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Rezonans Tanrısı: Yirminci Yüzyıl Bengal'inin Ses Kanonunda Durga, Cinsiyet ve Ritüelin Gerçekleştirilmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 201 - 215

Abstract

Mahishasurmardini, 1931’den beri her yıl Mahalaya'da yayınlanan dini bir programdır. Sanskrit kutsal metinleri, Bengalce şiirleri ve Hindustani klasik müziğinin birleşimiyle Durga-Mahishasura mitini performatif bir şekilde yeniden yorumlamaktadır. Sömürge dönemi Bengal'inde Bani Kumar tarafından bestelenen, Pankaj Mullick'in müziği ve Birendra Krishna Bhadra'nın anlatımıyla hazırlanan program, akustik dramaturji yoluyla ritüeli mitolojikleştirir. Etnomüzikoloji, cinsiyet teorisi ve felsefi tefsirden yararlanan disiplinlerarası bir analiz, ses mimarisinin, özellikle Raga Malkauns ve Bhairavi'nin kullanımının nasıl rasa ürettiğini, ilahi zamansallığı doğruladığını ve kutsal varlığı aracılık ettiğini inceler. Durga, kozmik bir savaşçı ve ana koruyucu olarak işitsel olarak hayal edilir ve kadınsı pasiflik ile erkeksi şiddet ikilemini tersine çevirir. Kanon oluşumu, diaspora alımı ve Dalit ve Adivasi akademisyenlerin karşı okumaları, onu hem kültürel bir kutsal metin hem de ideolojik bir araç haline getirir. Konular arasında, sözlü litürjiden yayın performansına estetik gelişimi, Bengal etnokültürel kimliğinde rolü ve alternatif mitik soyağacını özümseme, ancak bastırma kapasitesi yer almaktadır. Sömürge sonrası Hindistan'ın performatif ve edebi çevrelerinde yer alan Mahishasurmardini, tekrarlama ritüel yazarlık ve kutsal sesin paylaşılan ancak tartışmalı bir ulusal hafıza olduğu bir yerdir.

References

  • Asianet Newsable (2023) “Mahalaya 2023: Why Birendra Krishna Bhadra’s Mahishasura Mardini is an integral part for Bengalis?” 14 October. Newsable. https://newsable.asianetnews.com/lifestyle/mahalaya-2023-why-birendrakrishna- bhadra-s-mahishasura-mardini-is-an-integral-part-for-bengalis-readthis- rba-s2gvq7 (Accessed: 25 November 2023).
  • Bhattacharya, J. (2014) “Sharadiya Puja”. Swadesh Lok. Durgotsav: Shekal O Ekal 1. Kolkata: Loke Publication, p. 30.
  • Bhattacharya, N. (2014) “Devimahatya O Sri Sri Devi Durga”. Swadesh Lok. Durgotsav Shekal-Ekal: 1. Kolkata: Loke Publication, p. 91.
  • Bose, J. (2021) “Mahalaya: Birendra Krishna Bhadra heralds the arrival of Durga Puja; Here’s why an age-old tradition still inspires hope”. Hindustan Times.
  • Chakravarty, C. H. (2014) “Durgapuja”. Swadesh Lok. Durgotsav Shekal-Ekal: 1. Kolkata: Loke Publication, p. 25.
  • Andrews, E. (ed.) (1990) “Markedness Theory: The Union of Asymmetry and Semiosis in Language”. Sound and Meaning: The Roman Jakobson Series in Linguistics and Poetics. Durham: Duke University Press.
  • Mullick, P. K. (1956). Compositions and Reflections. Geetachhabra Archives.
  • Nayar, P. K. (2016). An Introduction to Cultural Studies. New Delhi: Viva Books.
  • Queen Mary University of London & IIT Kharagpur (2019) Mapping the Creative Economy around the Durga Puja. British Council.
  • Radhakrishnan, S. (1953). The Principal Upanishads. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd.
  • Rig Veda Samhita (2018) Translated and compiled by Griffith, R. T. H., Keith, A. B. et al. Complete Sakala Shakha edition. Internet Archive, 4 January. Available at: https://archive.org/details/rigvedacomplete/page/n247/mode/2up (Accessed: 6 July 2025).
  • Sarkar, D. (2014) “Mahishmardini Durga”. Swadesh Lok. Durgotsav Shekal- Ekal: 1. Kolkata: Loke Publication, pp. 48–50.
  • The Bible (1983) The Second Book of the Kings, 1:2–3. NKJV. India Bible Literature.

