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Impacts of the Global Reports on Adult Learning and Education (GRALE) on Adult Education Policies

Year 2025, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 25 - 41, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.25233/ijlel.1626642

Abstract

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Institute for Lifelong Learning has been publishing the Global Report on Adult Learning and Education (GRALE) every three years since 2009. These reports provide comprehensive analyses of adult education policies, governance, budget allocation, participation, and quality across United Nations member states, offering a global perspective on adult learning and education. In this study, all GRALE reports published to date were examined, their content analyzed, and their reflections on adult learning and education policies in Turkey were evaluated. The findings indicate that the GRALE reports are significant as they present a comprehensive overview of adult learning and education on a global scale and encourage the development of policies and institutional frameworks in the field of adult education. However, the lack of standardized policies on lifelong learning and adult education among countries reduces the validity and reliability of the evaluations presented in the GRALE reports. The issues addressed in the reports are also found to be prevalent in adult learning and education efforts in Turkey, with the persistent problem of inequalities in education for women, migrants, and the elderly being particularly emphasized. In this context, it is foreseen that there is a need for initiatives specifically planned for women and other disadvantaged groups. Moreover, adult education has the potential to address unemployment challenges that may arise due to advancements in artificial intelligence, enabling individuals to acquire new skills. By doing so, it can support workforce transformation and play an active role in mitigating job losses.

Ethical Statement

Bu araştırma doküman analizi yöntemi ile tasarlandığından ve insan üzerinde yapılan bir çalışma olmadığından etik kurul onayına ihtiyaç duyulmamıştır.

