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School Administrators’ Attitudes toward Inclusion of Children with Disabilities In the General Education Classrooms

Year 2017, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 1 - 12, 01.06.2017

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to find out school administrators’ attitudes and the possible factors that might have influenced their attitudes toward the inclusion of students with disabilities in the regular education classrooms. A customized questionnaire entitled the Principals’ Attitudes Toward Inclusive Education (PATIE) scale was used for the data collection. The study included 232 school administrators; principals and assistant principals from the public elementary and middle schools in Sakarya Province. The results of this study showed the overall attitude of the school administrators was significantly positive, and their attitude toward inclusion of children with disabilities in general schools were influenced by several independent variables; training related to special education, job position and the years of teaching experience in general schools. However, since the participants were limited in terms of teaching experience and training in special education and inclusive practices, this study emphasizes on the professional development through ongoing training related to the special education. This is due to the fact that ongoing training is one of the greatest factors in the formation of favourable attitudes among the school administrators toward inclusive education; and considered as a way of overcoming their lack of confidence while working with the children with disabilities.

References

  • Avramidis, E., & Norwich, B. (2002). Teachers' Attitudes Towards Integration/Inclusion: A Review of the Literature. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 17 (2), 129-147.
  • Aydin, A., & Kuzu, S. (2013). Teacher Candidates' Attitudes Towards Inclusion Education and Comparison of Self-Compassion Levels. Online Submission, 3(6), 470-479.
  • Bailey, J., & Du Plessis, D. (1997). Understanding Principals' Attitudes Towards Inclusive Schooling. Journal of educational administration, 35(5), 428-438.
  • Bailey, J. (2004). The Validation of a Scale to Measure School Principals' Attitudes Toward the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in Regular Schools. Australian Psychologist, 39(1), 76-87.
  • Ball, K., & Green, R. L. (2014). An Investigation of the Attitudes of School Leaders tToward the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in the General Education Setting. National Forum of Applied Educational Research Journal (Vol. 27).
  • Bateman, D. F., & Bateman, C. F. (2014). A principal's Guide to Special Education. Arlington. A Council for Exceptional Children.
  • Brown, L. A. (2007). Attitudes of Administrators Toward Inclusion of Students with Disabilities (Mississippi State University, Mississippi).ProQuest
  • Chandler, T. L. (2015). School Principal Attitudes Toward the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities (Doctoral dissertation, Walden University, Minneapolis)
  • Choi, J. O. (2008). Attitudes and Perceptions of South Korean Elementary School Principals Toward the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities. ProQuest.
  • Ciyer, A. (2010). Developing Inclusive Education Policies and Practices in Turkey: A Study of the Roles of UNESCO and Local Educators (Doctoral dissertation, Arizona State University, Arizona ).
  • Dapudong, R. C. (2013). Knowledge and Attitude Towards Inclusive Education of Children with Learning Disabilities: The case of Thai Primary School Teachers. Academic Research International, 4 (4), 496.
  • Emam, M. M., & Mohamed, A. . . (2011). Preschool And Primary School Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Inclusive Education in Egypt: The Role of Experience and Self-Efficacy. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 976-985.
  • Farris, T. K. (2011). Texas High School Principals' Attitudes Toward the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in the General Education Classroom (Doctoral dissertation, University of North Texas, Texas)
  • Gable, R. K., & Wolf, M. B. (2012). Instrument Development in the Affective Domain: Measuring Attitudes and Values in Corporate and School Settings (Vol. 36). Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Galano, J. A. (2012). Urban Elementary School Principals’' Attitudes Towards the Inclusive Environment (Doctoral dissertation, Seton Hall University, New Jersey)
  • Goley, B. W. (2013). Are School Administrators' and Teachers' Attitudes Towards Inclusion Influenced by the Change Process? (University of Louisvill)
  • Gous, J. G., Eloff, I., & Moen, M. C. (2014). How Inclusive Education is Understood by Principals of Independent Schools. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 18(5), 535-552.
  • Hack, A. J. (2014). Pennsylvania Middle School Principals' Attitudes Toward the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in the Regular Education Classroom (Doctoral dissertation, Wilkes University)
  • ofman, R. ., & Kilimo, J. S. (201 ). Teachers’ Attitudes and Self-Efficacy Towards Inclusion of Pupils with Disabilities in Tanzanian Schools. Journal of Education and Training, 1(2), 177-198.
