The migrations and the mass media; conceptualization of the freedom from fear and want

Abstract

The paper explores migrations and media concerning the human security conceptualization dilemma. Prevention programs of media propaganda as a separate phenomenon based on proper longitudinal, multidisciplinary research into the etiology and consequences can contribute to human rights. Migration is an essential factor of human and international security, and the lack of adequate normative dynamics neglects human rights accelerating new conflicts. The term migrant, and such homogenization in which a group of people tries to portray themselves as a mass in which all have the same characteristics, goals are fertile ground for expanding hate speech, incitement, and various forms of generalization. Refugees and migrants should be recognized as relevant and respected sections of the audience with specific interests, needs, and the opportunity to develop a voice that can be heard. Viewing members of other cultures as "enemies" or "others" that can harm collective identity is not a liberal principle but a nationalist one and a significant portion of anti-migrant attitudes are interpreted from a cultural perspective. Ethnic discrimination leaves a strong mark on migrants' psychological state, and the impact of perceived threat on psychological well-being is under the influence of moderators and in mind attending actual conflicts. The fight against hate speech must be reactive (sanctioning hate speech) and proactive media education and media literacy programs aimed at the general population. Minimizing sensationalism journalism undermines the quality of public debate and thus, in a way, legitimizes its low level of communication culture in the public space from which it develops, and inappropriate speech flourishes uncontrollably. By accepting liberal principles, states should promote equality and respect for society's identity.

Keywords

• Mass media
• Propaganda
• Migrations
• Human rights
• Human security
• Freedom from fear
• Freedom from want

References

1. Chomsky,N.,(2002),Media Control,The spectacular achievements of propaganda,Part of Open Media Series
2. Citrinm J, Sears, D., Muste, C., & Wong, C.,(2001), Multiculturalism in American public opinion. British Journal of Political Science, 31, 247-275, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123401000102
3. Council of the European Union, Report, (2015)
4. Grbeša, M., Šalaj, B.,(2018),Good, bad, or evil? Populism in Croatia, TIM press, Zagreb
5. Habermas, J.,(2012),Europe and democracy: an exchange,The Crisis of the European Union in the Light of a Constitutionalization of International Law,The European Journal of International Law, Vol. 23 no. 2
6. Sokolović, H. (2019), „Bolje od života od kojeg su pobjegli, gore od onog kojem teže“,http://ba.n1info.com/Vijesti/a380566/N1-u-hotelu-Sedra.html
7. Giacco, D., Laxhman, N., & Priebe, S. (2018). Prevalence of and risk factors for mental disorders in refugees. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, 77, 144–152. Elsevier.
8. Close, C., Kouvonen, A., Bosqui, T., Patel, K., O’Reilly, D., & Donnelly, M. (2016). The mental health and wellbeing of first generation migrants: a systematic-narrative review of reviews, Globalization and Health, 12(1), 47

9. Aichberger, M., Bromand, Z., Rapp, M., Yesil, R., Montesinos, A.,Temur-Erman, S. & Schouler-Ocak, M. (2015). Perceived ethnic discrimination, acculturation, and psychological distress in women of Turkish origin in Germany, Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 50(11), 1691–1700
10. Al Jazeera,(2018), „Rasizam u Poljskoj sve snažniji“, http://balkans.aljazeera.net/vijesti/rasizam-u-poljskoj-sve-snazniji
11. Beirich, H. & Buchanan, S. (2018), The Year in Hate and Extremism, https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2018/2017-year-hate-and-extremism
12. Esses, M., Medianu, S. & Lawson, A., (2013), Uncertainty, threat, and the role of the media in promoting the dehumanization of immigrants and refugees, Journal of Social Issues, Vol 69, Issue 3
13. Grizold, A. (1998), Međunarodna sigurnost i etnički konflikti. Politička misao, sv. 35, br. 4. Str. 22–35. http://hrcak.srce.hr/32206 (pristupljeno 16. ožujka 2015.)
14. Hadžić, F. (2020). The European Union (EU) Political Identity within the migrant crisis, and the Balkan – Bosnian route; xenophobia and religious identity. Research, Society and Development, 9(10), e4809108685. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i10.8685
15. Starčević, I.,(2012), Mirovne operacije u postmoderno doba. Doktorski rad,Fakultet političkih znanosti Sveučilišta u Zagrebu.
16. Kerr, P. (2010), Human security, Contemporary Security Studies, ed. A. Collins, Zagreb: Politička kultura
17. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (2004). The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior. In J. T. Jost & J. Sidanius (Eds.), Key readings in social psychology. Political psychology: Key readings (p. 276–293). Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203505984-16