References

  • Akın, G. (2022). Yaşam boyu öğrenme politikaları: Uluslararası kurumlar ve Türkiye’deki yansımalar. In A. Yıldız (Ed.), Akademide 40 Yıl: Prof. Dr. Meral Uysal’a Armağan (pp. 329-349). Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Yayın No: 242.
  • Biesta, G. (2006). What's the point of lifelong learning if lifelong learning has no point? On the democratic deficit of policies for lifelong learning. European Educational Research Journal, 5(3-4), 169-180.
  • Boeren, E.& Rubenson, K. (2022). The Global Report on Adult Learning and Education (GRALE): Strengths, weaknesses and future directions, International Review of Education, 68, 291–308. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11159-022-09945-x
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, K. E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Demirel, F. (2017). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications.
  • Dehmel, A. (2006). Making a European area of lifelong learning a reality? Some critical reflections on the European Union’s lifelong learning policies. Comparative Education, 42(1), 49-62. http://doi.org/10.1080/03050060500515744
  • Delors, J., Al Mufti, I., Amagi, I., Carneiro, R., Chung, F., Geremek, B., Gorham, W., Kornhauser, A., Manley, M., Padron Quero, M., Savané, M., Singh, K., Stavenhagen, R., Suhr, M. W., Nanzhao, Z., ve diğerleri. (1996). Learning: The treasure within. Report to UNESCO of the International Commission on Education for the Twenty-first Century. UNESCO Publishing. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000109590
  • Elfert, M. (2019). Lifelong learning in Sustainable Development Goal 4: What does it mean for UNESCO’s rights-based approach to adult learning and education?. International Review of Education, 65(4), 537-556.
  • EUROSTAT (2024). File: Participation rate in education and training (last 12 months) by sex, 2022 (% of people aged 25-64).png. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Adult_learning_-_participants
  • Faure, E., Herrera, F., Kaddoura, A. R., Lopes, H., Petrovsky, A.V., Rahnema, M., Ward, F.C. (1972). Learning to be: The world of education today and tomorrow. Paris: UNESCO. ISBN 92-3-101017-4 https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000001801
  • Field, J. (2001). Lifelong education. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 20(1-2), 3-15. http://doi.org/10.1080}09638280010008291
  • GDLL. (2024). Kurum Bilgileri, 2023 İzleme ve Değerlendirme Raporu. Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Hayat Boyu Öğrenme Genel Müdürlüğü (2024). Ankara https://hbogm.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2024_05/14104707_izlemevedegerlendirmeraporu2023.pdf
  • Karasar, N. (2013). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Karakuş Yıldız, B., ve Taş, A. (2023). Hayat boyu öğrenmeye katılımın yaygın eğitim kursları bağlamında incelenmesi. Millî Eğitim Dergisi, 52 (239), 2335-2356. http://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.1130974
  • Košmerl, T., Miroshnikov, M., Simeon Aderibigbe, A. & Guimarães, P. (2022). UNESCO’s Global Reports on Adult Learning and Education: Conceptual Elements and Political Priorities in Nigeria, Russia, and Slovenia, Sisyphus. Journal of Education, 10(3), pp. 186-205, 2023.Instituto de Educação da Universidade de Lisboa. https://doi.org/10.25749/sis.25583
  • Lindeman E. C. (1969). Halk eğitiminin enlamı, (Çev. Celal Şentürk) Ankara: Halk Eğitimi Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları, (Orijinal Eserin Yayını, 1926).
  • Medel-An˜onuevo, C. & Bernhardt, A. (2011). Sustaining advocacy and action on women’s participation and gender equality in adult education. Springer Science+Business Media B.V. Int. Rev. Educ. (2011)57:57–68. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-011-9212-1
  • MEB (2009). Hayat boyu öğrenme stratejisi belgesi. Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı.
  • Miser, R. (2020). Yaşamboyu öğrenme ve yetişkin eğitimi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın.
  • Miser, R. (2013). Yaşamboyu öğrenme kavram ve bağlam. Ankara: Ayrıntı Basımevi.
  • Resmi Gazete. (2014). Hayat boyu öğrenme stratejisi belgesi ve eylem planı 2014-2018. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/07/20140716-8-1.pdf
  • Schuetze, H. G. (2006). International concepts and agendas of lifelong learning. Compare, 36(3), 289-306.
  • T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı (2024). 9. Kalkınma planı (2007-2013). https://www.sbb.gov.tr/kalkinma-planlari/
  • Torres, C. A. (2015). From Hamburg to Belem: The limits of technocratic thinking in adult learning education. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 34(1), 22-31, http://doi.org/10.1080/02601370.2014.991521
  • UIL (2010a). CONFINTEA VI: Sixth international conference on adult education: Final report. Hamburg: UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning. International Conference on Adult Education, 6th, Belém do Pará, Brazil, 2009. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000187790
  • UIL (2010b). CONFINTEA VI, Belém Framework for Action: harnessing the power and potential of adult learning and education for a viable future. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000187789
  • UIL (2013). 2nd Global Report on Adult Learning and Education: Rethinking Literacy (GRALE-2). UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning. ISBN 978-92-820-1180-5. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000222407?posInSet=1&queryId=7e2762fa-76ff-4c97-88ac-b02af299b63b
  • UIL (2019). 4th Global Report on Adult Learning and Education. Leave no one behind: Participation, equity and inclusion (GRALE-4). UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning. ISBN 978-92-820-1233-8 https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000372274
  • UIL (2022a). 5th Global Report on Adult Learning and Education, Citizenship education: Empowering adults for change. UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning, ISBN 978-92-820-1247-5. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000381666
  • UIL (2022b). CONFINTEA VII Marrakech framework for action harnessing the transformational power of adult learning and education. International Conference on Adult Education, 7th, Marrakech, Morocco, UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning, 2022 [5] UIL/2022/ME/H/11Rev. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382306
  • UIL (2009). Global Report on Adult Learning and Education (GRALE-1). UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning. ISBN 978-92- 820-1169-0. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000186431
  • UIL (2016). Global Report on Adult Learning and Education: The Impact of adult learning and education on health and well-being; employment and the labour market; and social, civic and community life. UNESCO, Institute for Lifelong Learning (GRALE 3). https://www.uil.unesco.org/en/adult-education/global-report-grale
  • United Nations. (2001). Road map towards the implementation of the United Nations Millennium Declaration. General Assembly Resolution A/56/326. https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/sgreport2001.pdf
  • United Nations. (2015). Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. NewYork. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/21252030%20Agenda%20for%20Sustainable%20Development%20web.pdf
  • Urhan, N. (2020). Hayat boyu öğrenme: Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye karşılaştırması. Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, 1, 18-45. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/866676
  • Walters, S. & von Kotze, A. (2019). “If you can’t measure it, it doesn’t exist”? Popular education in the shadows of global reporting on adult learning and education. Studies in the Education of Adults, (51)1, 3-14, http://doi.org/10.1080/02660830.2018.1522052.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek H. (2011). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.

Yetişkin Öğrenimi ve Eğitimi Üzerine Küresel Raporların (GRALE) Yetişkin Eğitimi Politikaları Üzerindeki Etkileri

Year 2025, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 25 - 41, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.25233/ijlel.1626642