  • orrocks, J. L., White, G., & Roberts, L. (2008). Principals’ Attitudes Regarding Inclusion of Children with Autism in Pennsylvania Public Schools. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 38(8), 1462-1473.
  • Hwang, Y. S., & Evans, D. (2011). Attitudes Towards Inclusion: Gaps Between Belief and Practice. International Journal of Special Education, 26(1), 136-146.
  • Ira, N. (2015). Assessing the School Principals Applying Inclusive Education. Anthropologist, 19(1), 55-64.
  • Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research Activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610.
  • Melekoglu, M. A., Cakiroglu, O., & Malmgren, K. W. (2009). Special Education in Turkey. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 13(3), 287-298.
  • Ministry of National Education (2011). A guide Book for School Principals, Teachers and Parents: Mainstreaming Education at our Schools. General Directorate of Special Education Guidance and Counselling Services. Ankara. Retrieved from: http://orgm.meb.gov.tr/altsayfalar/yayimlar/kaynaştirma EN.pdf
  • Muega, M. A. G. (2016). Inclusive Education in the Philippines: Through the Eyes of Teachers, Administrators, and Parents of Children with Special Needs. Social Science Diliman, 12(1).
  • Praisner, C. L. (2000). Attitudes of Elementary School Principals Toward the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in General Education Classes (Doctoral dissertation, Lehigh University, Pennsylvania).
  • Praisner, C. L. (2003). Attitudes of Elementary School Principals Toward the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities. Exceptional children, 69 (2), 135-145.
  • Rakap, S., & Kaczmarek, L. (2010). Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Inclusion in Turkey. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 25(1), 59-75.
  • Ramirez, R. C. (2006). Elementary Principals' Attitudes Towards the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities In The General Education Setting (Doctoral dissertation, Baylor University, Texas).
  • Santoli, S. P., Sachs, J., Romey, E. A., & McClurg, S. (2008). A Successful Formula for Middle School Inclusion: Collaboration, Time, and Administrative Support. RMLE Online, 32(2), 1-13.
  • Sari, H. (2013). The Influence of an In-Service Teacher Training (INSET) Programme on Attitudes Towards Inclusion by Regular Classroom Teachers who Teach Deaf Students in Primary Schools in Turkey. Deafness & Education International 9(3), 131-146.
  • Sari, ., Celikoz, N., & Seçer, Z. (2009). An Analysis of Pre-School Teachers' and Student Teachers' Attitudes to Inclusion and their Self-Efficacy. International Journal of Special Education, 24(3), 29-44.
  • Sakız, ., & Woods, C. (2015). Achieving Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in Turkey: Current Challenges and Future Prospects. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 19(1), 21-35.
  • Seçer, Z., Çeliköz, N., Sarı, ., Çetin, Ş., & Büyüktaşkapu, S. (2010). Okul Öncesi Eğitim Kurumlarında Çalışan Öğretmenlerin Kaynaştırma Eğitimine Yönelik Tutumları (Konya ili Örneği). Selçuk Üniversitesi Ahmet Keleşoğlu Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 29, 393-406.
  • Sharma, U., & Chow, E. W. (2008). The Attitudes of Hong Kong Primary School Principals Toward Integrated Education. Asia Pacific Education Review, 9(3), 380-391.
  • Smith, C. W. (2011). Attitudes of Secondary School Principals Toward Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in General Education Classes (Doctoral dissertation, Georgia Southern University, Georgia).
  • Steinke, K. K. (2010). Examining the Beliefs and Practices of Effective School Leaders as they Relate to Serving Students with Disabilities (Doctoral dissertation, University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida).
  • Usman, F. (2011). Principals Attitudes Toward Inclusion in Dubai Public Schools: Where Do They Stand? (Master’s Thesis, Loyola University Chicago,Illinois)
  • Vazquez, M. F. (2010). Inclusionary Practices: Impact of Administrators’ beliefs on Placement Decisions (Doctoral dissertation, University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida).
  • Waldron, N. L., McLeskey, J., & Redd, L. (2011). Setting the Direction: The Role of the Principal in Developing an Effective Inclusive School. Journal of Special Education Leadership, 24(2), 51-60.
  • Weller, L. G. (2012). Principals’attitudes Toward Inclusion: Including Students with Autism In Elementary Classrooms (Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University of Pennsylvania).
  • Workman, A. M. (2016). The Attitudes of School Principals Toward the Inclusion of Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder in General Education Setting: (Doctoral dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,Virginia)
  • Yuen, M., & Westwood, P. (2001). Integrating students with special needs in Hong Kong secondary schools: teachers' attitudes and their possible relationship to guidance training. International journal of special education, 16(2), 69-84.
Year 2017, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 1 - 12, 01.06.2017