Resonant Deity: Performing Durga, Gender, and Ritual in the Sonic Canon of Twentieth-Century Bengal

Year 2025, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 201 - 215

Abstract

Mahishasurmardini, the devotional broadcast annually on Mahalaya since 1931, is a performative reworking of the myth of Durga–Mahishasura through the confluence of Sanskrit scripture, Bengali poetry, and Hindustani classical music. In colonial Bengal, and composed by Bani Kumar with music by Pankaj Mullick and narration by Birendra Krishna Bhadra, the program mythologises ritual through acoustic dramaturgy. An interdisciplinary analysis, drawing on ethnomusicology, gender theory, and philosophical exegesis, examines how the sonic architecture, specifically the employment of Raga Malkauns and Bhairavi, produces rasa, verifies divine temporality, and mediates sacred presence. Durga is aurally imagined as a cosmic warrior and maternal guardian, turning feminine passivity and masculine violence binaries on their head. Canon formation, diaspora reception, and counter-readings by Dalit and Adivasi scholars make it both a cultural scripture and an ideological apparatus. Issues include its aesthetic development from oral liturgy to broadcast performance, its role in Bengali ethnocultural identity, and its capacity to absorb, yet repress, alternative mythic genealogies. Placed in the performative and literary circuits of postcolonial India, Mahishasurmardini is a site where repetition is ritual authorship and sacred sound is a shared yet contested national memory.

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References

  • Asianet Newsable (2023) “Mahalaya 2023: Why Birendra Krishna Bhadra’s Mahishasura Mardini is an integral part for Bengalis?” 14 October. Newsable. https://newsable.asianetnews.com/lifestyle/mahalaya-2023-why-birendrakrishna- bhadra-s-mahishasura-mardini-is-an-integral-part-for-bengalis-readthis- rba-s2gvq7 (Accessed: 25 November 2023).
  • Bhattacharya, J. (2014) “Sharadiya Puja”. Swadesh Lok. Durgotsav: Shekal O Ekal 1. Kolkata: Loke Publication, p. 30.
  • Bhattacharya, N. (2014) “Devimahatya O Sri Sri Devi Durga”. Swadesh Lok. Durgotsav Shekal-Ekal: 1. Kolkata: Loke Publication, p. 91.
  • Bose, J. (2021) “Mahalaya: Birendra Krishna Bhadra heralds the arrival of Durga Puja; Here’s why an age-old tradition still inspires hope”. Hindustan Times.
  • Chakravarty, C. H. (2014) “Durgapuja”. Swadesh Lok. Durgotsav Shekal-Ekal: 1. Kolkata: Loke Publication, p. 25.
  • Andrews, E. (ed.) (1990) “Markedness Theory: The Union of Asymmetry and Semiosis in Language”. Sound and Meaning: The Roman Jakobson Series in Linguistics and Poetics. Durham: Duke University Press.
  • Mullick, P. K. (1956). Compositions and Reflections. Geetachhabra Archives.
  • Nayar, P. K. (2016). An Introduction to Cultural Studies. New Delhi: Viva Books.
  • Queen Mary University of London & IIT Kharagpur (2019) Mapping the Creative Economy around the Durga Puja. British Council.
  • Radhakrishnan, S. (1953). The Principal Upanishads. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd.
  • Rig Veda Samhita (2018) Translated and compiled by Griffith, R. T. H., Keith, A. B. et al. Complete Sakala Shakha edition. Internet Archive, 4 January. Available at: https://archive.org/details/rigvedacomplete/page/n247/mode/2up (Accessed: 6 July 2025).
  • Sarkar, D. (2014) “Mahishmardini Durga”. Swadesh Lok. Durgotsav Shekal- Ekal: 1. Kolkata: Loke Publication, pp. 48–50.
  • The Bible (1983) The Second Book of the Kings, 1:2–3. NKJV. India Bible Literature.
There are 13 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects World Languages, Literature and Culture (Other), Cultural Studies (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Fardun Ali Middya 0009-0005-5211-0927

Early Pub Date November 17, 2025
Publication Date November 18, 2025
Submission Date July 29, 2025
Acceptance Date September 18, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Middya, F. A. (2025). Resonant Deity: Performing Durga, Gender, and Ritual in the Sonic Canon of Twentieth-Century Bengal. International Journal of Media Culture and Literature, 11(2), 201-215.


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