Abstract

Birleşmiş Milletler Eğitim, Bilim ve Kültür Örgütü (UNESCO) Hayat Boyu Öğrenme Enstitüsü 2009 yılından bu yana her üç yılda bir Yetişkin Öğrenmesi ve Eğitimi Küresel Raporu (GRALE) yayımlamaktadır. Birleşmiş Milletlere üye ülkelerin yetişkin eğitimi politikaları, yönetişim, bütçe, katılım ve nitelik konusunda değerlendirmelerde bulunan bu raporlar küresel düzeyde yetişkin öğrenmesi ve eğitimine yönelik kapsamlı çalışmalardır. Bu çalışmada, yayınlandıkları tarihten bu yana tüm GRALE raporları incelenmiş ve içerikleri değerlendirilerek Türkiye’deki yetişkin öğrenmesi ve eğitimi politikalarına yansıması analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada GRALE raporlarının küresel düzeyde yetişkin öğrenmesi ve eğitiminin kapsamlı bir görünümünü yansıtması, yetişkin eğitimi ile ilgili politika ve kurumsal yapılarını geliştirmeye teşvik etmesi yönüyle önemli raporlar olduğu bulgulanmıştır. Ülkelerin yaşam boyu öğrenme ve yetişkin öğrenmesi ve eğitimi konusunda standartlaşmış politikalarının olmaması GRALE’lelerdeki değerlendirmelerin geçerlik ve güvenirliğini azaltmaktadır. Raporlarda ele alınan konuların Türkiye’deki yetişkin öğrenmesi ve eğitimi çalışmalarında da mevcut olduğu ve özellikle kadınlar, göçmenler ve yaşlıların eğitimlerindeki eşitsizliğin baskın bir sorun olmaya devam ettiği vurgulanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda kadınlar ve diğer dezavantajlı gruplar için planlanacak çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulduğu öngörülmektedir. Yetişkin eğitimi, yapay zekanın yol açabileceği işsizlik sorunlarına çözüm sunarak bireylerin yeni beceriler kazanmasını sağlayabilir. Bu sayede, iş gücünün dönüşümüne destek olup ve iş kayıplarını azaltılmasında etkin rol oynayabilir.

