Research Article

Resonant Deity: Performing Durga, Gender, and Ritual in the Sonic Canon of Twentieth-Century Bengal

Volume: 11 Number: 2 December 1, 2025
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Resonant Deity: Performing Durga, Gender, and Ritual in the Sonic Canon of Twentieth-Century Bengal

Abstract

Mahishasurmardini, the devotional broadcast annually on Mahalaya since 1931, is a performative reworking of the myth of Durga–Mahishasura through the confluence of Sanskrit scripture, Bengali poetry, and Hindustani classical music. In colonial Bengal, and composed by Bani Kumar with music by Pankaj Mullick and narration by Birendra Krishna Bhadra, the program mythologises ritual through acoustic dramaturgy. An interdisciplinary analysis, drawing on ethnomusicology, gender theory, and philosophical exegesis, examines how the sonic architecture, specifically the employment of Raga Malkauns and Bhairavi, produces rasa, verifies divine temporality, and mediates sacred presence. Durga is aurally imagined as a cosmic warrior and maternal guardian, turning feminine passivity and masculine violence binaries on their head. Canon formation, diaspora reception, and counter-readings by Dalit and Adivasi scholars make it both a cultural scripture and an ideological apparatus. Issues include its aesthetic development from oral liturgy to broadcast performance, its role in Bengali ethnocultural identity, and its capacity to absorb, yet repress, alternative mythic genealogies. Placed in the performative and literary circuits of postcolonial India, Mahishasurmardini is a site where repetition is ritual authorship and sacred sound is a shared yet contested national memory.

Keywords

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References

  1. Asianet Newsable (2023) “Mahalaya 2023: Why Birendra Krishna Bhadra’s Mahishasura Mardini is an integral part for Bengalis?” 14 October. Newsable. https://newsable.asianetnews.com/lifestyle/mahalaya-2023-why-birendrakrishna- bhadra-s-mahishasura-mardini-is-an-integral-part-for-bengalis-readthis- rba-s2gvq7 (Accessed: 25 November 2023).
  2. Bhattacharya, J. (2014) “Sharadiya Puja”. Swadesh Lok. Durgotsav: Shekal O Ekal 1. Kolkata: Loke Publication, p. 30.
  3. Bhattacharya, N. (2014) “Devimahatya O Sri Sri Devi Durga”. Swadesh Lok. Durgotsav Shekal-Ekal: 1. Kolkata: Loke Publication, p. 91.
  4. Bose, J. (2021) “Mahalaya: Birendra Krishna Bhadra heralds the arrival of Durga Puja; Here’s why an age-old tradition still inspires hope”. Hindustan Times.
  5. Chakravarty, C. H. (2014) “Durgapuja”. Swadesh Lok. Durgotsav Shekal-Ekal: 1. Kolkata: Loke Publication, p. 25.
  6. Andrews, E. (ed.) (1990) “Markedness Theory: The Union of Asymmetry and Semiosis in Language”. Sound and Meaning: The Roman Jakobson Series in Linguistics and Poetics. Durham: Duke University Press.
  7. Mullick, P. K. (1956). Compositions and Reflections. Geetachhabra Archives.
  8. Nayar, P. K. (2016). An Introduction to Cultural Studies. New Delhi: Viva Books.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

World Languages, Literature and Culture (Other), Cultural Studies (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Early Pub Date

November 17, 2025

Publication Date

December 1, 2025

Submission Date

July 29, 2025

Acceptance Date

September 18, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 11 Number: 2

APA
Middya, F. A. (2025). Resonant Deity: Performing Durga, Gender, and Ritual in the Sonic Canon of Twentieth-Century Bengal. International Journal of Media Culture and Literature, 11(2), 201-215. https://izlik.org/JA83GS83SJ
AMA
1.Middya FA. Resonant Deity: Performing Durga, Gender, and Ritual in the Sonic Canon of Twentieth-Century Bengal. IJMCL. 2025;11(2):201-215. https://izlik.org/JA83GS83SJ
Chicago
Middya, Fardun Ali. 2025. “Resonant Deity: Performing Durga, Gender, and Ritual in the Sonic Canon of Twentieth-Century Bengal”. International Journal of Media Culture and Literature 11 (2): 201-15. https://izlik.org/JA83GS83SJ.
EndNote
Middya FA (December 1, 2025) Resonant Deity: Performing Durga, Gender, and Ritual in the Sonic Canon of Twentieth-Century Bengal. International Journal of Media Culture and Literature 11 2 201–215.
IEEE
[1]F. A. Middya, “Resonant Deity: Performing Durga, Gender, and Ritual in the Sonic Canon of Twentieth-Century Bengal”, IJMCL, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 201–215, Dec. 2025, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA83GS83SJ
ISNAD
Middya, Fardun Ali. “Resonant Deity: Performing Durga, Gender, and Ritual in the Sonic Canon of Twentieth-Century Bengal”. International Journal of Media Culture and Literature 11/2 (December 1, 2025): 201-215. https://izlik.org/JA83GS83SJ.
JAMA
1.Middya FA. Resonant Deity: Performing Durga, Gender, and Ritual in the Sonic Canon of Twentieth-Century Bengal. IJMCL. 2025;11:201–215.
MLA
Middya, Fardun Ali. “Resonant Deity: Performing Durga, Gender, and Ritual in the Sonic Canon of Twentieth-Century Bengal”. International Journal of Media Culture and Literature, vol. 11, no. 2, Dec. 2025, pp. 201-15, https://izlik.org/JA83GS83SJ.
Vancouver
1.Fardun Ali Middya. Resonant Deity: Performing Durga, Gender, and Ritual in the Sonic Canon of Twentieth-Century Bengal. IJMCL [Internet]. 2025 Dec. 1;11(2):201-15. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA83GS83SJ


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