IDB Member Countries. Islamic Economic Studies, 130(1155): 1-30.
  • Shirazi, N. S., Amin, F. B. (2009). Poverty Elimination Through Potential Zakat Collection in the OIC-member Countries: Revisited. Pakistan Development Review, 48(4 ): 739-754
  • Statista (2021a). https://www.statista.com/statistics/863826/malaysia-exchange-rate-between-ringgit-and-us-dollar/ (Erişim: 1.5.2021).
  • Statista (2021b). https://www.statista.com/statistics/995840/indonesia-exchange-rate-between-rupiahs-and-us-dollar/ (Erişim: 1.5.2021).
  • Tabakoğlu, A. ve Turan, M. (2017). Türkiye’de Zekât Potansiyelinin Yeniden Tespiti. Tarihte ve Günümüzde Zekât Uygulamaları (ss. 899-936). İstanbul: Ensar Neşriyat.
  • TCMB (2021). https://evds2.tcmb.gov.tr/index.php?/evds/serieMarket/#collapse_2 (Erişim: 19.2.2021).
  • TÜİK (2020a). Yoksulluk İstatistikleri. https://tuikweb.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1013, (Erişim: 9.2.2021).
  • TÜİK (2020b). Gelir Dağılımı ve Yaşam Koşulları İstatistikleri. https://tuikweb.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1011, (Erişim: 9.2.2021).
  • UNHCR (2019). Refugees: The Most In Need Of Zakat Funds Unhcr Zakat Program: 2019 Launch Report. (https://zakat.unhcr.org/wpcontent/uploads/2019/04/UNHCR-Annual-Zakat-Report-2019-En.pdf, Erişim: 22.2.2020).
  • World Bank (2021). https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/september-2020-global-poverty-update-world-bank-new-annual-poverty-estimates-using-revised (Erişim: 19.2.2021).
  • Yılmaz, S., Sağın, R. A. A., ve Yapar, R. A. M. (2017). Analysis of the Relation Between Poverty and Zakat in Turkey. International Congress of Islamic Economy, Finance and Ethics Proceedings Book. İstanbul.
  • Zaim, S. (1993). Zekâtın İktisadi Önemi. Maliye Araştırma Merkezi Konferansları. (35): 47-50. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi.
  • Zaim, S. (t.y.). İslam Ekonomisinin Temelleri, İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi Yayın No: 6.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Osman Demir 0000-0003-3805-7822

Hüseyin Cevahir 0000-0002-4112-5091

Publication Date July 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Demir, O., & Cevahir, H. (2021). Türkiye’de Potansiyel Zekât Geliri ve Zekâtın Yoksulluğu Önleyici Rolü. International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance Studies, 7(2), 163-182. https://doi.org/10.25272/ijisef.933678

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