Analysis of mtDNA cyt b and mtDNA D-loop of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) species living in Keban Dam Lake (Türkiye)

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 54 - 60, 01.06.2024

Arif Parmaksız Birsen Söylemez

Abstract

Keban Dam Lake is located within the boundaries Elazığ, Tunceli and Erzincan provinces of Türkiye and is an artificial lake where aquaculture production and fishing activities are carried out. In addition to native fish species, non-native and invasive fish that entered the dam lake later live in this lake. These invasive fish are a threat to native species and cause significant impacts to biodiversity. In this study, the genetic structure of Carassius auratus, one of these invasive fish, was investigated by sequence analysis of mtDNA cyt b and D-loop regions. DNA was extracted from muscle tissue using commercial kit. PCR stages performed using target primers and were subjected to sequence analysis. The haplotypes obtained for both gene regions were compared using the BLAST technique to reveal similarities in the gene bank. The information on genetic variation and population structure obtained for C. auratus in this study will be useful for planning effective strategies for the protection and rehabilitation of the species living in the dam lake.

Keywords

Carassius auratus, mtDNA, Invasive species, Alien species, Genetic diversity

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval is not required for this study.

Supporting Institution

Harran University Scientific Research Projects Unit

Project Number

23079

Thanks

We would like to thank Assoc. Dr. Mücahit EROĞLU and Necmettin DOĞAN for their contributions in providing fish samples,

