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The Other in Othello: Backsliding and Re-turning Turk of the Moor

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 11 - 38, 01.06.2020

Abstract

Othello is mostly analyzed as the representative of the colonized black people by some scholars. For instance, Stephen Greenblatt in chapter ‘the improvisation of power’ of his work, Renaissance Self-Fashioning, depicts Iago as the colonizer and Othello as the colonized. Iago emphasizes on Othello’s physical differences and his manipulation leads Othello towards his own fall but Iago does not necessarily colonize him. Othello is a skilled commander who, in urgency, is trusted by Venice and they rely on his leadership to save Cyprus from the Turks. Othello is not Venetian and more importantly he is circumcised. In the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries English and other European pirates and merchants were “turning Turk” to benefit from the profitable life in the Mediterranean coasts of Levant and North Africa. Othello can be seen as a counter example of those Europeans who deserted their homelands to enjoy advantages of belonging to a Muslim society. In this essay I argue reasons of fear and urgency, in the play, based upon historical facts of the period when Othello was written. England and Ottomans were in psychological cold war at the time of the composition of Othello, a situation where England was not strong enough to imagine a fulfilled conquest of the Ottomans due to the military might of the latter. All these find their voices in Othello. As a Muslim who became Christian, I also argue Othello’s turning Turk and his connection and relation with the Turks. Othello might be seen as a counter example to renegades

References

  • Burton, J. (2005). Traffic and Turning Islam and English Drama 1575 – 1624. New Jersey: University of Delaware Press Danson, L. (2002, fall - winter). England, Islam, and the Mediterranean Drama: Othello and Others, Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/ stable/40339519 Depiction of Blemmyes [Engraving]. (1603) Retrieved December 11 2019 from http://americainclass.org/early-visual-representations-of-the-newworld/ Fanon, F. (2008). Black Skin, White Mask, Trans. Charles Lam Markmann. England: Pluto Press Kaldy-Nagy, G. (1977). The First Centuries of the Ottoman Military Organization, Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/23682672 Konstam, A. (2016). The Barbary Pirates 15th – 17th Centuries. Oxford: Osprey Publishing Loomba, A. (1998). Colonialism/Postcolonialism. London: Routledge Loomba, A. (2002). Shakespeare, Race and Colonialism. New York: Oxford University Press Matar, N. (1999). Turks, Moors and Englishmen, New York: Columbia University Press. Norman, S. (2003). Othello, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Said, EW. (1978). Orientalism, Penguin Classics, London. Shakespeare, W. (2005). Othello. London: EMC/Paradigm Publishing Shaw, SJ. And yapp, ME. (2019). Ottoman Empire, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/place/ Ottoman-Empire Tinniswood, A. (2011). Pirates of Barbary. London: Vintage Vitkus, D. (2003). Turning Turk. New York: Palgrave Macmillan Vikus, D. (1997, summer). Turning Turk in Othello: The Conversion and Damnation of the Moor, Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/ stable/2871278

Othello’da öteki: Mağripli Türklerin Dönüşü ve Dinden Uzaklaşması

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 11 - 38, 01.06.2020

Abstract

Othello genelde, bazı bilim adamları tarafından sömürgeleştirilmiş siyahi
insanların bir temsili olarak analiz edilir. Örneğin, Stephen Greenblatt’ın
çalışmalarının ‘gücünün doğaçlaması’ bölümünde, Rönesans’ta kendini
biçimlendirme, Iago’yu kolonileştirici ve Othello’yu sömürgeleştiren
olarak tasvir ediyor. Iago, Othello’nun fiziksel farklılıklarına vurgu yapar
ve manipülasyonu Othello’yu kendi düşüşüne doğru yönlendirir, ancak
Iago onu tam olarak kolonileştirmez. Othello Kıbrıs’ı ivedilikle Türklerden
kurtarmak için Venedik tarafından liderliğine güvenilen yetenekli bir
komutandır. Othello Venedikli değildir ve daha da önemlisi sünnetlidir.
On altıncı ve on yedinci yüzyılın sonlarında İngiliz ve diğer Avrupalı
korsanlar ve tüccarlar Levant ve Kuzey Afrika’nın Akdeniz kıyılarındaki
karlı yaşamdan faydalanmak için “Türk’ü dönüştürüyorlardı”. Othello,
Müslüman bir topluma ait olmanın avantajlarından yararlanmak için
anavatanlarını terk eden Avrupalıların karşı bir örneği olarak görülebilir.
Bu makalede, oyunda, Othello’nun yazıldığı dönemin tarihsel gerçeklerine
dayanarak korku ve aciliyet nedenlerini tartışıyorum. İngiltere ve Osmanlılar,
İngiltere’nin Osmanlıların askeri gücü nedeniyle yerine getirilmiş bir fetih
hayal edebilecek kadar güçlü olmadığı Othello’nun derlemesi sırasında
psikolojik soğuk savaştaydı. Bütün bunlar seslerini Othello›da bulur.
Hıristiyan olan bir Müslüman olarak Othello’nun Türk’ü ve Türklerle olan
bağlantısını ve ilişkisini değiştirdiğini de tartışıyorum. Othello, İslami bir
yaşamın mali avantajlarını arayan dininden dönen kimselere (Hıristiyanlar
Türk’ü dönüştürdü) bir karşı örnek olarak görülebilir.

References

  • Burton, J. (2005). Traffic and Turning Islam and English Drama 1575 – 1624. New Jersey: University of Delaware Press Danson, L. (2002, fall - winter). England, Islam, and the Mediterranean Drama: Othello and Others, Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/ stable/40339519 Depiction of Blemmyes [Engraving]. (1603) Retrieved December 11 2019 from http://americainclass.org/early-visual-representations-of-the-newworld/ Fanon, F. (2008). Black Skin, White Mask, Trans. Charles Lam Markmann. England: Pluto Press Kaldy-Nagy, G. (1977). The First Centuries of the Ottoman Military Organization, Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/23682672 Konstam, A. (2016). The Barbary Pirates 15th – 17th Centuries. Oxford: Osprey Publishing Loomba, A. (1998). Colonialism/Postcolonialism. London: Routledge Loomba, A. (2002). Shakespeare, Race and Colonialism. New York: Oxford University Press Matar, N. (1999). Turks, Moors and Englishmen, New York: Columbia University Press. Norman, S. (2003). Othello, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Said, EW. (1978). Orientalism, Penguin Classics, London. Shakespeare, W. (2005). Othello. London: EMC/Paradigm Publishing Shaw, SJ. And yapp, ME. (2019). Ottoman Empire, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/place/ Ottoman-Empire Tinniswood, A. (2011). Pirates of Barbary. London: Vintage Vitkus, D. (2003). Turning Turk. New York: Palgrave Macmillan Vikus, D. (1997, summer). Turning Turk in Othello: The Conversion and Damnation of the Moor, Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/ stable/2871278
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Creative Arts and Writing
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nastaran Fadaei Heıdarı This is me 0000-0003-3807-0576

Öz Öktem This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2020
Acceptance Date March 18, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Heıdarı, N. F., & Öktem, Ö. (2020). The Other in Othello: Backsliding and Re-turning Turk of the Moor. International Journal of Media Culture and Literature, 6(1), 11-38.


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