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Between Life and Death: The Psychological Dimensions of Yozo in Osamu Dazai’s No Longer Human
Abstract
This paper examines Osamu Dazai’s No Longer Human through Freud’s death drive and Bem’s self-perception theory, exploring the psychological forces shaping Yozo’s life. Freud’s death drive highlights his self-destructive tendencies and pervasive despair, while Bem’s theory explains how his understanding of himself and others emerges from observing his own actions. The analysis shows how Yozo’s alienation, societal estrangement, and existential crisis intertwine, revealing the complex relationship between identity, perception, and destructive impulses. Dazai’s narrative thus provides a profound psychoanalytic portrait of human behaviour, illustrating how distorted self-perception and isolation can culminate in psychological turmoil. This study underscores the value of psychoanalytic theory in interpreting literature and understanding the human psyche.
Keywords
References
- Bem, D. J. (1972). Self-perception theory. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 6, pp. 1–62). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60024-6
- Camus, A. (1991). The myth of Sisyphus and other essays (J. O’Brien, Trans.). Vintage. (Original work published 1942)
- Dazai, O. (1958). No longer human (D. Keene, Trans.). New Directions.
- Faulkner, J. (2005). Freud’s concept of the death drive and its relation to the superego. Minerva: An Internet Journal of Philosophy, 9, 153–176. http://www.minerva.mic.ul.ie/vol9/Freud.html
- Freud, S. (1911/1958). Psycho-analytic notes on an autobiographical account of a case of paranoia (dementia paranoides). In J. Strachey (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 12, pp. 9–82). Hogarth Press.
- Freud, S. (1920/1955). Beyond the pleasure principle. In J. Strachey (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 18, pp. 7–64). Hogarth Press.
- Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. Anchor Books.
- Robak, R. W., Ward, A., & Ostolaza, K. (2005). Development of a general measure of individuals’ recognition of their self-perception processes Psychological Reports, 97(2), 337–344.https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.97.2.337-344
Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
World Languages, Literature and Culture (Other)
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Publication Date
June 1, 2026
Submission Date
September 29, 2025
Acceptance Date
January 3, 2026
Published in Issue
Year 2026 Volume: 12 Number: 1
APA
Rayyan, M. M. R. (2026). Between Life and Death: The Psychological Dimensions of Yozo in Osamu Dazai’s No Longer Human. International Journal of Media Culture and Literature, 12(1), 13-25. https://izlik.org/JA72GW48ER
AMA
1.Rayyan MMR. Between Life and Death: The Psychological Dimensions of Yozo in Osamu Dazai’s No Longer Human. IJMCL. 2026;12(1):13-25. https://izlik.org/JA72GW48ER
Chicago
Rayyan, Manar M. R. 2026. “Between Life and Death: The Psychological Dimensions of Yozo in Osamu Dazai’s No Longer Human”. International Journal of Media Culture and Literature 12 (1): 13-25. https://izlik.org/JA72GW48ER.
EndNote
Rayyan MMR (June 1, 2026) Between Life and Death: The Psychological Dimensions of Yozo in Osamu Dazai’s No Longer Human. International Journal of Media Culture and Literature 12 1 13–25.
IEEE
[1]M. M. R. Rayyan, “Between Life and Death: The Psychological Dimensions of Yozo in Osamu Dazai’s No Longer Human”, IJMCL, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 13–25, June 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA72GW48ER
ISNAD
Rayyan, Manar M. R. “Between Life and Death: The Psychological Dimensions of Yozo in Osamu Dazai’s No Longer Human”. International Journal of Media Culture and Literature 12/1 (June 1, 2026): 13-25. https://izlik.org/JA72GW48ER.
JAMA
1.Rayyan MMR. Between Life and Death: The Psychological Dimensions of Yozo in Osamu Dazai’s No Longer Human. IJMCL. 2026;12:13–25.
MLA
Rayyan, Manar M. R. “Between Life and Death: The Psychological Dimensions of Yozo in Osamu Dazai’s No Longer Human”. International Journal of Media Culture and Literature, vol. 12, no. 1, June 2026, pp. 13-25, https://izlik.org/JA72GW48ER.
Vancouver
1.Manar M. R. Rayyan. Between Life and Death: The Psychological Dimensions of Yozo in Osamu Dazai’s No Longer Human. IJMCL [Internet]. 2026 Jun. 1;12(1):13-25. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA72GW48ER