References

• Aktop, Y. (2017). Investigation of the effect of bluegrass (Ferula elaeochytris K. 1947) on the growth and gonad development of goldfish (Carassius auratus L. 1758). Akdeniz University, Master's Thesis, Türkiye.
• Brahimi, A., Tarai, N., Benhassane, A., Henrard, A., & Libois, R. (2016). Genetic and morphological consequences of Quaternary glaciations: A relic barbel lineage (Luciobarbus pallaryi, Cyprinidae) of Guir Basin (Algeria). Comptes Rendus Biologies, 339 (2), 83-98.
• Briolay, J., Galtier, N., Brito, R. M., & Bouvet, Y. (1998). Molecular phylogeny of cyprinidae inferred from cytochrome b DNA Sequences. Molecular phylogenetics and Evolution, 9 (1), 100-108.
• Doğaç, E., Ağdamar, S., Keskin, E., Tarkan, A. S., Yapıcı, S., & Acar, Ü. (2016). Mitochondrial genetic variations of an introduced freshwater fish, goldfish Carassius auratus at the frontier between Europe and Asia (Western Anatolia, Turkey): proximity to Europe rather than East Asia?. Mitochondrial DNA Part A, 27 (6), 4008-4014.
• Duman, E., & Şen, D. (2002). Keban Baraj Gölünde yaşayan Carassius auratus L., 1758 da karşılaştırmalı yaş tayini. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 22 (3), 11-18.
• Duong, T. Y., Uy, S., Chheng, P., So, N., Tran, T. H. T., Nguyen, N. T. T., & Egna, H. (2019). Genetic diversity and structure of striped snakehead (Channa striata) in the Lower Mekong Basin: Implications for aquaculture and fisheries management. Fisheries Research, 218, 166-173.
• Fayazi, J., Moradi, M., Rahimi, G., Ashtyani, R., Galledari, H. (2006). Genetic differentiation and phylogenetic re-lationships among Barbus xanthopterus (Cyprinidae) popu-lations in south west of Iran using mitochondrial DNA mar-kers. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 9, 2249-2254. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2006.2249.2254
• Feng, X., Liu, S., Sui, X., Chen, Y., Zhu, R., Jia, Y., & Hansen, M. M. (2023). Genetic responses in sexual diploid and unisexual triploid goldfish (Carassius auratus) introduced into a high‐altitude environment. Molecular Ecology, 32 (8),1955-1971.
• Gozlan, R. E., Britton, J. R., Cowx, I., & Copp, G. H. (2010). Current knowledge on non‐native freshwater fish introductions. Journal of Fish Biology, 76 (4), 751-786.
• Güzeli, M. (2022). Keban Baraj Gölü'nde seviye değişikliği ve antropojen etkileri. Fırat Üniversitesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Elazığ.
• Iguchi, K. I., Tanimura, Y., & Nishida, M. (1997). Sequence divergence in the mtDNA control region of amphidromous and landlocked forms of ayu. Fisheries Science, 63 (6), 901-905.
• Innal, D. (2011). Distribution and impacts of Carassius species (Cyprinidae) in Turkey: a review. Management of Biological Invasions, (2), 57-68.
• Inoue, J. G., Miya, M., Tsukamoto, K., & Nishida, M. (2000). Complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the Japanese sardine Sardinops melanostictus. Fisheries Science, 66 (5), 924-932.
• Jackson, M. C., Wasserman, R. J., Grey, J., Ricciardi, A., Dick, J. T., & Alexander, M. E. (2017). Novel and disrupted trophic links following invasion in freshwater ecosystems. Advances in Ecological Research, 57, 55-97.
• Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C., & Tamura, K. (2018). MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35 (6), 1547.
• Lee, C. E. (2002). Evolutionary genetics of invasive species. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 17 (8), 386-391.
• Leung, B., Lodge, D. M., Finnoff, D., Shogren, J. F., Lewis, M. A., & Lamberti, G. (2002). An ounce of prevention or a pound of cure: bioeconomic risk analysis of invasive species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 269 (1508), 2407-2413.
• Li, W., Chen, X., Xu, Q., Zhu, J., Dai, X., & Xu, L. (2015). Genetic Population Structure of Thunnus albacares in the Central Pacific Ocean Based on mtDNA COI Gene Sequences. Biochemical Genetics, 53, 8-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-015-9666-0
• Liu, X. L., Jiang, F. F., Wang, Z. W., Li, X. Y., Li, Z., Zhang, X. J., & Gui, J. F. (2017). Wider geographic distribution and higher diversity of hexaploids than tetraploids in Carassius species complex reveal recurrent polyploidy effects on adaptive evolution. Scientific Reports, 7 (1), 5395.
• Mack, R. N., Simberloff, D., Mark Lonsdale, W., Evans, H., Clout, M., & Bazzaz, F. A. (2000). Biotic invasions: causes, epidemiology, global consequences, and control. Ecological Applications, 10 (3), 689-710.
• Mollot, G., Pantel, J. H., & Romanuk, T. N. (2017). The effects of invasive species on the decline in species richness: a global meta-analysis. In Advances in Ecological Research, 56, 61-83.
• Pan, Z., Zhao, H., Zhu, C., Chen, H., Zhao, P., & Cheng, Y. (2021). Genetic diversity analysis of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) based on cyt b and D-loop containing region around Hongze Lake. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 104, 1401-1420.
• Parmaksız, A., Demir, A., & Ulusal, D. (2022). mtDNA COI and cyt b Analysis of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) Species Living in Atatürk Dam Lake (Turkey). International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, 5 (3), 526-532.
• Reid, W. V., Mooney, H. A., Cropper, A., Capistrano, D., Carpenter, S. R., Chopra, K., & Zurek, M. B. (2005). Ecosystems and human well-being-Synthesis: A report of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Island Press.
• Saraswat, D., Lakra, W. S., Nautiyal, P., Goswami, M., Shyamakant, K., Malakar, A. (2014). Genetic characteriza-tion of Clupisoma garua (Hamilton 1822) from six Indian po-pulations using mtDNA cytochrome b gene. Mitochondrial DNA, 25 (1), 70-77. https://doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2013.782014
• Sun, C., Xuan, Z., Liu, H., Jiang, T., & Yang, J. (2019). cyt b gene and D-loop sequence analyses of Coilia nasus from the Rokkaku River of Japan. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 32, 100840.
• Tarkan, A. S., Gaygusuz, Ö., Gürsoy Gaygusuz, Ç., Sac, G., & Copp, G. H. (2012). Circumstantial evidence of gibel carp, Carassius gibelio, reproductive competition exerted on native fish species in a mesotrophic reservoir. Fisheries Management and Ecology, 19 (2), 167-177.
• Xiong, W., Sui, X., Liang, S. H., & Chen, Y. (2015). Non-native freshwater fish species in China. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 25, 651-687.
• Vanlı, E., Harlıoğlu, A. G., Harlıoğlu, M. M., Kırmızıkaya, G., & Yılmaz, Ö. (2023). Determination of fatty acid composition, cholesterol and fat-soluble vitamin levels of Capoeta trutta, Luciobarbus mystaceus and Luciobarbus esocinus Caught from the Keban Dam Lake, Elazığ, Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 23 (8), 22526. https://doi.org/10.4194/TRJFAS22526
• Wu, L., & Yang, J. (2012). Identifications of captive and wild tilapia species existing in Hawaii by mitochondrial DNA control region sequence. PLoS One, 7, e51731. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051731
• Wu, X., Luo, J., Huang, S., Chen, Z., Xiao, H., & Zhang, Y. (2013). Molecular Phylogeography and evolutionary history of Poropuntius huangchuchieni (Cyprinidae) in Southwest China. PLoS One, 8 (11), e79975. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079975
• Yıldırım, T., Şen, D., Eroğlu, M., Çoban, M. Z., Demirol, F., Gündüz, F., & Canpolat, İ. (2015). Keban Baraj Gölü balık faunası, Elazığ, Türkiye. Fırat Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 27 (1), 57-69.
• Zhang, Q., Sun, C., Zhu, Y., Xu, N., & Liu, H. (2020). Genetic diversity and structure of the round-tailed paradise fish (Macropodus ocellatus): Implications for population management. Global Ecology and Conservation, 21, e00876.