References

  • Akın, G. (2022). Yaşam boyu öğrenme politikaları: Uluslararası kurumlar ve Türkiye’deki yansımalar. In A. Yıldız (Ed.), Akademide 40 Yıl: Prof. Dr. Meral Uysal’a Armağan (pp. 329-349). Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Yayın No: 242.
  • Biesta, G. (2006). What's the point of lifelong learning if lifelong learning has no point? On the democratic deficit of policies for lifelong learning. European Educational Research Journal, 5(3-4), 169-180.
  • Boeren, E.& Rubenson, K. (2022). The Global Report on Adult Learning and Education (GRALE): Strengths, weaknesses and future directions, International Review of Education, 68, 291–308. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11159-022-09945-x
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, K. E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Demirel, F. (2017). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications.
  • Dehmel, A. (2006). Making a European area of lifelong learning a reality? Some critical reflections on the European Union’s lifelong learning policies. Comparative Education, 42(1), 49-62. http://doi.org/10.1080/03050060500515744
  • Delors, J., Al Mufti, I., Amagi, I., Carneiro, R., Chung, F., Geremek, B., Gorham, W., Kornhauser, A., Manley, M., Padron Quero, M., Savané, M., Singh, K., Stavenhagen, R., Suhr, M. W., Nanzhao, Z., ve diğerleri. (1996). Learning: The treasure within. Report to UNESCO of the International Commission on Education for the Twenty-first Century. UNESCO Publishing. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000109590
  • Elfert, M. (2019). Lifelong learning in Sustainable Development Goal 4: What does it mean for UNESCO’s rights-based approach to adult learning and education?. International Review of Education, 65(4), 537-556.
  • EUROSTAT (2024). File: Participation rate in education and training (last 12 months) by sex, 2022 (% of people aged 25-64).png. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Adult_learning_-_participants
  • Faure, E., Herrera, F., Kaddoura, A. R., Lopes, H., Petrovsky, A.V., Rahnema, M., Ward, F.C. (1972). Learning to be: The world of education today and tomorrow. Paris: UNESCO. ISBN 92-3-101017-4 https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000001801
  • Field, J. (2001). Lifelong education. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 20(1-2), 3-15. http://doi.org/10.1080}09638280010008291
  • GDLL. (2024). Kurum Bilgileri, 2023 İzleme ve Değerlendirme Raporu. Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Hayat Boyu Öğrenme Genel Müdürlüğü (2024). Ankara https://hbogm.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2024_05/14104707_izlemevedegerlendirmeraporu2023.pdf
  • Karasar, N. (2013). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Karakuş Yıldız, B., ve Taş, A. (2023). Hayat boyu öğrenmeye katılımın yaygın eğitim kursları bağlamında incelenmesi. Millî Eğitim Dergisi, 52 (239), 2335-2356. http://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.1130974
  • Košmerl, T., Miroshnikov, M., Simeon Aderibigbe, A. & Guimarães, P. (2022). UNESCO’s Global Reports on Adult Learning and Education: Conceptual Elements and Political Priorities in Nigeria, Russia, and Slovenia, Sisyphus. Journal of Education, 10(3), pp. 186-205, 2023.Instituto de Educação da Universidade de Lisboa. https://doi.org/10.25749/sis.25583
  • Lindeman E. C. (1969). Halk eğitiminin enlamı, (Çev. Celal Şentürk) Ankara: Halk Eğitimi Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları, (Orijinal Eserin Yayını, 1926).
  • Medel-An˜onuevo, C. & Bernhardt, A. (2011). Sustaining advocacy and action on women’s participation and gender equality in adult education. Springer Science+Business Media B.V. Int. Rev. Educ. (2011)57:57–68. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-011-9212-1
  • MEB (2009). Hayat boyu öğrenme stratejisi belgesi. Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı.
  • Miser, R. (2020). Yaşamboyu öğrenme ve yetişkin eğitimi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın.
  • Miser, R. (2013). Yaşamboyu öğrenme kavram ve bağlam. Ankara: Ayrıntı Basımevi.
  • Resmi Gazete. (2014). Hayat boyu öğrenme stratejisi belgesi ve eylem planı 2014-2018. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/07/20140716-8-1.pdf
  • Schuetze, H. G. (2006). International concepts and agendas of lifelong learning. Compare, 36(3), 289-306.
  • T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı (2024). 9. Kalkınma planı (2007-2013). https://www.sbb.gov.tr/kalkinma-planlari/
  • Torres, C. A. (2015). From Hamburg to Belem: The limits of technocratic thinking in adult learning education. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 34(1), 22-31, http://doi.org/10.1080/02601370.2014.991521
  • UIL (2010a). CONFINTEA VI: Sixth international conference on adult education: Final report. Hamburg: UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning. International Conference on Adult Education, 6th, Belém do Pará, Brazil, 2009. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000187790
  • UIL (2010b). CONFINTEA VI, Belém Framework for Action: harnessing the power and potential of adult learning and education for a viable future. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000187789
  • UIL (2013). 2nd Global Report on Adult Learning and Education: Rethinking Literacy (GRALE-2). UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning. ISBN 978-92-820-1180-5. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000222407?posInSet=1&queryId=7e2762fa-76ff-4c97-88ac-b02af299b63b
  • UIL (2019). 4th Global Report on Adult Learning and Education. Leave no one behind: Participation, equity and inclusion (GRALE-4). UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning. ISBN 978-92-820-1233-8 https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000372274
  • UIL (2022a). 5th Global Report on Adult Learning and Education, Citizenship education: Empowering adults for change. UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning, ISBN 978-92-820-1247-5. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000381666
  • UIL (2022b). CONFINTEA VII Marrakech framework for action harnessing the transformational power of adult learning and education. International Conference on Adult Education, 7th, Marrakech, Morocco, UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning, 2022 [5] UIL/2022/ME/H/11Rev. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382306
  • UIL (2009). Global Report on Adult Learning and Education (GRALE-1). UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning. ISBN 978-92- 820-1169-0. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000186431
  • UIL (2016). Global Report on Adult Learning and Education: The Impact of adult learning and education on health and well-being; employment and the labour market; and social, civic and community life. UNESCO, Institute for Lifelong Learning (GRALE 3). https://www.uil.unesco.org/en/adult-education/global-report-grale
  • United Nations. (2001). Road map towards the implementation of the United Nations Millennium Declaration. General Assembly Resolution A/56/326. https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/sgreport2001.pdf
  • United Nations. (2015). Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. NewYork. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/21252030%20Agenda%20for%20Sustainable%20Development%20web.pdf
  • Urhan, N. (2020). Hayat boyu öğrenme: Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye karşılaştırması. Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, 1, 18-45. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/866676
  • Walters, S. & von Kotze, A. (2019). “If you can’t measure it, it doesn’t exist”? Popular education in the shadows of global reporting on adult learning and education. Studies in the Education of Adults, (51)1, 3-14, http://doi.org/10.1080/02660830.2018.1522052.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek H. (2011). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Lifelong learning, Adult Education, Education Policy
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Aynur Altun Nalbant 0009-0006-8742-1378

Gülden Akın 0000-0002-7875-5898

Early Pub Date June 4, 2025
Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date January 24, 2025
Acceptance Date April 2, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 11 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Altun Nalbant, A., & Akın, G. (2025). Impacts of the Global Reports on Adult Learning and Education (GRALE) on Adult Education Policies. International Journal on Lifelong Education and Leadership, 11(1), 25-41. https://doi.org/10.25233/ijlel.1626642