Abstract

References

  • Avramidis, E., & Norwich, B. (2002). Teachers' Attitudes Towards Integration/Inclusion: A Review of the Literature. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 17 (2), 129-147.
  • Aydin, A., & Kuzu, S. (2013). Teacher Candidates' Attitudes Towards Inclusion Education and Comparison of Self-Compassion Levels. Online Submission, 3(6), 470-479.
  • Bailey, J., & Du Plessis, D. (1997). Understanding Principals' Attitudes Towards Inclusive Schooling. Journal of educational administration, 35(5), 428-438.
  • Bailey, J. (2004). The Validation of a Scale to Measure School Principals' Attitudes Toward the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in Regular Schools. Australian Psychologist, 39(1), 76-87.
  • Ball, K., & Green, R. L. (2014). An Investigation of the Attitudes of School Leaders tToward the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in the General Education Setting. National Forum of Applied Educational Research Journal (Vol. 27).
  • Bateman, D. F., & Bateman, C. F. (2014). A principal's Guide to Special Education. Arlington. A Council for Exceptional Children.
  • Brown, L. A. (2007). Attitudes of Administrators Toward Inclusion of Students with Disabilities (Mississippi State University, Mississippi).ProQuest
  • Chandler, T. L. (2015). School Principal Attitudes Toward the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities (Doctoral dissertation, Walden University, Minneapolis)
  • Choi, J. O. (2008). Attitudes and Perceptions of South Korean Elementary School Principals Toward the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities. ProQuest.
  • Ciyer, A. (2010). Developing Inclusive Education Policies and Practices in Turkey: A Study of the Roles of UNESCO and Local Educators (Doctoral dissertation, Arizona State University, Arizona ).
  • Dapudong, R. C. (2013). Knowledge and Attitude Towards Inclusive Education of Children with Learning Disabilities: The case of Thai Primary School Teachers. Academic Research International, 4 (4), 496.
  • Emam, M. M., & Mohamed, A. . . (2011). Preschool And Primary School Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Inclusive Education in Egypt: The Role of Experience and Self-Efficacy. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 976-985.
  • Farris, T. K. (2011). Texas High School Principals' Attitudes Toward the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in the General Education Classroom (Doctoral dissertation, University of North Texas, Texas)
  • Gable, R. K., & Wolf, M. B. (2012). Instrument Development in the Affective Domain: Measuring Attitudes and Values in Corporate and School Settings (Vol. 36). Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Galano, J. A. (2012). Urban Elementary School Principals’' Attitudes Towards the Inclusive Environment (Doctoral dissertation, Seton Hall University, New Jersey)
  • Goley, B. W. (2013). Are School Administrators' and Teachers' Attitudes Towards Inclusion Influenced by the Change Process? (University of Louisvill)
  • Gous, J. G., Eloff, I., & Moen, M. C. (2014). How Inclusive Education is Understood by Principals of Independent Schools. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 18(5), 535-552.
  • Hack, A. J. (2014). Pennsylvania Middle School Principals' Attitudes Toward the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in the Regular Education Classroom (Doctoral dissertation, Wilkes University)
  • ofman, R. ., & Kilimo, J. S. (201 ). Teachers’ Attitudes and Self-Efficacy Towards Inclusion of Pupils with Disabilities in Tanzanian Schools. Journal of Education and Training, 1(2), 177-198.
  • orrocks, J. L., White, G., & Roberts, L. (2008). Principals’ Attitudes Regarding Inclusion of Children with Autism in Pennsylvania Public Schools. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 38(8), 1462-1473.
  • Hwang, Y. S., & Evans, D. (2011). Attitudes Towards Inclusion: Gaps Between Belief and Practice. International Journal of Special Education, 26(1), 136-146.
  • Ira, N. (2015). Assessing the School Principals Applying Inclusive Education. Anthropologist, 19(1), 55-64.
  • Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research Activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610.
  • Melekoglu, M. A., Cakiroglu, O., & Malmgren, K. W. (2009). Special Education in Turkey. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 13(3), 287-298.
  • Ministry of National Education (2011). A guide Book for School Principals, Teachers and Parents: Mainstreaming Education at our Schools. General Directorate of Special Education Guidance and Counselling Services. Ankara. Retrieved from: http://orgm.meb.gov.tr/altsayfalar/yayimlar/kaynaştirma EN.pdf
