Art and Literature

SURVIVING THE CAPITAL: A DARWINIAN ANALYSIS OF ELIZABETH GASKELL’S NORTH AND SOUTH

Volume: 7 Number: 1 June 1, 2021
EN TR

SURVIVING THE CAPITAL: A DARWINIAN ANALYSIS OF ELIZABETH GASKELL’S NORTH AND SOUTH

Abstract

The rapid progression of industrialism and capitalism in the Victorian era influenced the authors to reflect the changing human condition in their literary works. Questions about the borders of the relationship between capital owners and their workers, terrible conditions of the workplaces and the insignificance of human life started to be discussed widely in the Victorian literature. Elizabeth Gaskell’s North and South (1854) similarly reflects the radical contrast between the industrialized cities and the rural life through the eyes of the protagonist Margaret. Margaret’s travel to an industrialized town and her curious gazes on the working-class people when she encounters them for the first time emphasize how industrialization trifles with human life, as Margaret and the working-class people observe each other as if they belong to different species. The confrontation of two alienated groups who examine each other in Gaskell’s novel bears a resemblance to Charles Darwin’s encounter with the indigenous people who live primitively and try to survive in the wild nature in The Voyage of the Beagle (1839). To provide reasons for the alienation effect between the two group, Marxist terms base, superstructure and hegemony will be used and explained. Furthermore, depending on the parallelism between the indigenous people and the working-class people whose only concern is to survive under harsh conditions, this article is going to connect Darwin’s theories of the struggle for existence and the survival of the fittest in On the Origin of Species (1859) with Gaskell’s novel. In accordance with Darwin’s theory, it will be pointed out that while physically weak characters cannot adapt to the harsh living conditions and gradually die one by one, Margaret and Thornton get married because they are preserved as the fittest members to create stronger offsprings for the next generation.

Keywords

References

  1. Anderson, K., & Satalino, K. (2013). 'An honest up and down fight': Confrontation and Social Change in North and South. The Gaskell Journal, pp. 108-125.
  2. Darwin, C. (2008). The Voyage of the Beagle. the UK: Dodo Press.
  3. Darwin, C. (2009). On the Origin of the Species. London: Public Domain Books.
  4. Dredge, S. (2012). NEGOTIATING "A WOMAN'S WORK": PHILANTHROPY TO SOCIAL SCIENCE IN GASKELL'S NORTH AND SOUTH. Victorian Literature and Culture, pp. 83-97.
  5. Engels, F. (1987). The Condition of the Working Class in England. (V. Kiernan, Ed.) London: Penguin Classics . Gaskell, E. (1973). North and South. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  6. Goldstone, J. A. (2002). Efflorescences and Economic Growth in World History: Rethinking the "Rise of the West" and the Industrial Revolution. Journal of World History (13), pp. 323-389.
  7. Griffin, E. (2014). Patterns of Industrialisation. (M. Hewitt, Ed.), The Victorian World. London: Routledge.
  8. Harrison, R. (1965). Before the Socialists: Studies in Labour and Politics, 1861-1881. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Creative Arts and Writing

Journal Section

Art and Literature

Publication Date

June 1, 2021

Submission Date

November 3, 2020

Acceptance Date

January 27, 2021

Published in Issue

Year 2021 Volume: 7 Number: 1

APA
Uysal, G. (2021). SURVIVING THE CAPITAL: A DARWINIAN ANALYSIS OF ELIZABETH GASKELL’S NORTH AND SOUTH. International Journal of Media Culture and Literature, 7(1), 11-26. https://izlik.org/JA92KR62KJ
AMA
1.Uysal G. SURVIVING THE CAPITAL: A DARWINIAN ANALYSIS OF ELIZABETH GASKELL’S NORTH AND SOUTH. IJMCL. 2021;7(1):11-26. https://izlik.org/JA92KR62KJ
Chicago
Uysal, Güzide. 2021. “SURVIVING THE CAPITAL: A DARWINIAN ANALYSIS OF ELIZABETH GASKELL’S NORTH AND SOUTH”. International Journal of Media Culture and Literature 7 (1): 11-26. https://izlik.org/JA92KR62KJ.
EndNote
Uysal G (June 1, 2021) SURVIVING THE CAPITAL: A DARWINIAN ANALYSIS OF ELIZABETH GASKELL’S NORTH AND SOUTH. International Journal of Media Culture and Literature 7 1 11–26.
IEEE
[1]G. Uysal, “SURVIVING THE CAPITAL: A DARWINIAN ANALYSIS OF ELIZABETH GASKELL’S NORTH AND SOUTH”, IJMCL, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 11–26, June 2021, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA92KR62KJ
ISNAD
Uysal, Güzide. “SURVIVING THE CAPITAL: A DARWINIAN ANALYSIS OF ELIZABETH GASKELL’S NORTH AND SOUTH”. International Journal of Media Culture and Literature 7/1 (June 1, 2021): 11-26. https://izlik.org/JA92KR62KJ.
JAMA
1.Uysal G. SURVIVING THE CAPITAL: A DARWINIAN ANALYSIS OF ELIZABETH GASKELL’S NORTH AND SOUTH. IJMCL. 2021;7:11–26.
MLA
Uysal, Güzide. “SURVIVING THE CAPITAL: A DARWINIAN ANALYSIS OF ELIZABETH GASKELL’S NORTH AND SOUTH”. International Journal of Media Culture and Literature, vol. 7, no. 1, June 2021, pp. 11-26, https://izlik.org/JA92KR62KJ.
Vancouver
1.Güzide Uysal. SURVIVING THE CAPITAL: A DARWINIAN ANALYSIS OF ELIZABETH GASKELL’S NORTH AND SOUTH. IJMCL [Internet]. 2021 Jun. 1;7(1):11-26. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA92KR62KJ


All site content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Common Attribution Licence. (CC-BY-NC 4.0)

by-nc.png