  • Muega, M. A. G. (2016). Inclusive Education in the Philippines: Through the Eyes of Teachers, Administrators, and Parents of Children with Special Needs. Social Science Diliman, 12(1).
  • Praisner, C. L. (2000). Attitudes of Elementary School Principals Toward the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in General Education Classes (Doctoral dissertation, Lehigh University, Pennsylvania).
  • Praisner, C. L. (2003). Attitudes of Elementary School Principals Toward the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities. Exceptional children, 69 (2), 135-145.
  • Rakap, S., & Kaczmarek, L. (2010). Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Inclusion in Turkey. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 25(1), 59-75.
  • Ramirez, R. C. (2006). Elementary Principals' Attitudes Towards the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities In The General Education Setting (Doctoral dissertation, Baylor University, Texas).
  • Santoli, S. P., Sachs, J., Romey, E. A., & McClurg, S. (2008). A Successful Formula for Middle School Inclusion: Collaboration, Time, and Administrative Support. RMLE Online, 32(2), 1-13.
  • Sari, H. (2013). The Influence of an In-Service Teacher Training (INSET) Programme on Attitudes Towards Inclusion by Regular Classroom Teachers who Teach Deaf Students in Primary Schools in Turkey. Deafness & Education International 9(3), 131-146.
  • Sari, ., Celikoz, N., & Seçer, Z. (2009). An Analysis of Pre-School Teachers' and Student Teachers' Attitudes to Inclusion and their Self-Efficacy. International Journal of Special Education, 24(3), 29-44.
  • Sakız, ., & Woods, C. (2015). Achieving Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in Turkey: Current Challenges and Future Prospects. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 19(1), 21-35.
  • Seçer, Z., Çeliköz, N., Sarı, ., Çetin, Ş., & Büyüktaşkapu, S. (2010). Okul Öncesi Eğitim Kurumlarında Çalışan Öğretmenlerin Kaynaştırma Eğitimine Yönelik Tutumları (Konya ili Örneği). Selçuk Üniversitesi Ahmet Keleşoğlu Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 29, 393-406.
  • Sharma, U., & Chow, E. W. (2008). The Attitudes of Hong Kong Primary School Principals Toward Integrated Education. Asia Pacific Education Review, 9(3), 380-391.
  • Smith, C. W. (2011). Attitudes of Secondary School Principals Toward Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in General Education Classes (Doctoral dissertation, Georgia Southern University, Georgia).
  • Steinke, K. K. (2010). Examining the Beliefs and Practices of Effective School Leaders as they Relate to Serving Students with Disabilities (Doctoral dissertation, University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida).
  • Usman, F. (2011). Principals Attitudes Toward Inclusion in Dubai Public Schools: Where Do They Stand? (Master’s Thesis, Loyola University Chicago,Illinois)
  • Vazquez, M. F. (2010). Inclusionary Practices: Impact of Administrators’ beliefs on Placement Decisions (Doctoral dissertation, University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida).
  • Waldron, N. L., McLeskey, J., & Redd, L. (2011). Setting the Direction: The Role of the Principal in Developing an Effective Inclusive School. Journal of Special Education Leadership, 24(2), 51-60.
  • Weller, L. G. (2012). Principals’attitudes Toward Inclusion: Including Students with Autism In Elementary Classrooms (Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University of Pennsylvania).
  • Workman, A. M. (2016). The Attitudes of School Principals Toward the Inclusion of Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder in General Education Setting: (Doctoral dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,Virginia)
  • Yuen, M., & Westwood, P. (2001). Integrating students with special needs in Hong Kong secondary schools: teachers' attitudes and their possible relationship to guidance training. International journal of special education, 16(2), 69-84.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA74SH58SZ
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Osman Titrek This is me

Mustafa Bayrakçı This is me

Hamadi Fadhil Nguluma This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2017
Submission Date June 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Titrek, O., Bayrakçı, M., & Nguluma, H. F. (2017). School Administrators’ Attitudes toward Inclusion of Children with Disabilities In the General Education Classrooms. International Journal on Lifelong Education and Leadership, 3(2), 1-12.